Sains Malaysiana 47(3)(2018): 603–610

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4703-22

 

FeCl3-Activated Carbon Developed from Coconut Leaves: Characterization and Application for Methylene Blue Removal

(Karbon Teraktif-FeCl3 daripada Daun Kelapa: Pencirian dan Aplikasi terhadap Penyingkiran Metilena Biru)

 

RAMLAH ABD RASHID1,2*, ALI H. JAWAD1, MOHD AZLAN BIN MOHD ISHAK2 & NUR NASULHAH KASIM2

 

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam Campus, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Arau Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis Indera Kayangan, Malaysia

 

Received: 4 April 2017/Accepted: 13 October 2017

 

ABSTRACT

In this study, coconut leaves were used as a starting material for the production of activated carbon by thermal carbonization using FeCl3-activation method. The characterization of coconut leaves-FeCl3 activated carbon (FAC) were evaluated by bulk density, ash content, moisture content, point-of-zero charge (pHpzc) analysis, iodine test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and elemental (CHNS-O) analysis. The effect of the adsorbent dosage (0.02-0.25 g), initial pH (3-11), initial dye concentrations (30-350 mg/L) and contact time (1-180 min) on the adsorption of the methylene blue (MB) at 303 K was performed via batch experiments. The Pseudo-Second Order (PSO) describes the kinetic model well whereas the Langmuir isotherm proved that adsorption behavior at equilibrium with maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 66.00 mg/g.

 

Keywords: Activated carbon; adsorption; coconut leaves; ferric chloride; methylene blue; thermal activation

 

ABSTRAK

Dalam kajian ini, daun kelapa telah dipilih sebagai bahan pemula bagi penghasilan karbon teraktif melalui penkarbonan haba dengan menggunakan FeCl3 sebagai agen pengaktif. Pencirian karbon teraktif (FAC) dianalisis dengan menggunakan mikroskop imbasan elektron (SEM), transformasi Fourier inframerah (FTIR) dan analisis elemen (CHNS-O). Beberapa parameter yang mempengaruhi penyahwarnaan metilena biru pada suhu 303 K seperti dos bahan penjerap (0.02-0.25 g), pH awal (3-11), kepekatan (30-350 mg/L) dan masa (0-180 min) telah dikaji dan dioptimumkan dengan menggunakan kaedah uji kaji berkumpulan. Model kinetik Pseudo-Pertama dan Pseudo-Kedua telah digunakan untuk menganalisis mekanisme yang terlibat dalam proses penjerapan. Nilai korelasi (R2) yang ditunjukkan oleh FAC terhadap model kinetik tertib Pseudo- Kedua lebih tinggi berbanding tertib Pseudo-Pertama. Data isoterma penjerapan dikaji dengan model isoterma seperti Langmuir, Freundlich dan Temkin. Proses penjerapan dikenal pasti mengikuti model Langmuir dengan kapasiti penjerapan maksimum (qmax) dicapai sebanyak 66.00 mg/g.

 

Kata kunci: Daun kelapa; ferik klorida; karbon teraktif; metilena biru; pengaktifan haba; penjerapan


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*Corresponding author; email: ramlahabdrashid@yahoo.com

 

 

 

 

 

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