Sains Malaysiana 46(10)(2017): 1709–1719

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4610-06

Kepelbagaian dan Kelimpahan Foraminifera di Sedimen Permukaan Sekitar Delta Sungai Kelantan, Malaysia

(Diversity and Abundance of Foraminifera at Surface Sediment along Sungai Kelantan Delta, Malaysia)

NORASWANA NOR FAIZ*, KAMAL ROSLAN MOHAMED, RAMLAN OMAR & ZULKHAIRI AKMAR AHMAD

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 28 April 2016/Diterima: 12 September 2017

ABSTRAK

Suatu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kepelbagaian dan kelimpahan foraminifera di sedimen permukaan sekitar delta Sungai Kelantan memandangkan kajian foraminifera terutamanya di perairan marin Malaysia amat kurang. Sejumlah 22 stesen daripada dua garisan transek telah ditentukan sebagai kawasan persampelan. Sebanyak 10,317 individu foraminifera yang terdiri daripada 27 famili, 34 genus dan 55 spesies telah ditemui di kawasan kajian. Secara keseluruhannya, famili Hauerinidae mencatatkan kepelbagaian spesies tertinggi (10 spesies) manakala famili paling dominan dengan jumlah individu tertinggi ialah Rotaliidae (26.14%). Spesies dominan dan paling melimpah di kawasan kajian ialah Asterorotalia pulchella (17.24%) dan Operculina ammonoides (10.19%). Indeks kepelbagaian spesies, H’ yang dicatatkan ialah antara 0.5 hingga 3.1 manakala indeks kekayaan spesies, α adalah antara 1.5 hingga 7.9. Kelimpahan dan kepelbagaian spesies tertinggi (α=7.9, H’=3.1) dicatatkan pada stesen 21 yang terletak di laut terbuka dengan kedalaman air sebanyak 36.8 m dan bersaliniti 32.2 ppt mendekati laut normal. Nilai H’ dan α terendah dicatatkan pada stesen yang berdekatan dengan muara sungai yang cetek dan bersaliniti lebih rendah. Secara keseluruhannya, nilai indeks kepelbagaian yang dicatatkan di kawasan kajian adalah menepati persekitaran marin berair cetek. Kesimpulannya, kepelbagaian dan kelimpahan foraminifera di kawasan kajian dipengaruhi oleh kedalaman dan saliniti air.

Kata kunci: Delta Sungai Kelantan; foraminifera; kelimpahan; kepelbagaian

ABSTRACT

A study was conducted to determine the diversity and abundance of surface sediment foraminifera at the delta of Sungai Kelantan as information on foraminifera, especially in Malaysia marine waters, is scarce. A total of 22 stations from two transects were designated as sampling areas. A total of 10,317 individuals belonging to 27 families, 34 genera and 55 species of foraminifera were found in the study area. Family Hauerinidae, with 10 species recorded, had the highest species diversity while Rotaliidae was the family with most abundant individuals (26.14%). The dominant and abundant species in the study area were Asterorotalia pulchella (17.24%) and Operculina ammonoides (10.19%). The species diversity index, H’ and species richness index, α recorded were between 0.5 and 3.1 and 1.5 and 7.9, respectively. The highest abundance and diversity of species (α=7.9, H’=3.1) was recorded at station 21 as this station was located in open sea with a depth of 36.8 m and salinity at 32.2 ppt, close to normal marine salinity. The lowest H’ and α values were recorded for stations near estuary with shallow waters and lower salinity. In general, the diversity index recorded at the delta of Sungai Kelantan belongs to the shallow water of marine environments. In conclusion, the diversity and abundance of foraminifera at the delta of Sungai Kelantan was influenced by the depth of its waters and salinity.

Keywords: Abundance; diversity; foraminifera; Sungai Kelantan delta

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