Sains Malaysiana 44(3)(2015): 371–377

Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Pond Water Associated with Integrated Poultry-Fish Farming in Bangladesh

(Kejadian Bakteria Rintangan Antibiotik dalam Air Kolam Takungan yang Berkaitan

dengan Penternakan Ayam-Ikan Bersepadu di Bangladesh)

FARZANA ASHRAFI NEELA¹*, MST. NASRIN AKHTER BANU¹, MD. ATIQUR RAHMAN¹,

M. HABIBUR RAHMAN² & M. FIROZ ALAM¹

¹Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

²Department of Zoology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Diserahkan: 14 Julai 2014/Diterima: 6 Oktober 2014

ABSTRACT

The use of antibiotics in poultry feed can cause antibiotic resistance in integrated poultry-fish farming pond environment. Therefore, the goal of this study was to monitor the prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria in pond water associated with poultry-fish farming in Bangladesh. The results showed that the prevalence rate of tetracycline (TC) and ampicillin (AMP) resistant bacteria were 0.24 to 2.59% and 0.16 to 1.0%, respectively. The higher prevalence rate of TC and AMP-resistant bacteria was found in site 3 followed by site 4 and 2 compared with control site 1. Site 2, 3 and 4 were adjacent to the integrated poultry farm. On the other hand, higher TC and AMP-resistant bacteria were found in the rainy season than in the winter. The minimum inhibitory concentration result showed quite high level of TC and AMP-resistant bacterial distribution in the pond water. Seven genera of resistant bacteria were identified in pond water samples by 16S rRNA gene analysis. Among them Acinetobacter sp. was predominant followed by Enterococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus, Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacter sp. and Brevibacillus sp.

Keywords: Antibiotics; integrated fish farm; poultry; resistant bacteria

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan antibiotik dalam makanan ayam boleh menyebabkan penentangan antibiotik dalam persekitaran kolam penternakan bersepadu ternakan ikan. Oleh itu, matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk memantau kekerapan bakteria rintangan drug dalam air kolam yang berkaitan dengan ternakan ikan ternakan di Bangladesh. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kadar prevalens tetrasiklin (TC) dan bakteria rintangan-ampisilin (AMP) masing-masing adalah 0.24 kepada 2.59% dan 0.16 kepada 1.0%. Kadar kelaziman bakteria TC dan rintangan-AMP yang tinggi didapati dalam tapak 3 yang diikuti oleh tapak 4 dan 2 berbanding dengan kawalan tapak 1. Tapak 2, 3 dan 4 adalah bersebelahan dengan ladang ayam bersepadu. Selain itu, bakteria TC dan rintangan-AMP yang lebih tinggi ditemui dalam musim hujan daripada pada musim sejuk. Hasil kepekatan rencatan minimum menunjukkan tahap yang agak tinggi untuk pengagihan bakteria TC dan rintangan-AMP di dalam air kolam. Tujuh genus bakteria rintangan dikenal pasti dalam sampel air kolam oleh analisis gen 16 rRNA. Antaranya Acinetobacter sp. adalah pradominan diikuti oleh bakteria Enterococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus, Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacter sp. dan Brevibacillus sp.

Kata kunci: Antibiotik; ayam; bakteria rintangan; kolam ikan bersepadu

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nfarzanaashrafi@yahoo.com