Sains Malaysiana 47(3)(2018): 551–562

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4703-16

 

Effect of Environment × Cultivar Interaction on Protein and Mineral Contents of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Central Anatolia, Turkey

(Kesan Interaksi Alam Sekitar × Kultivar ke atas Kandungan Protein dan Mineral Alfalfa

(Medicago sativa L.) di Anatolia Tengah, Turki)

 

ABDULLAH ÖZKÖSE*

 

Selçuk Üniversitesi (Selcuk University), Ard?çl? Mahallesi, İsmetpaşa Cad, 42250 Selçuklu/Konya, Turkey

 

Diserahkan: 7 Mei 2015/Diterima: 6 Oktober 2017

 

ABSTRACT

Nutritive value and persistence of different alfalfa cultivars, but very little information is available in the literature on mineral concentrations, especially on microelements. This study was carried out to determine crude protein and mineral contents in alfalfa cultivars from two different locations, Ankara and Konya provinces, in Central Anatolia during 2005 and 2007. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant differences in many investigated traits were found between cultivars, years, locations and location x year, location x cultivar, year x cultivar, and location x year x cultivar interactions. A crude protein ratio and micro and macro element contents (K, P, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, B, Mo, Cu, Cr, Se and Al) were analyzed in alfalfa on a dry weight basis. The results showed that the protein content ranged 17.23 to 20.71%. The macro element contents ranged 2.06 to 3.95 g kg–1 for K, 13.65 to 23.25 g kg–1 for P, 1.31 to 2.53 g kg–1 for Mg, 6.71 to 22.81 g kg–1 for Ca, and 44.3 to 92.7 mg kg–1 for Fe, whereas the microelement contents ranged 15.4 to 54.3 mg kg–1 for Mn, 24.6 to 121.9 mg kg–1 for Zn, 46.4 to 85.4 mg kg–1 for B, 0.50 to 6.13 mg kg–1 for Mo, 3.13 to 4.17 mg kg–1 for Cu, 0.93 to 2.40 mg kg–1 for Cr, 0.77 to 1.03 mg kg–1 for Se and 31.2 to 57.8 mg kg–1 for Al. Significant differences at the p<0.01 or p<0.05 level in many investigated traits were found between cultivars, years, locations and location × year, location × cultivar, year × cultivar, and location × year × cultivar interactions. In conclusion, due to the fact that the location × year × cultivar interaction was found statistically significant, we suggest that appropriate cultivars are selected for each region.

 

Keywords: Alfalfa; location; macro- and microelement; quality

ABSTRAK

Nutrien dan ketahanan kultivar alfalfa mempunyai nilai berbeza tetapi maklumat yang terdapat dalam kajian perpustakaan mengenai kepekatan mineral terutama pada unsur mikro adalah sangat sedikit. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kandungan protein mentah dan mineral dalam kultivar alfalfa dari dua lokasi berbeza iaitu di wilayah Ankara dan Konya, di Anatolia Tengah pada tahun 2005 dan 2007. Uji kaji ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan reka bentuk blok lengkap secara rawak dengan tiga ulangan. Perbezaan penting dalam banyak sifat yang dikaji didapati antara kultivar, tahun, lokasi dan lokasi x tahun, lokasi x kultivar, tahun x kultivar dan lokasi x tahun x interaksi kultivar. Nisbah protein kasar dan kandungan unsur mikro dan makro (K, P, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, B, Mo, Cu, Cr, Se dan Al) dianalisis dalam alfalfa berdasarkan berat kering. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kandungan protein berkisar antara 17.23 hingga 20.71%. Kandungan unsur makro berkisar antara 2.06 hingga 3.95 g kg-1 untuk K, 13.65 hingga 23.25 g kg-1 untuk P, 1.31 hingga 2.53 g kg-1 untuk Mg, 6.71 hingga 22.81 g kg-1 untuk Ca, dan 44.3 hingga 92.7 mg kg-1 untuk Fe, manakala kandungan elemen mikro berkisar 15.4 hingga 54.3 mg kg-1 untuk Mn, 24.6 hingga 121.9 mg kg-1 untuk Zn, 46.4 hingga 85.4 mg kg-1 untuk B, 0.50 hingga 6.13 mg kg-1 untuk Mo, 3.13 hingga 4.17 mg kg-1 untuk Cu, 0.93 hingga 2.40 mg kg-1 untuk Cr, 0.77 hingga 1.03 mg kg-1 untuk Se dan 31.2 hingga 57.8 mg kg-1 untuk Al. Perbezaan yang signifikan di tahap p <0.01 atau p <0.05 dalam banyak sifat yang dikaji didapati antara kultivar, tahun, lokasi dan lokasi × tahun, lokasi kultivar, tahun kultivar serta lokasi × tahun × interaksi kultivar. Kesimpulannya, lokasi × tahun × interaksi kultivasi didapati secara signifikan, kami mencadangkan bahawa kultivar yang sesuai dipilih untuk setiap rantau.

 

Kata kunci: Alfalfa; kualiti; lokasi; unsur makro dan mikro

RUJUKAN

AACC. 1990. Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. 8th ed. St. Paul, MN, USA: American Association of Cereal Chemists.

Acar, R., Ozcan, M.M., Kanbur, G. & Dursun, N., 2012. Some physico-chemical properties of edible and forage watermelon seeds. Iran J. Chem. Chem. Eng. 31(4): 41-47.

Acar, R., Demiryurek, M., Okur, M. & Bitgi, S. 2011. An investigation of artificial pasture establishment under dryland conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(5): 764-769.

Akca Pelen, M., K?z?l Aydemir, S., Sezer, N. & Y?lmaz, K. 2013. Examination of registered alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varieties efficiency results obtained from variety registration trials and importance of these varieties in present seed growing. Turkiye 10. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, Konya 3: 189-194 (in Turkish).

Alien, V.G., Hamilton, L.A., Wolf, D.D., Fontenot, J.P., Terrill, T.H. & Notter, D.R. 1986. Yield and regrowth characteristics of alfalfa grazed with sheep. II. Summer Grazing. Agronomy Journal 78: 979-985.

Aslan, M. 2017. Variation of some seed trace element contents in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes from Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 26(5): 3676-3684.

Avci, M.A., Ozkose, A. & Tamkoc, A. 2013. Determination of yield and quality characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varieties grown in different locations. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 12(4): 487-490.

Avcioglu, R., Geren, H., Tamkoc, A. & Karadag, Y. 2009. Yonca (Medicago sp. L.). In Yembitkileri, edited by Avcioglu, R., Hatipoglu, R. & Karadag, Y. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Izmir, Turkey. 2: 296-316 (in Turkish).

Aydin, I. & Tosun, F. 1991. A research on dry matter yield, crude protein content and yield of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) + some cereal species grown under Samsun ecological conditions. Proceedings of Congress of Pasture and Forage Crops, (CPFC’91), Bornova-Izmir. pp: 332-340.

Caldwell, A.C., Seim, E.C. & Rehm, G.W. 1969. Sulfur effects on the elemental composition of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Corn (Zea mays L.). Agronomy Journal 61: 632-634.

Ceylan, S., Soya, H., Budak, B., Akdemir, H. & Colak Esetlili, B. 2009. Effect of zinc on yield and some related traits of alfalfa. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 14(2): 136-143.

Collins, M. & Taylor, T.H. 1980. Yield and quality of alfalfa harvested during autumn and winter and harvest effects on the spring crop. Agronomy Journal 71: 839-844.

Collins, M. 1989. Mineral concentrations in whole crop and pressed forage of three legumes. Agronomy Journal 81: 901-906.

Haby, V.A., Davis, J.V. & Leonard, A.T. 1999. Response of over seeded alfalfa and bermudagrass to alfalfa row spacing and nitrogen rate. Agronomy Journal 91: 902-910.

Janghorbani, M., Roberts, S. & Jackson, T.L. 1975. Relationship of exchangeable acidity to yield and chemical composition of alfalfa. Agronomy Journal 67: 350-354.

Jenkins, M.B. & Bottomley, P.J. 1984. Seasonal response of uninoculated alfalfa to n fertilizer: Soil N, nodule turnover, and symbiotic effectiveness of Rhizobium meliloti. Agronomy Journal 76: 959-963.

Kacar, B. 1994. Toprak Analizleri [Soil Analysis (in English)]. Ankara Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi Egitim, Arast?rma ve Gelistirme Vakf? Yay?nlar? No:3. Ankara (in Turkish).

Kacar, B. 1972. Chemical analysis of plant and soil-II, Plant analysis. Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara (Unpublished).

Kahraman, A. 2017. Nutritional value and foliar fertilization in soybean. J. Elem. 22(1): 55-66.

Karadag, Y., Iptas, S., K?r, H. & Akbay, S. 2011. The determination of the yield and quality characteristics of some alfalfa cultivars under Tokat-Kazova conditions. Turkiye 9. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, Bursa 3, 1962-1965 (in Turkish).

Khan, Z.I., Ashraf, M. & Valeem, E.E. 2006. Forage mineral status evaluation: The influence of pastures Pak. J. Bot. 38(4): 1043-1054.

Khan, Z.I., Ashraf, M., Ahmad, K., Ahmad, N., Danish, M. & Valeem, E.E. 2009. Evaluation of mineral composition of forages for grazing ruminants in Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot. 41(5): 2465-2476.

Kidambi, S.P., Matches, A.G. & Gricgs, T.C. 1989. Variability for Ca, Mg, K, Cu, Zn, and K/(Ca+Mg) ratio among 3 wheatgrasses and sainfoin on the southern high plains. Journal of Range Management 42(4): 316-322.

Lemus, R. 2013. What are the mineral concentrations of forage? Mississippi State University, 6(2), 1-2 http://msucares.com/ crops/forages/newsletters/13/20130201.pdf.

Nancy, J. 1992. Digestibility and mineral utilization of six sequential alfalfa cutting by wethers. Ph.D. thesis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico (Unpublished).

National Research Council (NRC). 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. Seventh Revised Edition. Washington: National Academy Press.

Orloff, S.B. & Putnam, D.H. 2007. Forage quality testing. In Irrigated Alfalfa Management in Mediterranean and Desert Zones. Chapter 16, edited by Summers, C.G. & Putnam, D.H. Oakland: University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 8302. http://alfalfa.ucdavis. edu/Irrigated Alfalfa. Accessed on 13 March 2015.

Ozcan, M. 2004. Mineral contents of some plants used as condiments in Turkey. Food Chemistry 84: 437-440.

Ozkose, A. 2013. Determination of yield and yield components of fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. rapacea Koch.) cultivars under the Konya region conditions. International Journal of Biological, Veterinary, Agricultural and Food Engineering 7(12): 826-829.

Pirhofer-Walzl, K., Søegaard, K., Høgh-Jensen, H., Eriksen, J., Sanderson, M.A., Rasmussen, J. & Rasmussen, J. 2011. Forage herbs improve mineral composition of grassland herbage. Grass and Forage Science 66: 415-423.

Sabanc?, C.O., Ertus, M.M. & Zorer Celebi, Z. 2013. Collection, conservation and evaluation for forage yield of alfalfa landraces grown in East Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 18(1): 46-51.

Scholtz, G.D.J., van Der Merwe, H.J. & Tylutki, T.P. 2009. The nutritive value of South African Medicago sativa L. hay. South African Journal of Animal Science 39: 179-182.

Smith, D. 1970. Influence of temperature on the yield and chemical composition of five forage legume species. Agronomy Journal 62: 520-523.

Smith, D. 1969. Influence of temperature on the yield and chemical composition of ‘vernal’ alfalfa at first flower, Agronomy Journal 61: 470-472.

Tejada, R., McDowell, L.R., Martin, F.G. & Conrad, J.H. 1985. Mineral element analyses of various tropical forages in Guatemala and their relationship to soil concentrations. Nutr. Rep. Int. 32: 313-323.

Tongel, M.O. & Ayan, I. 2010. Nutritional contents and yield performances of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars in Southern Black Sea shores. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9(15): 2067-2073.

Turan, M., Ketterings, Q.M., Gunes, A., Ataoglu, N., Esringu, A., Bilgili, A.V. & Huang, Y.H. 2010. Boron fertilization of Mediterranean aridisols improves lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) yields and quality. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science 60(5): 427-436.

Ulgen, N. & Yurtsever, N. 1974. Turkiye gubre ve gubreleme rehberi. Toprak ve GubreAraşt?rma Enstitusu Teknik Yay?nlar Serisi, 28, Kemal Matbaas?, Ankara (in Turkish).

Underwood, E.J. 1981. The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock. Slough, England: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. p. 10.

Wedin, W.F., Burger, A.W. & Ahlgren, H.L. 1956. Effect of soil type, fertilization, and stage of growth on yield, chemical composition, and biological value of ladino clover (Trifolium repens L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Agronomy Journal 48(4): 147-152.

 

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: aozkose@selcuk.edu.tr

 

 

 

 

sebelumnya