Sains Malaysiana 47(6)(2018): 1269–1276

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4706-23

Agronomic Biofortification of Fodder Sorghum with Zinc under Different Levels of Nitrogen

(Biofortifikasi Agronomi Sorgum Foder dengan Zink pada Tahap Nitrogen Berbeza)

WAQAS AHMAD*, MUHAMMAD TAHIR, RIAZ AHMAD & RASHID AHMAD

Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan

Diserahkan: 13 Ogos 2017/Diterima: 22 Januari 2018

ABSTRACT

Zinc (Zn) deficient soil prevails throughout the world and it has become the bottleneck in achieving production potential and quality of crops. The negligible use of micronutrients along with irregular use of macronutrients is practised for fodder production in Pakistan. Varying levels of zinc (0, 5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1) were evaluated for their effect on yield, quality and zinc uptake on fodder sorghum (variety Hegari) in a field experiment for two consecutive years (2014 and 2015). Data were analysed by using Fishers' analysis of variance (at p<0.05) and response surface methodology (RSM). Correlation between different parameters was also studied. Application of zinc and nitrogen improved the plant height, leaf area plant-1, green fodder yield, dry matter yield, crude protein percentage and zinc content of plant but decreased the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and ash percentage. Values for different parameters recorded at second and third levels of zinc and nitrogen were remained at par with each other. Application of 10 kg ha-1 zinc and 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen showed an average increase of 7.3 and 18.6% in green fodder yield while 12.1 and 15.8% in dry matter yield, respectively. Similarly 6.1 and 7.5% increase in crude protein was noted over control. Correlation between NDF and ADF was negative with rest of the studied parameters. In conclusion, Zn2 and N2 gave the best results in term of yield and quality of fodder sorghum.

Keywords: Agronomic biofortification; fodder; nitrogen; sorghum; zinc

ABSTRAK

Tanah yang kekurangan zink (Zn) berlaku di seluruh dunia dan ia menjadi halangan bagi mencapai potensi pengeluaran dan kualiti tanaman. Penggunaan mikronutrien yang tidak dapat dielakkan bersama penggunaan makronutrien yang tidak teratur diamalkan untuk pengeluaran foder di Pakistan. Tahap zink (0, 5, 10 dan 15 kg ha-1) dan nitrogen (0, 60, 120 dan 180 kg ha-1) telah dinilai untuk kesannya terhadap hasil, kualiti dan pengambilan zink pada sorgum foder (pelbagai Hegari) dalam uji kaji bidang selama dua tahun berturut-turut (2014 dan 2015). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis Fisher's pelbagai (pada p<0.05) dan kaedah gerak balas permukaan (RSM). Korelasi antara parameter yang berbeza juga dikaji. Penggunaan zink dan nitrogen meningkatkan ketinggian tumbuhan, tumbuhan daun tanaman-1, hasil foder hijau, hasil bahan kering, peratusan protein mentah dan kandungan zink tumbuhan tetapi menurunkan serat detergen neutral, serat pencuci asid dan peratusan abu. Nilai untuk parameter yang berbeza yang dicatatkan pada tahap kedua dan ketiga zink dan nitrogen kekal setanding dengan satu sama lain. Penggunaan 10 kg ha-1 zink dan 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen menunjukkan peningkatan purata sebanyak 7.3 dan 18.6% dalam hasil foder hijau manakala 12.1 dan 15.8% dalam hasil bahan kering. Begitu juga 6.1 dan 7.5% peningkatan dalam protein mentah telah diperhatikan melalui kawalan. Korelasi antara NDF dan ADF negatif dengan sisa parameter yang dikaji. Sebagai kesimpulan, Zn2 dan N2 memberikan hasil terbaik dalam bentuk hasil dan kualiti sorgum foder.

Kata kunci: Biofortifikasi agronomik; foder; nitrogen; sorgum; zink

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: waqasahmad.uaf@gmail.com