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Sains Malaysiana 45(12)(2016): 1887–1896 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2016-4512-13 Kajian Ketumpatan Lineamen dalam Penilaian
Potensi Jatuhan Batuan di Kawasan Lembah Kinta (Study of Lineament Density in Potential
Evaluation of Rock Fall in Kinta Valley) MUHAMMAD
FAHMI
ABDUL
GHANI1*,
NORBERT
SIMON1,
GOH
THIAN
LAI1,
TUAN ROSLI
TUAN
MOHAMED2
& ABDUL GHANI RAFEK3 1Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran
& Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains & Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 2Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains Perak,
Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia 3Jabatan Geosains, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan,
Malaysia Diserahkan:
25 Mac 2016/Diterima: 19 Ogos 2016 ABSTRAK Perbukitan batu kapur di Lembah
Kinta membentuk landskap muka bumi yang unik dan indah hasil daripada
proses pelarutan batuan karbonat. Namun begitu, bergantung kepada
kawasan perbukitan batu kapur tersebut, kehadiran pelbagai struktur
geologi seperti struktur retakan dan kekar yang ekstensif mampu
memberi ancaman kepada manusia dan harta benda. Kajian ini bertujuan
melihat hubungan antara ketumpatan lineamen dan tahap kestabilan
tujuh cerun gunung batu kapur di Lembah Kinta, Malaysia. Kajian
ini terbahagi kepada dua peringkat, iaitu pemetaan ketumpatan
lineamen dan penilaian kestabilan cerun dengan menggunakan kaedah
Kekuatan Jasad Batuan (RMS).
Sebanyak 599 lineamen rantau dikenal pasti dengan panjang keseluruhan
lineamen mencapai 317 km. Seterusnya, peta ketumpatan lineamen
yang dihasilkan dikelaskan kepada tiga kelas: Rendah (137.0-84.23)
m, sederhana (84.22-46.83) m dan tinggi (46.82-0.0) m. Kaedah
RMS yang
dijalankan di lapangan pula adalah bertujuan bagi mengesahkan
peta ketumpatan lineamen yang dihasilkan. Sebanyak dua belas stesen
dinilai dengan tujuh parameter RMS iaitu kekuatan bahan batuan, tahap luluhawa, bukaan
kekar, orientasi kekar, kelebaran kekar, ketakselanjaran dan aliran
air bawah tanah. Setiap cerun yang dinilai dikelaskan kepada lima
kumpulan daripada sangat lemah hingga sangat kuat. Skor RMS berdasarkan jumlah akhir setiap
parameter yang dinilai. Hampir kesemua stesen yang dicerap berada
pada kelas sederhana (Gunung Rapat, Datok, Kandu, Panjang, A,
Tempurung) manakala hanya satu stesen (Gunung Lang) berada pada
kelas lemah. Korelasi antara peta ketumpatan lineamen dan skor
RMS menunjukkan korelasi yang
baik dengan 73% ketepatan. Ini menunjukkan bahawa kestabilan cerun
di Lembah Kinta dipengaruhi secara langsung oleh ketumpatan lineamen
rantau. Kata kunci: Batu kapur; jatuhan
batuan; kekuatan jasad batuan; ketumpatan lineamen; Lembah Kinta ABSTRACT Limestone hills in Kinta Valley
formed a prominent natural beauty to the landscape due to its
unique features formed by dissolution of carbonate rocks. However,
depending from where the hill is situated, it may exposes threat
to humans and properties due to the existence of many geological
structures such as extensive joints and fractures. The purpose
of this study was to examine the relationship between lineament
density map and stability of seven limestone hills in Kinta Valley,
Malaysia. Methods in this study were divided into two stages,
namely the lineament density map and evaluation of the slope stability
using the rock mass strength (RMS) method. A total of 599 lineaments were identified with
the total length of 317 km. Lineament density map is further classified
into three classes: Low (137.0-84.23), medium (84.22-46.83) and
high (46.82-0.0). The purpose of RMS is to validate rockfall susceptibility
as portrayed in the lineament density map. A total of 12 assessment
stations for each of the hills were conducted using the rock mass
strength system (RMS). The geological conditions of the
hills were assessed by using seven components of the RMS,
these are intact rock strength, weathering, joint width, joint
orientation, joint width, discontinuity and ground water flow.
Subsequently, the hills are classified into very strong, strong,
moderate, weak, or very weak based on the sum of ratings for all
the components. The results observed in the field showed that
almost all stations are classified into the medium class (Gunung
A, Rapat, Datok, Lang, Kandu, Panjang and Tempurung), only one
station (Gunung Lang) is classified in the weak class. The lineament
density map and the RMS scores
are correlated well with 73% accuracy. This shows that the stability
of slopes in Kinta Valley is directly affected by regional lineament
density. Keywords: Kinta Valley; limestone; lineament density; rock fall;
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Jabatan Mineral & Geosains, Malaysia, Perak. *Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: fahmighani@icloud.com
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