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Sains Malaysiana 44(1)(2015):
91–99
Assessment of Heavy Metal in Self-caught Saltwater Fish from
Port Dickson
Coastal Water, Malaysia (Penilaian Logam Berat bagi Ikan Air Masin yang Ditangkap dari Perairan
Port Dickson, Malaysia
SARVA MANGALA PRAVEENA* & CARYN LIEW SUET LIN
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul
Ehsan,Malaysia
Diserahkan: 12 Julai 2013/Diterima: 4 Julai 2014
ABSTRACT
Freshwater fish has been studied and reported numerously. However,
little attention has been made and limited studies available on
local marine fish in Malaysia. Thus, in this study, concentrations
of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu) were studied in four major local
marine fish Megalaspis cordyla (hardtail scad), Rastrelliger
kanagurta (Indian mackerel), Selaroides leptolepis (yellowstripe
scad) and Sardinella fimbriata (fringescale sardinella).
The study was also intended to estimate potential health risk assessment
from these heavy metals to the consumption of fish and assess maximum
allowable fish consumption rate. The range of heavy metal concentrations
were 0.053-0.096 mg/kg for Cd, 1.16-2.34 mg/kg for Cr, 8.34-12.44
mg/kg for Pb and 1.40-3.21 mg/kg for Cu in four major self-caught
saltwater fish. Heavy metal levels of Cd and Cu in the local marine
fish from Port Dickson are below the limit enforced by Food Regulations
(1985) while the levels of Cr and Pb have exceeded the limit. Potential
health risks associated with Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb were assessed based
on target hazard quotients. HQ values calculated for Cd, Cr and Cu were less
than 1, thus indicate that no adverse effects while HQ values for Pb exceeded
1 for all the fish species assessed with the exception of Megalaspis
spp. and Sardinella spp. Cr was the highest while Pb concentrations
were the lowest in all the studied fish samples for maximum allowable
fish consumption rate. A long term monitoring program is crucial
to be done in coastal areas with high consumption of local marine
fish along Port Dickson to obtain real consumption rates and other
cofounders factors in local population.
Keywords: Fish; health risks; heavy metal; marine
ABSTRAK
Ikan air tawar telah banyak dikaji dan dilaporkan. Akan tetapi sedikit
tumpuan diberikan kepada ikan air masin tempatan. Oleh itu, penyelidikan
ini mengkaji kepekatan logam berat (Cd, Cr, Pb dan Cu) dalam empat
ikan air masin utama seperti Megalaspis cordyla (cencaru), Rastrelliger kanagurta (ikan
kembung), Selaroides leptolepis (selayang jalur kuning) dan
Sardinella fimbriata (fringescale sardinella). Kajian ini
juga bertujuan untuk menganggarkan potensi penilaian risiko kesihatan
daripada logam berat kepada penggunaan ikan dan menilai kadar pemakanan
ikan maksimum. Julat kepekatan logam berat adalah 0,053-0,096 mg/kg
bagi Cd, 1,16-2,34 mg/kg bagi Cr, 8,34-12,44 mg/kg bagi Pb dan 1,40-3,21
mg/kg bagi Cu dalam empat ikan air masin utama yang ditangkap sendiri.
Tahap logam berat Cd dan Cu dalam ikan air masin dari Port Dickson
adalah di bawah had yang dikuatkuasakan oleh Peraturan-Peraturan
Makanan (1985) manakala tahap Cr dan Pb telah melebihi had tersebut.
Potensi risiko kesihatan yang berkaitan dengan Cd, Cr, Cu dan Pb
dinilai berdasarkan nisbah mudarat (HQ) yang ditetapkan. Nilai HQ yang dikira bagi Cd,
Cr dan Cu adalah kurang daripada 1, sekaligus menunjukkan bahawa
tiada kesan buruk manakala nilai HQ untuk Pb melebihi 1 untuk semua spesies ikan
yang dinilai kecuali Megalaspis spp dan Sardinella spp.
Cr adalah yang tertinggi manakala kepekatan Pb adalah yang paling
rendah dalam semua sampel ikan yang dikaji untuk dibenarkan bagi
kadar pemakanan ikan maksimum. Satu program pemantauan jangka panjang
adalah penting di kawasan pantai melibatkan ikan air masin di sepanjang
perairan Port Dickson untuk mendapatkan kadar penggunaan sebenar
serta faktor tambahan yang mempengaruhi kesihatan penduduk tempatan.
Kata kunci: Ikan; logam
berat; marin; risiko kesihatan
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: smpraveena@gmail.com
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