Sains Malaysiana 47(5)(2018): 941–949

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4705-09

 

Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanomaterial for Urea Biosensor Application

(Pengubahsuaian Permukaan Bahan Nano Selulosa untuk Aplikasi Biosensor Urea)

 

WAN ELINA FARADILLA WAN KHALID^1,2, LEE YOOK HENG^1* & MOHAMAD NASIR MAT ARIP³

 

¹School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

²Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Pilah Campus, Pekan Parit Tinggi, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus, Malaysia

 

³Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 14 September 2017/Diterima: 4 Januari 2018

 

 

ABSTRACT

Cellulose nanomaterial with rod-like structure and highly crystalline order, usually formed by elimination of the amorphous region from cellulose during acid hydrolysis. Cellulose nanomaterial with the property of biocompatibility and nontoxicity can be used for enzyme immobilization. In this work, urease enzyme was used as a model enzyme to study the surface modification of cellulose nanomaterial and its potential for biosensor application. The cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) surface was modified using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation to introduce the carboxyl group at C6 primary alcohol. The success of enzyme immobilization and surface modification was confirmed using chemical tests and measured using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The immobilization strategy was then applied for biosensor application for urea detection. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques were used for electroanalytical characterization of the urea biosensor.

 

Keywords: Biosensor; cellulose nanomaterial; enzyme immobilization; surface modification

 

ABSTRAK

Bahan nanoselulosa dengan struktur seperti rod dan susunan hablur yang sangat bertertib, biasanya terbentuk dengan penghapusan bahagian amorfus daripada selulosa semasa hidrolisis asid. Bahan nano selulosa dengan sifat bioserasi dan tidak toksik boleh digunakan untuk pemegunan enzim. Dalam kajian ini, enzim urease telah digunakan sebagai enzim model untuk mengkaji pengubahsuaian permukaan pada bahan nanoselulosa dan potensi untuk aplikasi biosensor. Permukaan CNC diubah suai menggunakan kaedah pengoksidaan perantara-TEMPO untuk memasukkan kumpulan karboksil pada C6 alkohol primer. Kejayaan pemegunan enzim dan pengubahsuaian permukaan ditentukan dengan menggunakan ujian kimia serta diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer Ultra-lembayung Nampak. Strategi pemegunan ini seterusnya digunakan untuk aplikasi biosensor bagi penentuan urea. Teknik voltametri siklik (CV) dan teknik voltametri denyut pembezaan (DPV) digunakan untuk pencirian elektroanalisis biosensor urea.

 

Kata kunci: Bahan nano selulosa; biosensor; pemegunan enzim; pengubahsuaian permukaan

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: leeyookheng@yahoo.co.uk