Sains Malaysiana 44(8)(2015): 1129–1136

Supplementation of Psidium guajava (Guava) Fruit Polysaccharide Attenuates Paracetamol-induced Liver Injury by Enhancing the Endogenous Antioxidant Activity

(Penambahan Polisakarida Buah Psidium guajava (Jambu Batu) Mengatenuasi Aruhan Parasetamol daripada Kecederaan Hepar dengan Mempertingkatkan Aktiviti Antioksida Endogenus)

ASPALILAH ALIAS¹, FAIZAH OTHMAN¹, ABDUL RASHID LI², AQILAH KAMARUDDIN¹, RAFIZUL YUSOF¹ & FARIDA HUSSAN¹*

¹Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 27 Mei 2014/Diterima: 6 April 2015

ABSTRACT

This study was aimed to determine the effect of polysaccharide from guava fruit on paracetamol (PCM)-induced liver injury. Aqueous extract of Psidium guajava fruit was treated with 95% ethanol to collect the water soluble polysaccharide precipitates. Thirty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control (C), PPG400, PCM, PPG200+PCM and PPG400+PCM. The control and PCM groups received 0.9% normal saline orally while the rest were given 200 and 400 mg/kg of freeze-dried polysaccharide (PPG) per oral for fourteen days. At day 15, the animals were orally received PCM (2 g/kg) except the control and PPG400 groups which received 5% dimethyl sulfoxide. At day 16, the blood was collected to determine serum liver enzymes such as transaminases (AST and ALT). The liver tissue was harvested for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL6), microscopic changes and glycogen content. The PCM group showed significant higher level of AST, ALT, TNF-α and IL6 than those of group C. The PCM group showed glycogen depletion, vacuolisation, loss of cell membrane, inflammatory cells infiltration and distorted hepatocelluar cords and narrow sinusoidal spaces. However, those PCM-induced alterations were attenuated by the PPG supplementation. Therefore, the polysaccharide of Psidium guajava possesses hepatoprotective activity and can be used as a dietary supplementation for protection of liver.

Keywords: Antioxidant; guava; liver; paracetamol; polysaccharide

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kesan polisakarida daripada buah jambu batu pada parasetamol (PCM) yang menyebabkan kecederaan hepar. 95% etanol digunakan untuk mendapatkan ekstrak akueus daripada buah Psidium guajava untuk mengumpul mendakan polisakarida larut air. Tiga puluh lapan ekor tikus jantan Sprague Dawley telah dibahagikan kepada kumpulan kawalan (C), PPG400, PCM, PPG200+PCM dan PPG400+PCM. Kumpulan kawalan (C) dan PCM telah menerima 0.9% air garam secara oral manakala yang lain telah diberikan 200 dan 400 mg/kg serbuk polisakarida (PPG) melalui oral dalam masa empat belas hari. Pada hari 15, semua haiwan menerima PCM (2 g/kg) secara oral kecuali kumpulan kawalan dan PPG400 menerima 5% dimetil sulfoksid. Pada hari 16, darah diambil untuk mengetahui enzim serum hepar seperti transaminase (AST dan ALT). Tisu hepar telah diambil untuk mengetahui tahap superoksida dismutase (SOD), glutation (GSH), nekrosis tumor faktor - α (TNF -α), interleukin -6 (IL6), perubahan mikroskopik dan kandungan glikogen. Kumpulan PCM menunjukkan tahap signifikan yang lebih tinggi pada AST, ALT, TNF-α dan IL6 berbanding dengan kumpulan C. Kumpulan PCM menunjukkan kekurangan glikogen, pemvakuolan, kehilangan sel membran, infiltrasi sel-sel inflamasi, perubahan pada korda hepatosel dan ruang sinusoidal mengecil. Walau bagaimanapun, apa-apa perubahan yang disebabkan PCM telah dibantu oleh suplemen PPG ini. Oleh itu, polisakarida daripada Psidium guajava mempunyai aktiviti hepatopelindung dan ia boleh digunakan sebagai suplemen pemakanan untuk perlindungan hepar.

Kata kunci: Antioksida; jambu batu; hepar; parasetamol; polisakarida

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: khinpapah@gmail.com