Sains Malaysiana 44(3)(2015): 325–336

Controlling Spatial Forest Structure with Spatial Simulation in Forest Management Planning: A Case Study from Turkey

(Mengawal Struktur Hutan Reruang dengan Simulasi Reruang dalam Perancangan Pengurusan Hutan: Suatu Kajian Kes dari Turki)

ALI İHSAN KADIOĞULLARI¹*, SEDAT KELE޲, EMIN ZEKI BAŞKENT¹ & ÖZKAN BINGÖL³

¹Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey

²Faculty of Forestry, Çank?r? Karatekin University, 18200 Çank?r?, Turkey

³Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gümüşhane University, 29100 Gümüşhane, Turkey

Diserahkan: 30 Mei 2014/Diterima: 18 September 2014

ABSTRACT

Decision Support Systems (DSS) is widely used to develop spatially explicit forest management plans through the integration of spatial parameters. As a part of this study, a simulation-based spatial DSS, the ETÇAPSimülasyon program was developed and tested in a case study area. The system has the capability to control the spatial structure of forests based on a geodatabase. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) was used to generate the database, using spatial parameters including opening size, block size and green-up delay in addition to other attribute data such as the empirical yield table and the product assortment table. Based on the simulation technique, a spatial forest management model was developed to link strategic planning with tactical planning on a stand base and to present results with a number of performance indicators. One important component of the model determined all spatial characteristics with spatial parameters and patch descriptions. A stand growth and yield simulation model (BARSM) based on the relationship between current and optimal basal area development was also generated to project future stand characteristics and analyze the effects of various silvicultural treatments. A number of spatial forest management strategies were developed to generate spatially implementable harvest schedules and perform spatial analyses. The forest management concept was enhanced by employing a spatial simulation technique to help analyzing the ecosystem structure. Spatial characteristics for an on-the-ground forest management plan were then developed. The model was tested in Alt?noluk Planning Unit (APU) using a spatial simulation technique based on various spatial parameters. The results indicated that the spatial model was able to satisfy the spatial restriction requirements of the forest management plan.

Keywords: Block size; fragmentation metrics; green-up delay; opening size; spatial forest planning

ABSTRAK

Sistem sokongan keputusan (DSS) digunakan secara meluas untuk membangunkan pelan pengurusan hutan reruang nyata melalui integrasi parameter reruang. Sebagai sebahagian daripada kajian ini, simulasi berasaskan reruang DSS, program ETÇAPSimülasyon, dibangunkan dan diuji di kawasan kajian kes. Sistem ini berkeupayaan untuk mengawal struktur reruang hutan berdasarkan pangkalan data geo. Sistem maklumat geografi (GIS) telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan pangkalan data, menggunakan parameter reruang termasuk saiz pembuka, saiz blok dan lewat hijau-naik selain data atribut lain seperti jadual hasil empirik dan jadual pelbagai produk. Berdasarkan teknik simulasi, model pengurusan hutan reruang telah dibangunkan untuk menghubungkan perancangan strategik dengan perancangan taktikal di suatu asas dan membentangkan keputusan dengan beberapa petunjuk prestasi. Suatu komponen penting model menentukan semua ciri-ciri reruang dengan parameter reruang dan tampalan penerangan. Pertumbuhan dirian dan hasil simulasi model (BARSM) berdasarkan hubungan antara pembangunan kawasan asas semasa dan optimum juga dijana untuk projek ciri-ciri dirian masa depan dan menganalisis kesan-kesan rawatan silvikultur yang pelbagai. Beberapa strategi pengurusan hutan reruang dibangunkan untuk menjana jadual tuai reruang yang dapat dilaksanakan dan melakukan analisis reruang. Konsep pengurusan hutan ini telah ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan teknik simulasi reruang untuk membantu menganalisis struktur ekosistem. Ciri-ciri reruang untuk rancangan pengurusan hutan dirian telah dibangunkan. Model ini diuji dalam Unit Perancangan Alt?noluk (APU) menggunakan teknik simulasi reruang berdasarkan pelbagai parameter reruang. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa model reruang telah berjaya memenuhi syarat-syarat sekatan reruang rancangan pengurusan hutan.

Kata kunci: Lewat hijau-naik; matriks perpecahan; perancangan hutan reruang; saiz blok; saiz pembuka

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: alikadi@ktu.edu.tr