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Association between Maternal Food Group Intake and Birth Size (Perkaitan antara Pemakanan Ibu Semasa Mengandung dengan Saiz
Kelahiran Bayi)
S.L.
LOY, M. MARHAZLINA & J.M. HAMID JAN*
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti
Sains Malaysia
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 16 April 2012/Diterima: 20 Mac 2013
ABSTRACT
Maternal nutrition is one of the dominant factors in determining
fetal growth and subsequent developmental health for both mother and child.
This study aimed to explore the association between maternal consumption of
food groups and birth size among singleton, termed newborns. One hundred and
eight healthy pregnant women in their third trimester, aged 19 to 40 years who
visited the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Hospital Universiti Sains
Malaysia completed an interviewed-administered, validated semi-quantitative
food frequency questionnaire. The maternal socio-demographic, medical and
obstetric histories and anthropometry measurements were recorded accordingly.
The pregnancy outcomes, birth weight, birth length and head circumference were
obtained from the medical records. The data were analyzed using multiple linear
regression by controlling for possible confounders. Among all food groups,
fruits intake was associated with higher birth weight (p=0.018). None of the food intake showed
evident association with respect to birth length while only fruits intake was
associated positively with head circumference (p=0.019). In contrast,
confectioneries and condiments were associated with lower birth weight (p=0.013
and p=0.001, respectively). Also, condiments appeared to associate
inversely with ponderal index (p=0.015). These findings suggest the
potential beneficial effects of micronutrient rich food but detrimental effects
of high sugar and sodium food on fetal growth. Such an effect may have long
term health consequences to the lives of children.
Keywords: Birth weight; food frequency questionnaire; maternal
intake; pregnancy
ABSTRAK
Pemakanan ibu adalah antara faktor utama dalam menentukan
pertumbuhan dan kesihatan bayi dan ibu. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk
mengkaji perkaitan antara pemakanan ibu berdasarkan kepada kumpulan makanan dan
saiz kelahiran bayi. Seratus lapan orang ibu mengandung yang berkunjung ke
Klinik Obstetrik dan Ginekologi Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, berada
dalam trimester ketiga kehamilan dan berumur 19–40 tahun telah ditemu duga
dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik kekerapan pengambilan makanan yang telah
divalidasi. Maklumat sosiodemografi, sejarah perubatan dan obstetrik serta
pengukuran antropometri ibu direkodkan. Maklumat selepas kehamilan, berat bayi,
panjang bayi dan lilitan kepala bayi diambil daripada rekod perubatan. Data
dianalisis dengan kaedah regresi linear berganda. Antara semua kumpulan
makanan, pengambilan buah-buahan mempunyai perkaitan dengan berat bayi yang
lebih tinggi (p=0.018). Tiada kumpulan
makanan yang menunjukkan hubung kait dengan panjang bayi, manakala hanya
pengambilan buah-buahan mempunyai perkaitan positif dengan lilitan kepala (p=0.019).
Sebaliknya, pengambilan konfeksi dan kondimen berkait dengan berat bayi yang
lebih rendah (p=0.013 dan p=0.001). Pengambilan kondimen juga
mempunyai perkaitan songsang dengan indeks ponderal (p=0.015). Keputusan
ini menunjukkan bahawa pengambilan makanan mikronutrien tinggi membawa kesan
baik manakala pengambilan makanan yang mengandungi gula dan garam tinggi membawa
kesan buruk kepada pertumbuhan bayi. Kesan seperti ini mungkin akan
mempengaruhi kesihatan kanak-kanak dalam jangka masa yang panjang.
Kata kunci: Berat lahir; kehamilan; kekerapan pengambilan makanan;
pemakanan ibu
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: hamidjan@kb.usm.my
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