Sains Malaysiana 45(3)(2016): 383–392

Improving the Productivity of Acid Sulfate Soils for Rice Cultivation using Limestone, Basalt, Organic Fertilizer and/or their Combinations

(Meningkatkan Produktiviti Tanah Asid Sulfat Tanaman Padi menggunakan Batu Kapur,

Basalt, Baja Organik dan/atau Gabungannya)

 

J. SHAMSHUDDIN*, Q.A. PANHWAR, M.A.R.S. SHAZANA, A.A. ELISA, C.I. FAUZIAH  

& U.A. NAHER

 

Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia

43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 23 Januari 2015/Diterima: 23 September 2015

 

 

ABSTRACT

Acid sulfate soils are generally not suitable for the crop production unless they are efficiently improved. A study was conducted to improve the productivity of acid sulfate soils for rice cultivation using ground magnesium limestone (GML), basalt and organic fertilizer. The study was conducted on rice in laboratory, glasshouse and field. The pH of acid sulfate soils was low and exchangeable Al was very high which affected rice growth. The application of GML and basalt increased soil pH and reduced Al toxicity. GML required to ameliorate the soils for rice cultivation was 4 t ha-1. Basalt in combination with organic fertilizer was a good soil amendment, but required to be applied a few months ahead of rice cultivation. Due to GML or basalt application, rice plants grew well even though water pH was below 5. The highest rice yield obtained was 4.0 t ha-1 season-1 for Sulfaquepts and it was 7.5 t ha-1 season-1 for Sulfosaprists. In general, the application of GML or basalt in combination with organic fertilizer improved the productivity of acid sulfate soils and consequently enhanced rice yield.

 

Keywords: Acid sulfate soil; aluminum toxicity; iron toxicity; rice production; soil amendments

 

ABSTRAK

Asid tanah sulfat secara amnya tidak sesuai untuk pengeluaran tanaman kecuali ditambah baik secara cekap. Suatu kajian telah dijalankan untuk meningkatkan produktiviti tanah sulfat asid untuk penanaman padi menggunakan batu kapur magnesium (GML), basalt dan baja organik. Kajian telah dijalankan ke atas tanaman padi di dalam makmal, rumah kaca dan lapangan. pH tanah adalah rendah dan pertukaran Al yang sangat tinggi memberi kesan kepada pertumbuhan padi. Aplikasi GML dan basalt ini meningkatkan pH tanah dan mengurangkan ketoksikan Al. GML yang diperlukan untuk memperbaiki tanah bagi penanaman padi adalah 4 t ha-1. Gabungan basalt dengan baja organik adalah baik untuk memperbaiki keadaan tanah tetapi perlu diletakkan beberapa bulan lebih awal sebelum padi ditanam. Penggunaan GML dan basalt menyebabkan tanaman padi menbesar dengan baik walaupun pH air adalah di bawah 5. Untuk Sulfaquepts, hasil padi tertinggi yang diperoleh ialah 4.0 t ha-1 musim-1 manakala bagi Sulfosaprists adalah 7.5 t ha-1 musim-1. Pada amnya, aplikasi GML atau basalt bersama baja organik akan meningkatkan produktiviti tanah asid sulfat sekaligus meningkatkan hasil padi.

 

Kata kunci: Ketoksikan aluminium; ketoksikan ferum; penambahbaikan tanah; pengeluaran padi; tanah asid sulfat

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: shamsud@upm.edu.my

 

 

 

 

 

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