Sains Malaysiana 46(7)(2017): 1025–1031

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4607-03

The Effect of Graphene Content on the Structure and Conductivity of Cellulose/Graphene Composite

(Kesan Kandungan Grafin terhadap Struktur dan Kekonduksian Komposit Selulosa/Grafin)

FARZANA ABD HAMID¹, FAUZANI MD SALLEH¹*, NOR SABIRIN MOHAMED²

& SYED BAHARI RAMADZAN SYED ADNAN²

¹Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Physic Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 18 Oktober 2016/Diterima: 17 Februari 2017

ABSTRACT

The effect of graphene content on the structure and conductivity of an eco-friendly cellulose/ graphene (CG) composite was investigated. Different compositions of graphene content from 0 to 70 wt. % were prepared using the sol-gel method. Ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride was used to disperse graphene between the cellulose. The investigation showed that CG composite with higher graphene composition exhibits higher conductivity. The highest conductivity (2.85×10^-4 S cm^-1) was observed at 60 wt. % graphene composition. Sample without graphene showed the lowest conductivity of 1.77×10^-7 S cm^-1, which acts as an insulator. The high conductivity of CG composite can be associated with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The XRD patterns of α-cellulose exhibits a decrease in crystallinity at peak 15° and 22° due to the depolymerization in CG composite. At 60 wt. % composition, XRD pattern showed the decrease in intensity at peak 26° indicates that graphene is more dispersed in the cellulose mixture. This is supported by Fourier transform infrared spectrum of CG composite where the absorption peaks of C-O stretching are weakened at wavelength of 1163 and 1032 cm^-1, suggested dehydration and rupture of cellulose. The dehydration and rupture of cellulose result in the high conductivity of CG composite. This research is believed to provide an eco-friendly method to produce cellulose/graphene composite which is useful in future applications of energy.

Keywords: Cellulose/graphene composite; conductivity; ionic liquid; XRD pattern

ABSTRAK

Kesan kandungan grafin terhadap struktur dan kekonduksian komposit selulosa/grafin (CG) mesra alam telah dikaji. Komposisi berbeza kandungan grafin daripada 0 kepada 70 % bt. telah disediakan melalui kaedah sol-gel. Cecair ionik 1-butil-3-metil-imidazolium klorida telah digunakan untuk menyebarkan grafin antara selulosa. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa komposit CG dengan komposisi grafin yang lebih tinggi mempamerkan kekonduksian lebih tinggi. Kekonduksian tertinggi (2.85×10^-4 S cm^-1) diperhatikan pada komposisi 60 % bt. grafin. Sampel tanpa grafin menunjukkan kekonduksian terendah 1.77×10^-7 S cm^-1 yang bertindak sebagai penebat. Kekonduksian tinggi komposit CG boleh dikaitkan dengan corak pembelauan sinar-X (XRD). Corak XRD α-selulosa menunjukkan penurunan penghabluran pada puncak 15° dan 22° yang mungkin disebabkan oleh penceraian polimer pada komposit CG. Pada komposisi 60 % bt., corak XRD menunjukkan penurunan dalam keamatan di puncak 26° yang menunjukkan bahawa grafin lebih tersebar dalam campuran selulosa. Ini disokong oleh spektrum inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR) komposit CG, dengan puncak penyerapan regangan C-O menjadi lemah pada panjang gelombang 1163 dan 1032 cm^-1, mencadangkan berlakunya dehidrasi dan perpecahan di dalam selulosa. Hal ini menyebabkan kekonduksian yang tinggi pada komposit CG. Kajian ini dipercayai untuk menyediakan satu kaedah yang mesra alam bagi menghasilan komposit selulosa/grafin yang berguna dalam aplikasi tenaga pada masa hadapan.

Kata kunci: Cecair ionik; corak XRD; kekonduksian; komposit selulosa/grafin

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: alya5288@um.edu.my