Sains Malaysiana 46(1)(2017): 35–41

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4601-05

Somatic Embryogenesis on Plumule and Radicle Explants Obtained from Warm Water Hydroprimed Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Kunduru and cv. Cakmak Seeds

(Embriogenesis Soma ke atas Plumul dan Radikel Eksplan diperoleh daripada Benih Gandum

Air Panas Hidroprim (Triticum aestivum L.) kv. Kunduru dan Cakmak)

PARISA POURALI KAHRIZ & MAHSA POURALI KAHRIZ*

Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06110 D?şkap?, Ankara

Turkey

Diserahkan: 5 November 2014/Diterima: 22 April 2016

ABSTRACT

Advances in wheat biotechnology and in vitro somatic embryogenesis (SE) provide new openings to faster application of these techniques in functional genomic studies, genetic engineering and plant breeding. This study reports in vitro SE using plumule and radicle explants of two wheat cultivars Cakmak and Kunduru on MS induction medium amended with varying concentrations of 2,4-D. Both plumule and radicle explants were regenerative and induced variable number of somatic embryos per explant. Explants and treatment methods affected in vitro SE irrespective of the genotypes used in the study. Although 100% SE was noted on both explants of two cultivars, plumule explants of both genotypes induced heavy and larger friable calli followed by somatic embryogenic calli in terms of weight. Plumule explants also induced large numbers of shoot buds and somatic embryo-induced maturing shoots per explant. The in vitro raised plantlets were successfully rooted followed by hardening and acclimatisation in pots containing peat moss in mist house. After 7 days from weaning, these plants were transferred to a shade house to grow and set flowers. Water spray containing 0.50 μg of NPK (1:1:1) was given at intervals of 4 d to enhance success rate of acclimatised plants. Success rates of 96 and 80% were noted on plumule and radicle-induced plants, respectively. It is further concluded that use of this novel methodology would favorably facilitate its use in genetic transformation and functional genomic studies.

Keywords: In vitro; plumule; radicle; regeneration; wheat

ABSTRAK

Kemajuan dalam bioteknologi gandum dan embriogenesis soma (SE) in vitro membuka peluang baru untuk aplikasi pantas teknik ini dalam kajian fungsian genom, kejuruteraan genetik dan pembiakan tumbuhan. Kajian ini melaporkan SE in vitro menggunakan eksplan plumul dan radikel daripada dua kultivar gandum Cakmak dan Kunduru ke atas MS induksi medium in vitro yang dipinda dengan kepekatan berbeza 2,4-D. Kedua-dua eksplan plumul dan radikel telah terjana semula dan mengaruh bilangan pemboleh ubah soma embrio setiap eksplan. Kaedah eksplan dan rawatan mempengaruhi in vitro SE tanpa mengira genotip yang digunakan dalam kajian ini. Walaupun 100% SE telah dicatat pada kedua-dua eksplan daripada dua kultivar, eksplan plumul dari kedua-dua genotip mengaruh calli yang berat dan lebih besar repui diikuti SE calli daripada sudut berat. Eksplan plumul juga mengaruh sebilangan besar daripada tunas pucuk dan pucuk matang soma embrio-teraruh setiap eksplan. Anak tumbuhan yang ditanam secara in vitro yang telah berjaya berakar umbi diikuti dengan pengerasan dan penyesuaian dalam pasu yang mengandungi mos gambut di rumah kabus. Selepas 7 hari penyapihan, tumbuh-tumbuhan ini telah dipindahkan ke satu rumah peneduh untuk membesar dan mengeluarkan bunga. Semburan air yang mengandungi 0.50 μg NPK (1:1:1) telah diberikan pada selang 4 hari untuk meningkatkan kadar kejayaan penyesuaian tumbuh-tumbuhan. Kadar kejayaan 96 dan 80% dicatat masing-masing ke atas tumbuh-tumbuhan plumul dan radikel. Dapat disimpulkan bahawa penggunaan kaedah novel ini akan menggalakkan kemudahan penggunaannya dalam transformasi genetik dan kajian fungsian genom.

Kata kunci: Gandum; in vitro; plumul; radikel; penjanaan semula

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mahsapourali7@gmail.com