Sains Malaysiana 43(7)(2014): 1037–1043

Normative and Perceived Need for Treatment of Malocclusion among Malaysian Adolescents

(Keperluan Normatif dan Keperluan yang Dirasai untuk Rawatan  Ortodontik dalam

Kalangan Remaja Malaysia)

SITI ZURIANA MOHD ZAMZURI¹, ISHAK ABDUL RAZAK^2,3 & RASHIDAH ESA³*

¹Oral Health Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 5, Block E10, Complex E, Precinct 1

Central Administration for Federal Government, 62590 Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya, Malaysia

²Vinayaka Missions International University College, 35-05, Block E, Phileo Damansara 1

Jalan 16/11, 46350 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

³Department of Community, Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 18 Disember 2012/Diterima: 16 September 2013

ABSTRACT

In practice, the need for orthodontic care is often determined by normative need. However, in reality, a person’s decision to seek orthodontic treatment is dependent on multiple factors. The aim of this study was to determine the association between normative and perceived need for orthodontic treatment among Malaysian adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study involving 700 schoolchildren aged 13-14 years in Jempol District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) were used to assess the normative need. The children’s perceived need was obtained by matching the appearance of their anterior teeth with the photographs on the AC scale. The normative need according to the DHC was 27.1% while the AC indicated 21.9%. Only 3.2% of the schoolchildren perceived that they needed treatment. There was a significantly high correlation between the DHC and AC scores of the dentist (Spearman r s = 0.89, p<0.01). However, the correlation between the AC of dentist and AC score of the children was weak (Spearman r s = 0.39, p<0.01). No significant differences were observed for need of orthodontic treatment among gender and ethnicity according to the DHC and AC of dentists as well as AC of children (p>0.05). The findings from this study support the importance of considering the use of perceived need in prioritizing orthodontic treatment especially because of the shortage of orthodontic services in the country.

Keywords: IOTN; normative need; perceived need

ABSTRAK

Secara amalan, keperluan rawatan ortodontik seringkali ditentukan oleh keperluan normatif. Namun demikian, secara realiti, keputusan seseorang untuk mendapatkan rawatan ortodontik adalah bergantung kepada pelbagai faktor. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan kaitan antara keperluan normatif dan keperluan yang dirasai untuk rawatan ortodontik dalam kalangan remaja di Malaysia. Ini merupakan kajian rentas yang melibatkan 700 kanak-kanak sekolah berusia 13-14 tahun di Daerah Jempol, Negeri Sembilan. Keperluan normatif kanak-kanak ditentukan oleh Komponen Kesihatan Pergigian (DHC) dan Komponen Estetik (AC) Indeks Keperluan Rawatan Ortodontik (IOTN). Keperluan yang dirasai kanak-kanak diperoleh melalui perbandingan dengan gambar-gambar daripada skala AC. Keperluan normatif mengikut DHC adalah 27.1% manakala AC menunjukkan 21.9%. Hanya 3.2% kanak-kanak sekolah merasai yang mereka perlukan rawatan. Terdapat korelasi signifikan yang tinggi antara skor DHC dan AC oleh doktor pergigian (Spearman r s = 0.89, p<0.01). Namun korelasi di antara AC doktor pergigian dan AC kanak-kanak adalah rendah (Spearman r s = 0.38, p<0.01). Tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi keperluan rawatan ortodontik mengikut jantina dan kumpulan etnik berdasarkan DHC dan AC doktor pergigian serta AC kanak-kanak (p>0.05). Penemuan kajian ini menyokong kepentingan menimbangkan penggunaan keperluan yang dirasai dalam rawatan ortodontik untuk menentukan prioriti bagi rawatan ortodontik terutamanya kerana kekurangan perkhidmatan ortodontik di negara ini.

Kata kunci: IOTN; keperluan normatif; keperluan yang dirasai

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: rashidah @um.edu.my