Sains Malaysiana 47(1)(2018): 117–122

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4701-14

Chemical Constituents of Malaysian Apis mellifera Propolis

(Juzuk Kimia Propolis Apis mellifera Malaysia)

TUAN NADRAH NAIM TUAN ISMAIL¹, SITI AMRAH SULAIMAN², KANNAN THIRUMULU PONNURAJ^1,3, CHE NIN MAN⁴ & NORUL BADRIAH HASSAN^2*

¹School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

²Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

³Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

⁴National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 27 Mac 2015/Diterima: 7 Jun 2017

ABSTRACT

Propolis is a resinous material collected by honey bees from various plant sources. The chemical constituents differ depending on the source of vegetation area. To date, no study of the chemical constituents of Apis mellifera propolis from Malaysia has been reported. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the chemical constituents of Malaysian Apis mellifera propolis. Raw propolis samples were collected from Acacia mangium apiary from northern and southern regions of Peninsular Malaysia and were extracted using 70% ethanol. Then, the ethanolic extracts were evaporated and were lyophilized to dryness. The silylated compounds were identified by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). The compounds were characterised by comparison with NIST0² and Wiley275 libraries. Twenty-six individual compounds were identified and β-panasinsene was identified for the first time in propolis. The main compounds identified from both southern and northern regions of Peninsular Malaysia were terpenoids. Terpenoids belong to an important class in the propolis compounds due to its valuable biological properties. The amount of terpenoids ranged from 7.19 to 11.46% indicating that although the main plant source for both regions was Acacia mangium, other shrubs and fruit orchards surrounding the two apiaries may differ which may contribute to the variations.

Keywords: Ethanolic extract; GC-MS; Malaysian propolis

ABSTRAK

Propolis adalah bahan resin yang dipungut oleh lebah madu daripada pelbagai sumber tumbuh-tumbuhan. Juzuk kimia berbeza bergantung kepada sumber kawasan tumbuh-tumbuhan. Sehingga kini, tiada kajian juzuk kimia propolis Apis mellifera dari Malaysia dilaporkan. Justeru, tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti kandungan kimia propolis Apis mellifera Malaysia. Sampel propolis mentah telah dikumpul dari tempat ternakan lebah Acacia mangium dari kawasan utara dan selatan Semenanjung Malaysia dan telah diekstrak menggunakan 70% etanol. Kemudian, ekstrak etanol telah disejat dan dibeku keringkan. Sebatian sililasi telah dikenal pasti menggunakan analisis kromatografi gas dan jisim spektrometri (GC-MS). Sebatian dicirikan melalui perbandingan dengan perpustakaan NIST0² and Wiley275. Dua puluh enam sebatian individu telah dikenal pasti dan β-panasinsene telah dikenal pasti buat kali pertama daripada propolis. Sebatian utama yang dikenal pasti daripada kedua-dua kawasan selatan dan utara Semenanjung Malaysia adalah terpenoid. Jumlah terpenoid antara 7.19-11.46% menunjukkan bahawa walaupun sumber tumbuhan utama untuk kedua-dua kawasan adalah Acacia mangium, tetapi pokok renek lain dan kebun buah-buahan di sekitar dua apiari mungkin berbeza dan menyumbang kepada perbezaan.

Kata kunci: Ekstrak etanol; GC-MS; propolis Malaysia

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: norul@usm.my