Sains Malaysiana 43(9)(2014): 1327–1332

 

Enhancing Biodegradation of Crude Oil in Soil Using Fertilizer and Empty Fruit Bunch of Oil Palm

(Peningkatan Biodegradasi Minyak Mentah dalam Tanah Menggunakan Baja dan Tandan Kosong Buah daripada Kelapa Sawit)

 

 

AINON HAMZAH1*, SITI NURSYAZANA MD SALLEH1 & SUKIMAN SARMANI2

 

1School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

 

2School of Chemical and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 30 Disember 2012/Diterima: 4 Mac 2014

 

ABSTRACT

Bioremediation of crude oil using biostimulation and/or bioaugmentation was done by simulation study in the green house under uncontrolled environment temperature. In this study, the soil with indigenous microbes was spiked with Tapis crude oil at 200 g/kg. The microbial density of the amended soils was augmented by addition of fresh inoculum of microbial consortium which consist of Pseudomonas aeruginosa UKMP-14T, Acinetobacter baumannii UKMP-12T and seed culture two strains of fungi, Trichoderma virens UKMP-1M and Trichoderma virens UKMP-2M at ratio 1:1:1:1 (v/w). The amendment soil was added with 20% (v/w) of standardize consortium inoculum, 20% (w/w) of dried empty fruit bunch (EFB) and the effect of EFB was compared with 0.7% commercial fertilizer (v/w) which contain NPK (8:8:1). Soil with indigenous microbes was used as a control. Results showed total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation for treatment added with NPK fertilizer was 70.36%, addition with EFB bulking agent 68.86% and addition of both NPK and EFB was 100% at day 30 of incubation. The control plot, 62% of TPH degradation was achieved after 30 days incubation.

 

Keywords: Bioaugmentation; biostimulation; microbial consortium

 

ABSTRAK

Bioremediasi minyak mentah menggunakan biostimulasi dan/atau bioaugmentasi telah dijalankan secara kajian simulasi di dalam rumah tumbuhan dengan suhu persekitaran tidak dikawal. Dalam kajian ini, tanah yang mengandungi mikrob indigenus telah ditambah dengan minyak mentah Tapis pada 200 g/kg. Kepadatan mikrob dalam tanah yang diubahsuai telah ditambah dengan inokulum segar konsortium mikrob yang terdiri daripada Pseudomonas aeruginosa UKMP-14T, Acinetobacter baumannii UKMP-12T dan kultur benih dua strain kulat Trichoderma virens UKMP-1M dan Trichoderma virens UKMP-2M pada nisbah 1:1:1:1 (i/b). Tanah yang diubahsuai ditambah dengan 20% (i/b) inokulum piawai konsortia, 20% (b/b) tandan kosong buah kelapa sawit (EFB) yang telah dikeringkan dan kesan EFB telah dibandingkan dengan 0.7% baja komersil (i/b) yang mengandungi NPK (8:8:1). Tanah dengan mikrob indigenus dijadikan sebagai kawalan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan degradasi TPH bagi rawatan yang ditambah dengan baja NPK adalah 70.36%, penambahan agen pemukal EFB ialah 68.86% dan penambahan kedua-dua NPK dan EFB adalah 100% pada hari ke 30 eraman. Plot kawalan pula menunjukkan 62% degradasi TPH telah dicapai selepas 30 hari pengeraman.

 

Kata kunci: Bioaugmentasi; biostimulasi: konsortium mikrob

 

RUJUKAN

 

Ainon, H. & Raja Farzarul Hanim, R.A. 2006. Identification and optimization of bacteria potential in degrading crude oil isolates from wastewater, groundwater and sludge contaminated oil. Proceeding 28th Symposium of the Malaysian Society for Microbiology. 10-13.

Ainon, H., Amir, R., Raja Farzarul Hanim, R.A. & Noor Aini, Y. 2010a. Isolation and characterization of bacteria degrading Sumandak and South Angsi Oils. Sains Malaysiana 39(2):161-168.

Ainon, H., Sukiman, S. & Siti Nursyazana, M.S. 2010b. Biostimulation of microbial consortia in degrading crude oil in soil. Proceeding of the 11th Symposium Malaysian Society for Applied Biology 643-647.

Ainon, H., Mazni, A.Z., Aidil, A.H., Othman, O. & Sahidan, S. 2012. Optimal physical and nutrient parameters for growth of Trichoderma virens UKMP-1M for heavy crude oil degradation. Sains Malaysiana 41(1): 71-79.

Alisi, C., Musella, R., Tasso, F., Ubaldi, C., Manzo, S., Cremisini, C., & Sprocati, A.R. 2009. Bioremediation of diesel oil in a co-contaminated soil by bioaugmentation with a microbial formula tailored with native strains selected for heavy metals resistance. Science of the Total Environment 407: 3024-3032.

Boodoosingh, R., Swan, C., Desmarais, A.M. & Beckles, D.M. 2007. The effect of bulking agent and initial contaminant concentration on the biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water and Energy 12: Article 23.

Bento, F.M., Camargo, F.A.O., Okeke, B.C. & Frankenberger, W.T. 2005. Comparative bioremediation of soils contaminated with diesel oil by natural attenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation. Bioresource Technology 96:1049–1055.

Chorom, M., Sharifi, H.S. & Motamedi, H. 2010. Bioremediation of a crude oil-polluted soil by application of fertilizers. Iran Journal Environmental Health Science Engineering 7 (4):319-326.

Cunningham, C.J. & Philp, J.C. 2000. Comparison of bioaugmentation and biostimulation in ex situ treatment of diesel contaminated soil. Land Contamination & Reclamation 8:261-269.

Embar, K., Forgacs, C. & Sivan, A. 2006. The role of indigenous bacterial and fungal soil populations in the biodegradation of crude oil in a desert soil. Biodegradation 17: 369-377.

Mirdamadian, S.H., Emtiazi, G., Golabi, M.H. & Ghanavati, H. 2010. Biodegradation of petroleum and aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil. Journal of Petroleum and Environmental Biotechnology 1 (1): 1-5.

Molina-Barahona, L., Rodr´ıguez-Vázquez, R., Hernández- Velasco, M., Vega-Jarqu´ın, C., Zapata-Pérez, O., Mendoza- Cantú, A. & Albores, A. 2004. Diesel removal from contaminated soils by biostimulation and supplementation with crop residues. Applied Soil Ecology 27 (2): 165–175.

Pala, D.M., de Souza, J.A., de Carvalho, D.D. & Sant’ Anna Jr, G.L. 2005. Effect of bulking agents and clay content on bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soils. Mercosur Congress on Process Systems Engineering. 1-10.

Rhykerd, R.L., Sen, D., McInnes, K.J. & Weaver, R.W. 1998. Volatilization of crude oil from soil amended with bulking agent. Soil Science 163: 87-92.

Sarkar, D., Fergusson, M., Dutta, R. & Birnbaum, S. 2005. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils: Comparison of biosolids addition, carbon supplementation and monitored natural attenuation. Environmental Pollution 136: 187-195.

Sathishkumar, M., Binupriya, A.R., Baik, S-H. & Yun, S-E. 2008. Biodegradation of crude oil by individual bacterial strains and a mixed bacterial consortium isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated areas. CLEAN- Soil, Air, Water 35(1): 92-96.

Siti Nursyazana, M.S., Ainon, H. & Sukiman, S. 2011. Effect of inoculum size of microbial consortium in degrading various concentrations of Tapis crude oil in soil. International Congress of the Malaysian Society for Microbiology 329-333.

Shabir, G., Afzal, M., Anwar, F., Tahseen, R. & Khalid, Z.M. 2008. Biodegradation of kerosene in soil by a mixed bacterial culture under different nutrient conditions. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 61: 161-166.

Trejo-Hernandez, M.R., Ortiz, A., Okoh, A.I., Morales, D. & Quintero, R. 2006. Biodegradation of heavy crude oil Maya using spent compost and sugar cane bagasse wastes. Chemosphere 68: 848-855.

Tyagi, M., da Foncesa, M.R.M. & de Carvalho, C.C.C.R. 2011. Bioaugmentation and biostimulation strategies to improve the effectiveness of bioremediation processes. Biodegradation 22: 231-241.

Yahya, A., Sye, C.P., Ishola, T.A. & Suryanto, H. 2010. Effect of adding palm oil mill decanter cake slurry with regular turning operation on the composing process and quality of compost from oil palm empty fruit bunches. Bioresource Technology 101: 8736-8741.

Zhong, Y., Luan, T., Wang, X., Lan, C. & Tam, N.F.Y. 2007. Influence of growth medium on cometabolic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Sphingomonas sp. strain PheB4. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 75(1): 175-186.

 

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat: email: antara@ukm.edu.my

 

 

 

sebelumnya