Sains Malaysiana 42(5)(2013): 579–586

Analisis Potensi Kebakaran Hutan Menggunakan Teknik Geospatial dan Permodelan AHP di Selangor, Malaysia

(Analysis of Potential Forest Fires by Utilizing Geospatial and AHP Model in Selangor, Malaysia)

Mohd Dini Hairi Suliman& MasturaMahmud*

Pusat Pencerapan Bumi, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E,. Malaysia

Diserahkan: 27 Februari 2012/Diterima: 20 Oktober 2012

ABSTRAK

Kejadian kebakaran hutan yang memberikan implikasi negatif terhadap ekosistem hutan, kepelbagaian biologi, kualiti udara dan struktur tanah dapat dikurangkan melalui sistem pengurusan bencana yang berkesan. Mekanisme pengurusan bencana dapat dibangunkan melalui sistem amaran awal yang tepat serta sistem penyampaian maklumat yang cekap. Penyelidikan ini cuba memberi tumpuan kepada pemetaan potensi kebakaran hutan serta penyampaian maklumat kepada pengguna melalui aplikasi WebGIS. Teknologi georuangl dan permodelan matematik digunakan bagi mengenal pasti, mengelas serta memetakan kawasan hutan yang berpotensi untuk terbakar. Permodelan model proses analitik hierarki (AHP) serta teknologi georuang yang merangkumi penderiaan jauh, sistem maklumat geografi (GIS) dan pengumpulan data lapangan secara digital telah digunakan untuk negeri Selangor. AHP adalah suatu teknik yang dapat memodel sesuatu keputusan yang meliputi objektif menyeluruh, dalam kajian ini untuk mencari kawasan yang berpotensi berlakunya kebakaran hutan. Tiga kriteria iaitu bahan bakar, bentuk topografi dan faktor manusia telah dipilih untuk membina satu reka bentuk hierarki berstruktur yang setiapnya diberikan pemberat. Kemudian hierarki ini dianalisis melalui satu siri perbandingan berpasangan yang diproses secara matematik dan keutamaan diberikan kepada kedudukan yang tinggi untuk mencapai hasil sumbangan pakar yang terlibat secara langsung dengan operasi pemadaman kebakaran hutan yang terdiri daripada pegawai Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia juga dinilai dalam model ini. Hasil kajian mendapati 65% daripada keseluruhan Selangor berpotensi rendah untuk terbakar sementara kawasan seluas 32.83 km persegi iaitu di Bestari Jaya, Ulu Tinggi dan Kuala Langat berpotensi melampau terbakar. Paparan maklumat melalui aplikasi WebGIS ini merupakan satu pendekatan terbaik bagi membantu proses membuat keputusan pada tahap keyakinan yang tinggi dan hampir menyamai keadaan sebenar. Agensi yang terlibat dalam pengurusan bencana seperti Jawatankuasa Pengurusan dan Bantuan Bencana (JPBB) Daerah, Negeri dan Pusat serta Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia dapat menggunakan hasil akhir kajian ini sebagai persediaan menghadapi ancaman kebakaran hutan pada masa akan datang.

Kata kunci: Peta risiko kebakaran hutan; Selangor; tanah gambut; tanah mineral

ABSTRACT

The incidences of forest fires that negatively impact the forest ecosystems, biodiversity, air quality and the soil structure can be reduced through the effective disaster management by developing an accurate early warning system. This study was focused on the mapping of the potential areas of forest fire occurrences through a WebGIS application that can relay information to interested users. The geospatial technology and mathematical modeling were utilized to identify, classify and map the potential forest areas that are prone to fire. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model and the geospatial technology that consist of remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS) and digital observed field data were utilised for the state of Selangor. AHP is a technique that models a decision, which in this study includes an overall objective of finding a forest area which has the potential of forest fire occurring. Three criteria such as fuel, topography and human factors were selected to build a hiearchical structure and a weight was given to each criterion. The hierarchy was then analysed through a series of pairwise comparisons that is processed mathematically and priority is given to the highest ranking to achieve the desired result. The expert’s opinions were obtained from the firemen of the Malaysian Fire and Rescue Department who were directly involved with the forest fire operations. The result from this study showed that 65% of the area in Selangor has a potentially low fire occurrence, while 32.83 km² of extremely high risk fire areas were found in places such as Bestari Jaya, Ulu Tinggi and Kuala Langat. The information displayed through the WebGIS application is one of the best ways to assist the relevant authorities make an informed decision with a high confidence as it represents an almost real situation. The various agencies involved with the disaster management operations such as the disaster committees at the district, state and federal levels and the Malaysian Fire and Rescue Department may utilise this output as a tool to alleviate the future risk of forest fires.

Keywords: Mineral soil; peat soil; risk map of forest fires; Selangor

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mastura@ukm.my