Sains Malaysiana 46(1)(2017): 43–50

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4601-06

Biodegradation of Tapis Crude Oil Using Consortium of Bacteria and Fungi: Optimization of Crude Oil Concentration and Duration of Incubation by Response Surface Methodology

(Biodegradasi Minyak Mentah Tapis Menggunakan Konsortium Bakteria dan Kulat: Pengoptimuman Kepekatan Minyak Mentah dan Tempoh Pengeraman dengan Kaedah Gerak Balas Permukaan)

AINON HAMZAH*, VIDYAH MANIKAN & NUR AIN FATHIHA ABD AZIZ

School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 2 April 2015/Diterima: 14 April 2016

ABSTRACT

Response surface analysis was conducted to optimize the concentrations of Tapis crude oil and duration of incubation in order to achieve optimal microbial growth and crude oil biodegradation. Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was employed, where the design contained 13 experimental runs with different combinations of incubation time and crude oil concentration. The cultures containing mineral salt medium (MSM) with varying crude oil concentrations were incubated at 30°C, pH6.5 with 150 rpm agitation for 120-336 h. The inoculum contained a consortium of previously identified as oil degrading bacteria and fungi, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa UKMP-14T, Acinetobacter baumannii UKMP-12T and Trichoderma sp. UKMP-1M and UKMP-2M. The analysis showed the duration of incubation plays a significant role (p<0.05) in affecting the bacterial growth and percentage of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) biodegradation, meanwhile concentrations of Tapis crude oil has insignificant effect on the responses. Interaction of the two variables was found to be significant in affecting all the three responses, namely bacterial population, fungal biomass and percentage of TPH biodegradation. It was predicted through the CCRD that the percentage of biodegradation can be optimized to reach 86% on the 270th h when 5% (v/v) crude oil was used. This predicted value was verified to be achievable and reproducible through validation experiments.

Keywords: Biodegradation; crude oil; response surface methodology

ABSTRAK

Analisis gerak balas permukaan digunakan untuk mengoptimumkan kepekatan minyak mentah Tapis (yang ditemui dalam perairan Malaysia) dan tempoh pengeraman untuk mencapai pertumbuhan mikrob dan biodegradasi minyak mentah yang optimum. Reka Bentuk Gubahan Memusat Berputar (CCRD) telah digunakan, dengan 13 larian reka bentuk eksperimen kombinasi kepekatan minyak mentah dan tempoh pengeraman yang berbeza. Kultur yang ditumbuhkan dalam medium garam mineral (MSM) dengan kepekatan minyak mentah yang berbeza dieram pada suhu 30°C dan pH6.5 dengan kadar goncangan 150 psm bagi tempoh eraman 120-336 jam. Inokulum yang digunakan mengandungi konsortium bakteria dan kulat pengurai minyak yang telah dikenal pasti dalam kajian sebelumnya, iaitu Pseudomonas aeruginosa UKMP-14T, Acinetobacter baumannii UKMP-12T dan Trichoderma sp. UKMP-1M dan UKMP-2M. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tempoh masa eraman memainkan peranan yang signifikan (p<0.05) dalam mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bakteria dan peratus biodegradasi, manakala kepekatan minyak mentah Tapis tidak memainkan peranan yang signifikan. Interaksi antara dua pemboleh ubah juga didapati mempunyai kesan yang signifikan ke atas ketiga-tiga gerak balas yang dikaji, iaitu populasi bakteria, biojisim kulat dan peratus biodegradasi minyak mentah. Berdasarkan perisian CCRD, peratus biodegradasi yang optimum, iaitu 86% boleh dicapai pada jam yang ke-270 apabila 5% (v/v) minyak mentah digunakan. Jangkaan kombinasi optimum ini telah diuji dan disahkan melalui eksperimen.

Kata kunci: Analisis gerak balas permukaan; biodegradasi; minyak mentah

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: antara@ukm.edu.my