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Sains Malaysiana 46(4)(2017): 589–595 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4604-11
Effects of the Aqueous
Extracts of Rhodamnia cinerea on Metabolic Indices and Sorbitol-Related
Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Rats (Kesan Ekstrak Akues
Rhodamnia cinerea terhadap Indeks Metabolik dan Komplikasi
Berkaitan Sorbitol dalam
Tikus Diabetik Jenis 2) MUSTAPHA
UMAR
IMAM1,
MAZNAH
ISMAIL1,2*
& SASIKALA M CHINNAPPAN3 1Laboratory
of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra
Malaysia 43400
UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia 2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 3Biotropics Malaysia Berhad, Jalan
Pantai Baharu, 50672 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory Malaysia Diserahkan:
26 November 2015/Diterima: 29 September 2016 ABSTRACT There is growing interest
in the use of plant bioresources for managing type 2 diabetes. In
this study, Rhodamnia cinerea, which is used traditionally to manage diseases
in Malaysia, was explored for its antidiabetic effects. Type 2 diabetic
rats were managed for 4 weeks using aqueous extract of R. cinerea
or quercetin. Weights and fasting glucose were measured weekly,
while serum lipid profiles, insulin, antioxidant status, urea, creatinine
and liver enzymes were assayed at the end. Sorbitol contents, antioxidant
capacities and aldose reductase activities of the kidney, lens and
sciatic nerve were also assessed. The results showed that the aqueous
extract of R. Cinerea mainly contained Myricitrin and it
reduced glycemia (p>0.05), lipid profiles (p<0.05),
F2-isoprostanes (p<0.05) and overall metabolic condition
of type 2 diabetic rats. R. cinerea also attenuated sorbitol
contents of the nerve (p<0.05) and kidney (p<0.05),
partly through regulating the activity of aldose reductase (p<0.05
for nerve) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (p<0.05 for kidney)
in comparison with diabetic untreated group. Quercetin is a known
aldose reductase inhibitor and can improve several metabolic indices
related to Type 2 diabetes. In this study, the results of R.
cinerea were comparable to or better than those of quercetin,
suggesting that R. cinerea extract can be a good candidate
for managing Type 2 diabetes and its complications related to sorbitol
accumulation. Keywords: Aldose reductase;
Rhodamnia cinerea; sorbitol; Type 2
diabetes ABSTRAK Terdapat minat yang
meningkat dalam penggunaan sumber biologi tumbuhan untuk menguruskan
Diabetes Jenis 2. Dalam kajian ini, Rhodamnia cinerea yang digunakan
secara tradisi untuk menguruskan penyakit di Malaysia, telah dikaji
untuk kesan antidiabetik. Tikus diabetik Jenis 2 dikendalikan selama
4 minggu menggunakan ekstrak akues R. cinerea atau quersetin.
Berat dan paras glukosa puasa diukur setiap minggu, manakala profil
serum lipid, insulin, status antioksidan, urea, kreatinin dan enzim
hati telah dicerakin pada peringkat akhir. Kandungan sorbitol, kapasiti
antioksidan dan aktiviti aldosa reduktase buah pinggang, kanta dan
saraf skiatik turut dinilai. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak
akues R. cinerea mengandungi Myricitrin dan memperbaiki glisemia
(p>0.05), profil lipid (p<0.05), F2-isoprostanes
(p<0.05) dan keadaan keseluruhan metabolik tikus Diabetes
Jenis 2 R. cinerea juga mengurangkan kandungan sorbitol pada
saraf (p<0.05) dan buah pinggang (p<0.05), sebahagiannya
melalui kawal selia aktiviti aldosa reduktase (p<0.05
untuk saraf) dan sorbitol dehydrogenase (p<0.05 untuk
buah pinggang) jika dibandingkan dengan kumpulan yang tidak dirawat.
Quersetin adalah perencat aldosa reduktase yang dikenal pasti dan
boleh meningkatkan beberapa indeks metabolik yang berkaitan Diabetes
Jenis 2. Dalam kajian ini, hasil kajian R. cinerea adalah
setanding dengan atau lebih baik daripada quersetin, justeru menunjukkan
bahawa ekstrak R. cinerea boleh menjadi calon yang berpotensi
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