Sains Malaysiana 43(12)(2014): 1889–1893

Effects of Salvadora persica Extract on the Bacterial Population in Single-species Biofilm

(Kesan Ekstrak Salvadora persica terhadap Populasi Bakteria dalam Biofilem Spesies-tunggal)

NORDIN FATIN-MAJDINA¹, HAJI ABD RAHIM ZUBAIDAH¹*, ABD RAZAK MONICA@MUNIRAH² & MOHD BAKRI MARINA¹

¹Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya

Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Jabatan Al-Quran dan Hadith, Akademi Pengajian Islam, University of Malaya

Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 30 Jun 2013/Diterima: 25 April 2014

ABSTRACT

The effect of S. persica extract on the population of bacteria in single-species biofilm was investigated. An artificial mouth (NAM) system was used for the development of biofilm. In one experiment, aqueous extract of S. persica at sub-MIC concentration (5 mg/mL) was first pumped into the NAM system to treat the experimental pellicle on glass beads before inoculating it with the bacteria (Strep. mitis, Strep. mutans and Strep. sanguinis). This would resemble using the aqueous extract of S. persica before meals. In another experiment, the aqueous extract of S. persica was pumped into the NAM system after the bacterial inoculation and this would resemble using it after meals. In both experiments, 24 h biofilms were allowed to form. The bacterial population of the biofilms was determined and expressed as colony forming unit per mL (cfu mL^-1). For negative control, sterilized distilled water was used whereas for positive control, commercial Listerine. It was found that the population of Strep. mitis, Strep. mutans and Strep. sanguinis in the respective biofilms for both experiments involving treatment with S. persica extract or Listerine was significantly reduced by more than 70% (p<0.05) when compared with the negative control. Comparing the effect of S. persica with Listerine on the bacterial population of the biofilms when used either before or after meal showed that S. persica is slightly less effective towards S. sanguinis before meal and towards S. mutans after meal (p<0.05). This study suggests that the efficiency of the antibacterial effect of S. persica is species-related and by its way of usage.

Keywords: Bacterial population; oral biofilm; single-species biofilm; S. persica

ABSTRAK

Kesan ekstrak S. persica terhadap populasi bakteria dalam biofilem spesis-tunggal dikaji. Model mulut tiruan (NAM) digunakan dalam proses perkembangan biofilem ini. Dalam kajian pertama, ekstrak akueus S. persica pada kepekatan separuh MIC (5 mg/mL) dipam masuk ke dalam sistem NAM bagi merawat pelikel eksperimen yang terbentuk pada manik kaca sebelum diinokulasi dengan bakteria terpilih (Strep. mitis, Strep. mutans dan Strep. sanguinis). Langkah ini menyerupai penggunaan ekstrak akueus S. persica sebelum makan. Dalam kajian kedua, ekstrak akueus S. persica dipam masuk ke dalam sistem NAM selepas inokulasi bakteria terpilih dan langkah ini menyerupai penggunaan ekstrak selepas makan. Pembentukan biofilem dalam kedua-dua kajian dibiarkan selama 24 jam. Populasi bakteria yang terbentuk pada biofilem dikenal pasti dan dibentangkan dalam unit koloni per mL (cfu mL^-1). Air suling steril digunakan sebagai kawalan negatif dan Listerine komersial sebagai kawalan positif. Keputusan bagi kedua-dua kajian menunjukkan Strep. mitis, Strep. mutans dan Strep. sanguinis dalam biofilem masing-masing melibatkan rawatan dengan ekstrak S.persica atau Listerine dibandingkan dengan kawalan negatif berupaya mengurangkan perlekatan bakteria secara signifikan sehingga lebih daripada 70% (p<0.05). Perbandingan kesan S. persica dengan Listerine terhadap populasi bakteria dalam biofilem yang digunakan sebelum dan selepas makan menunjukkan sedikit perbezaan keberkesanan S. persica terhadap Strep. sanguinis sebelum makan dan Strep. mutans selepas makan (p<0.05). Kajian ini menunjukkan keberkesanan kesan antibakteria S. persica adalah berkait dengan spesies dan cara penggunaannya.

Kata kunci: Biofilem mulut; biofilem spesies-tunggal; populasi bakteria; S. persica

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: zubaidar@um.edu.my