Sains Malaysiana 42(3)(2013): 289–299

Pengambilan Logam Berat oleh Pokok Daun Kari (Murraya koenigi) dalam Tanih Ultrabes

dari Felda Rokan Barat, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

(Heavy Metal Uptakes by Curry Leaf Tree (Murraya koenigi) in Ultrabasic Soils from

Felda Rokan Barat, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)

A.R. Sahibin^1,2*, I. Wan Mohd Razi¹, A.R. Zulfahmi¹, L. Tukimat¹, A.B. AK Jalaludin¹,

H. Azman¹ & M.I. Nur Diyana¹

¹Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan

Malaysia

²Pusat Penyelidikan Sistem Perubahan Iklim Tropika

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malasysia, 43600 UKM Bangi

Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan:  22 Disember 2011 / 13 September 2012

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini telah dijalankan di kawasan tanih ultrabes di Felda Rokan Barat, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan. Sebanyak lima belas sampel tumbuhan dan substratnya telah diambil dari kawasan kajian dengan kaedah berkelompok. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan kandungan logam berat Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, Cd dan Pb di dalam tanih dan bahagian akar, batang dan daun tumbuhan. Koefisien penyerapan biologi (BAC) ditentukan secara perkiraan. Kandungan logam berat di dalam tumbuhan diekstrak secara penghadaman basah manakala kandungan di dalam tanih diekstrak dengan kaedah pengekstrakan berjujukan. Kandungan logam berat di dalam larutan ekstrak tanih dan tumbuhan ditentukan menggunakan spektrofotometer penyerapan atom kaedah nyalaan (FAAS). Hasil kajian menunjukkan kepekatan logam berat paling tinggi dalam substrat pokok daun kari Murraya koenigi adalah Fe, diikuti oleh Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd dan Pb dengan purata kepekatan masing-masing sebanyak 1699.64 mg/kg, 532.59 mg/kg, 212.43 mg/kg, 195.02 mg/kg, 174.97 mg/kg, 48.11 mg/kg, 43.86 mg/kg, 3.65 mg/kg dan 0.48 mg/kg. Kepekatan logam berat tersedia bagi Mn dan Pb adalah lebih tinggi berbanding logam berat tersedia yang lain berdasarkan peratus. Kandungan Fe dan Mn adalah tinggi di dalam semua bahagian tumbuhan. Walau bagaimanapun, berdasarkan nilai purata kumulatif BAC, hanya logam Pb menunjukkan nilai penimbunan yang agak tinggi dalam tumbuhan. Kajian ini menunjukkan pokok daun kari (Murraya koenigi) bukan tumbuhan penumpuk logam berat berdasarkan kepada nilai BACnya yang rendah.

Kata kunci: Koefisien pengumpulan biologi (BAC); logam berat; pokok daun kari (Murraya koenigi); tanih ultrabes

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted in the ultrabasic soil at the Felda Rokan Barat, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan. A total of fifteen samples of plants and substrates were taken from the study area by clustering methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the heavy metal concentrations of Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in the soil and the roots, stems and leaves of the plant. Biological absorption coefficient (BAC) was determined by calculation. Heavy metal concentrations in the plants were extracted by wet digestion and the concentration in the soil were extracted by sequential extraction method. Heavy metals in soil and plant extract solution were determined using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The results showed that Fe concentration was the highest  among heavy metals  in the substrates of the curry leaf plant Murraya koenigi followed by Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb with mean concentrations of 1699.64 mg/kg, 532.59 mg/kg, 212.43 mg/kg, 195.02 mg/kg, 174.97 mg/kg, 48.11 mg/kg, 43.86 mg/kg, 3.65 mg/kg and 0.48 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of available heavy metals for Mn and Pb in the soil were higher than that of other available heavy metals based on the percentage. Fe and Mn concentrations were high in all parts of the plant. However, based on the heavy metal cumulative average of BAC, only Pb showed a slightly higher enrichment value in the plant. This study showed that curry leaf tree (Murraya koenigi) is not a plant that accumulates heavy metal based on its low BAC values.

Keywords: Biological accumulation coefficient (BAC); curry leaf tree (Murraya koenigi); heavy metals; ultrabasic soil

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: haiyan@ukm.my