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Sains Malaysiana 43(4)(2014):
535–542
Comparison of Physicochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Nigella sativa Seeds and Oils from Yemen, Iran and
Malaysia
(Perbandingan Analisis Fizikokimia dan Aktiviti Antioksidan dalam
Biji dan Minyak
Nigella sativa dari Yemen, Iran dan Malaysia)
HASNAH HARON*, CHONG GRACE-LYNN & SUZANA SHAHAR
Nutritional
Sciences Programme, School of Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences
Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz
50300
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
9 November 2011/Diterima: 31 Julai 2013
ABSTRACT
The study was aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties and
antioxidant activities in five batches of seeds and oils of Nigella sativa, obtained from Malaysia, Iran
and Yemen. Proximate analysis showed that the seeds contained 20.63-28.71%
crude fat, 11.35-14.04% crude protein, 5.37-7.93% total moisture,
4.15-4.51% total ash contents and 48.69-57.18% total carbohydrate
contents. Physicochemical analysis showed a refractive index of
1.4697-1.4730, specific gravity of 1.369-1.376 g/cm3, peroxide value of 3.33-21.33 meq O2/kg,
184-220 mg/g in saponification number and unsaponifiable matter
of 1.1-1.8% in the oil samples. The seeds showed high mineral content
such as Ca (2242 mg/kg), K (6393 mg/kg) and Mg (2234 mg/kg). The
oil sample from Kelantan, Malaysia contained the lowest saturated
fatty acid (SFA) (1.42±0.29%)
while Sudan, Yemen contained the highest content of polyunsaturated
fatty acid (PUFA)
(65.13±5.45%). Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) were found the highest
(20.45±2.61%) in the seed samples originated from Iran. Seeds
from Iran showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 1.49 mg/mL) and total phenolic content (30.84
mg GAE/g)
while oil sample from Sudan, Yemen has the highest antioxidant activity
(IC50 =
4.48 mg/mL). Seeds from Iran have the highest quality among the
seed samples while oil samples from Kelantan, Malaysia was the best
among the oil samples in terms of low SFA,
high PUFA,
MUFA and
antioxidant activities.
Keywords: Antioxidants; Nigella
sativa; oil; physicochemical; seeds
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis ciri fizikokimia dan aktiviti antioksidan
dalam lima sampel biji dan minyak Nigella sativa yang diperoleh dari Malaysia,
Iran dan Yemen. Analisis proksimat menunjukkan biji Nigella
sativa mengandungi 20.63-28.71% lemak kasar, 11.35-14.04% protein
kasar, 5.37-7.93% air, 4.15-4.51% jumlah abu dan 48.69-57.18% jumlah
karbohidrat. Analisis fizikokimia menunjukkan indeks refraktif sebanyak
1.4697-1.4730, spesifik graviti sebanyak 1.369-1.376 g/cm3, nilai peroksida sebanyak 3.33-21.33
meq O2/kg,
184-220 mg/g dalam nombor saponifikasi dan jirim tidak disaponifikasi
adalah sebanyak 1.1-1.8% di dalam sampel minyak. Biji menunjukkan
kandungan mineral yang tinggi iaitu Ca (2242 mg/kg), K (6393 mg/kg)
dan Mg (2234 mg/kg). Sampel minyak dari Kelantan, Malaysia mengandungi
asid lemak tepu (SFA) yang terendah (1.42±0.29%)
sementara Sudan, Yemen mengandungi kandungan asid lemak poli tak
tepu (PUFA)
yang tertinggi (65.13±5.45%). Asid lemak mono tak tepu (MUFA) didapati paling tinggi
(20.45±2.61%) di dalam sampel biji yang berasal dari Iran.
Biji dari Iran menunjukkan aktiviti antioksidan (IC50 = 1.49 mg/mL) dan jumlah
kandungan fenolik (30.84 mg GAE/g) yang tertinggi sementara sampel minyak
dari Sudan, Yemen mempunyai kandungan aktiviti antioksidan yang
tertinggi (IC50 =
4.48 mg/mL). Biji dari Iran mempunyai kualiti yang paling tinggi
antara sampel biji yang lain sementara sampel minyak dari Kelantan,
Malaysia adalah yang terbaik antara sampel minyak yang lain dari
segi rendah SFA, tinggi PUFA,
MUFA dan
aktiviti antioksidan.
Kata kunci: Antioksidan; biji; fizikokimia;
minyak; Nigella sativa
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: hasnah@fsk.ukm.my
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