Sains Malaysiana 42(8)(2013): 1121–1129

Penghasilan Poliol Minyak Sawit Olein Secara Hidrolisis Selanjar dan Berkelompok

(Palm Olein Polyols Production by Batch and Continuous Hydrolisis)

Darfizzi Derawi* & Jumat Salimon

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Darfizzi Derawi*

Jabatan Sains, Fakulti Sains, Teknologi dan Pembangunan Insan (FSTPi)

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor Darul Takzim

Malaysia

Diserahkan: 19 Januari 2012 / Diterima: 25 Januari 2013

ABSTRAK

Sebatian poliol minyak sawit olein (di-hidroksi-_PO^o) (70% hasil) disintesis melalui pembukaan gelang oksirana minyak sawit olein terepoksida (EPO^o) secara hidrolisis selanjar dan berkelompok. Hasil optimum pembukaan gelang oksirana (97.2%) bagi kedua-dua tindak balas selama 90 min (tindak balas selanjar) dan 75 min (tindak balas berkelompok) dengan menggunakan mangkin asid perklorik 3% v/wt. Spektrum transformasi Fourier inframerah (FTIR) di-hidroksi-PO^o menunjukkan kehadiran puncak lebar getaran regangan kumpulan hidroksil pada nombor gelombang 3429 cm^-1, menunjukkan sebatian poliol telah berjaya dihasilkan. Spektrum resonan magnetik nukleus-karbon (¹³C-NMR) di-hidroksi-PO^o telah menunjukkan kehadiran puncak karbon yang terikat dengan kumpulan hidroksil (74.5 ppm). Spektrum resonan magnetik nukleus-proton (¹H-NMR) di-hidroksi-PO^o telah menunjukkan kehadiran puncak proton yang terikat pada karbon poliol (3.4 ppm) dan proton pada kumpulan hidroksil (4.6 ppm). Kelikatan kinematik produk poliol (nilai hidroksil sebanyak 110.7 mgKOH/g minyak) adalah 1435.2 cSt (40^oC) dan 55.2 cSt (100^oC) dengan indeks kelikatan 78.

Kata kunci: hidrolisis; minyak sawit olein terepoksida; poliol minyak sawit olein

ABSTRACT

Di-hydroxy-PO^o (70% of yield) was synthesised through oxirane cleavage of epoxidized palm olein (EPO^o) by using continuous and batch hydrolysis process. Both hydrolysis processes obtained an optimum oxirane cleavage yield (97.2%) by using perchloric acid 3% v/wt for 90 min (continuous process) and 75 min (batch process). The presence of stretching vibration broadband peak of hydroxyl at wavenumber 3429 cm-1 shown on the Fourier transformation infra-red (FTIR) spectrum, indicate formation of polyols compound. The carbon-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectrum of di-hydroxy-PO^o showed the presence of carbon peak bonded with hydroxyl (74.5 ppm). The proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectrum of di-hydroxy-PO^o showed the presence of proton peak attached to the carbon of polyols (3.4 ppm) and proton of hydroxyl (4.6 ppm). Kinematic viscosity of polyols product (110.7 mgKOH/g oil) were 1435.2 cSt (40^oC) and 55.2 cSt (100^oC) with the viscosity index of 78.

Keywords: Epoxidized palm olein; hydrolysis; palm olein polyols

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat ; email: darfizzi@uthm.edu.my