Sains Malaysiana 46(8)(2017): 1171–1181

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4608-02

The Potential Use of Oil Palm Frond Mulch Treated with Imazethapyr for Weed Control in Malaysian Coconut Plantation

(Potensi Penggunaan Sungkup Pelepah Kelapa Sawit yang Dirawat dengan Imazethapyr untuk Mengawal Rumpai Ladang Kelapa di Malaysia)

DILIPKUMAR MASILAMANY¹, MAZIRA CHE MAT² & CHUAH TSE SENG²*

¹Inbred Rice Program, Rice Research Center, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), MARDI Seberang Perai, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

²School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 12 Oktober 2016/Diterima: 4 Januari 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction of new weed management strategy for coconut plantation in Malaysia is essential since the current weed control methods are less effective and highly herbicide dependent, thus leading to development of herbicide resistance in weeds as well as environmental and human health concerns. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of oil palm frond mulch treated with imazethapyr at a reduced rate on weed emergence and growth. The results of glasshouse experiments have shown that imazethapyr at 12 g a.i. ha^-1 in combination with oil palm residues of leaflet (OPL), rachis (OPR) or frond (OPF) at rates of 1.4-1.8 t ha-1 inhibited Eleusine indica emergence and growth by 90-100%, implying that imazethapyr is compatible with oil palm residue mulches. In the field experiment, hand weeding followed by OPF at 3.4 t ha^-1 treated with imazethapyr at 24 g a.i. ha^-1 have demonstrated excellent control of Mikania micrantha, Asystasia gangetica, Phyllanthus amarus, Panicum sp. and Echinochloa colona by reducing their total dry weight up to 95% at three months after treatment. The present results suggested that the integration of chemical, physical and mechanical methods can provide effective weed control in the coconut plantation for months.

Keywords: Coconut plantation; imazethapyr; Malaysia; mulch-herbicide interaction; oil palm frond

ABSTRAK

Pengenalan strategi pengurusan rumpai baharu untuk ladang kelapa di Malaysia adalah penting memandangkan kaedah kawalan rumpai sedia ada kurang berkesan dan sangat bergantung kepada racun rumpai, sekaligus membawa kepada pembangunan daya tahun racun rumpai ke atas rumpai serta kebimbangan kepada alam sekitar dan kesihatan manusia. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesan fitotoksik sungkup pelepah kelapa sawit yang dirawat dengan imazethapyr pada kadar yang lebih rendah untuk mengawal kemunculan dan pertumbuhan rumpai. Keputusan uji kaji rumah kaca telah menunjukkan bahawa imazethapyr pada 12 g a.i. ha^-1 yang dicampur dengan sisa anak daun kelapa sawit (OPL), rakis (OPR) atau pelepah (OPF) pada kadar 1.4-1.8 t ha^-1 merencat kemunculan dan pertumbuhan Eleusine indica sebanyak 90-100%, yang menunjukkan bahawa imazethapyr adalah serasi dengan sisa sungkup kelapa sawit. Dalam kajian lapangan, merumput diikuti OPF pada kadar 3.4 t ha^-1 yang telah dirawat dengan imazethapyr pada 24 g a.i. ha^-1 menunjukkan kawalan yang cemerlang untukMikania micrantha, Asystasia gangetica, Phyllanthus amarus, Panicum sp. danEchinochloa colona dengan berkurangnya jumlah berat kering sehingga 95% selama tiga bulan selepas rawatan. Keputusan kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa integrasi kaedah kimia, fizikal dan mekanik berkesan mengawal rumpai di ladang kelapa untuk berbulan-bulan lamanya.

Kata kunci: Imazethapyr; interaksi sungkupan-racun rumpai; ladang kelapa; Malaysia; pelepah kelapa sawit

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: chuahts@umt.edu.my