Sains Malaysiana 42(10)(2013): 1455–1460

Biodiversity and Protected Areas in Turkey

(Kepelbagaian dan Kawasan Perlindungan di Turki)

M. Küçük* & E. Ertürk

Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, Ankara, Turkey

Diserahkan: 14 April 2013/Diterima: 12 Mei 2013

ABSTRACT

Turkey has three major bio-geographical regions namely Euro–Siberian, Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian. There are very different types of ecosystems such as agricultural, mountain, forests, steppes and wetlands, as well as coastal and marine. The country has rich floral and faunal diversity, high endemism and wide genetic diversity. A good progress has been made in protecting nature and biodiversity rich areas. Since 1990, the extent of protected areas has almost doubled to reach 7.2% of the territory. There are 40 national parks, 31 nature conservation areas, 107 natural monuments, 184 nature parks, 81 wildlife reserve areas, 58 conservation forests, 239 genetic conservation areas, 373 seed stands, 15 specially protected areas, 1273 natural sites, 14 Ramsar sites and 1 biosphere reserve. In this paper information on different ecosystems of the country is presented.

Keywords: Biodiversity; ecosystems; protected areas; Turkey

ABSTRAK

Turki mempunyai tiga wilayah biogeografi utama iaitu Euro–Siberia, Mediterranean dan Irano-Turania. Terdapat jenis ekosistem berbeza seperti pertanian, gunung, hutan, steppe dan tanah bencah, juga persisiran pantai dan samudera. Negara ini mempunyai kepelbagaian flora dan fauna yang kaya, endemisme tinggi dan kepelbagaian genetik yang luas. Suatu kemajuan telah dilaksanakan dalam melindungi alam semula jadi dan kawasan kaya dengan kepelbagaian biologi. Semenjak 1990, kewujudan kawasan dilindungi telah berganda dan mencapai 7.2% daripada jumlah keluasan negara. Terdapat 40 taman negara, 31 kawasan pemuliharaan semula jadi, 107 tugu alam, 184 taman alam, 81 kawasan simpanan hidupan liar, 58 hutan pemuliharaan, 239 kawasan pemuliharaan genetik, 373 dirian biji benih, 15 kawasan perlindungan khusus, 1273 tapak alam, 14 tapak Ramsar dan 1 simpanan biosfera. Dalam kertas ini maklumat mengenai ekosistem berbeza negara akan diberikan.

Kata kunci: Ekosistem; kawasan perlindungan; kepelbagaian biologi; Turki

RUJUKAN

Kiziroğlu, İ., Ad?güzel, Ö. & Bahad?r, M. 2006. Nature reserves and biodiversity in Turkey and related policy measures along with joining the EU. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 15(9b): 32-36.

Progress towards the European 2010. Biodiversity Target, EEA (European Environment Agency) Report, No: 4/2009.

The IUCN 2009-2012 Program, Shaping a Sustainable Future.

The Millennium Development Goals Report 2099, United Nations, New York 2009.

The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan of Turkey, 2007.

The OECD Environmental Performance Reviews of Turkey, 2008.

The United Nations Millennium Declaration 2000.  8^th Plenary Meeting, 8 September.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mkucuk@cevreorman.gov.tr