Sains Malaysiana 46(9)(2017): 1587–1595

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-30

 

Yield and Bunch Quality Component Comparison between Two-Way Crosses and Multi-Way Crosses of DxP Oil Palm Progenies

(Perbandingan antara Kacuk Dua Hala dengan Kacuk Pelbagai Hala bagi Hasil dan Komponen Tandan dalam Progeni DxP Kelapa Sawit)

 

KANDHA SRITHARAN^1,2*, MOHAN SUBRAMANIAM¹, XAVIAR ARULANDOO¹ & MOHD RAFII YUSOP²

 

¹United Plantations Berhad, 36009 Teluk Intan, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

 

²Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 15 November 2016/Diterima: 21 Mac 2017

 

ABSTRACT

Breeding for hybrid DxP oil palm in many commercial seed producers has recently switched from simple two-way crosses to complicated multi-way crosses with the hope of increasing hybrid vigour and thus higher yield potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield potential of the multi-way (MW) crosses as compared to conventional two way (TW) crosses in United Plantations Berhad. A trial was set up in 2004 where 20 crosses of both multi-way and two-way combinations were field planted and evaluated for six years after maturity. Palms were assessed for yield traits and bunch components through bunch analysis. Fresh fruit bunch weight for both types of crosses was significantly different with MW crosses yielding 37.11 tonnes per ha per year as opposed to TW crosses with 36.40. MW crosses had 1.46 tonnes oil per ha per year advantage over TW. High coefficient of variation (CV%) was seen for selected traits such as bunch number (BNO), average bunch weight (ABW), kernel, shell and mesocarp to bunch (KB, SB and MB), oil to dry and oil to wet mesocarp (ODM and OWM), as well as mean fruit weight (MFW). ANOVA showed that replicate (REP), year (Y) and progeny (ID) were significantly different (p≤0.01) for BNO and fresh fruit bunch (FFB) in both crosses but not significant for REP in ABW of TW. REP was not significant for all the traits except ODM whereas ID was significant for all the traits in both TW and MW. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variance (PCV and GCV) were low (<10%) for all the traits in both types of crosses with MW crosses showing higher PCV and GCV in most cases. Heritability for ABW, FFB, KB, oil to bunch (OB), SB and MFW were higher in MW crosses but lower for BNO, fruit to bunch (FB), MB, ODM and OWM compared to TW crosses.

 

Keywords: Breeding; multi-way; oil palm; two-way; yield

 

ABSTRAK

Pembiakan hibrid DxP minyak sawit oleh kebanyakan pengeluar benih komersial baru-baru ini telah beralih daripada jenis kacuk dua hala kepada kacuk pelbagai hala dengan harapan meningkatkan kecergasan hibrid dan seterusnya meningkatkan hasil. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menilai potensi hasil daripada kacuk pelbagai hala (MW) berbanding kacuk konvensional dua hala (TW) di United Plantations Berhad. Kajian telah dijalankan pada tahun 2004 dengan 20 kacuk pelbagai hala dan dua hala ditanam dan dinilai untuk enam tahun selepas matang. Pokok telah dinilai untuk ciri hasil dan komponen tandan melalui analisis tandan. Berat tandan untuk kedua-dua jenis kacuk berbeza secara signifikan dengan kacuk MW menghasilkan 37.11 tan metrik sehektar setahun berbanding dengan TW dengan 36.40. Kacuk MW mempunyai kelebihan minyak 1.46 tan metrik sehektar setahun berbanding TW. Pekali variasi (CV%) tinggi diperhatikan untuk ciri bilangan tandan (BNO), purata berat tandan (ABW), kernel, kulit dan mesokarpa dalam tandan (KB, SB dan MB), minyak kering dan minyak dalam mesokarpa basah (ODM dan OWM) serta berat biji lerai (MFW). ANOVA menunjukkan bahawa replikasi (REP), tahun (Y) dan progeni (ID) berbeza secara signifikan (p≤0.01) untuk BNO dan berat buah segar (FFB) dalam kedua-dua jenis kacuk tetapi tidak signifikan dalam REP untuk ABW dalam TW. REP didapati tidak signifikan untuk semua ciri kecuali ODM sedangkan ID adalah signifikan untuk semua ciri dalam TW dan MW. Pekali varians fenotip dan genotip (PCV dan GCV) adalah rendah (<10%) untuk semua ciri dalam kedua-dua jenis kacuk dengan MW menunjukkan PCV dan GCV yang lebih tinggi dalam kebanyakan kes. Keterwarisan untuk ABW, BTS, KB, minyak dalam tandan (OB), SB dan MFW adalah lebih tinggi dalam MW tetapi lebih rendah untuk BNO, buah-buahan dalam tandan (FB), MB, ODM dan OWM berbanding kacuk TW.

 

Kata kunci: Dua-hala; hasil; kelapa sawit; pelbagai-hala; pembiakan

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: kandha27@yahoo.com