Sains Malaysiana 47(8)(2018): 1853–1860

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4708-25

Evaluation of Kenaf Yarn Properties as Affected by Different Linear Densities

for Woven Fabric Laminated Composite Production

(Kajian ke atas Sifat Benang Kenaf Kesan daripada Perbezaan Ketumpatan Linear

untuk Penghasilan Fabrik Tenunan Komposit Berlaminasi)

AISYAH HUMAIRA ALIAS^1*, PARIDAH MD. TAHIR¹, KHALINA ABDAN², MOHD SAPUAN SALIT³, MD. SAIDIN WAHAB⁴ & MOHD PAHMI SAIMAN⁵

¹Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Department of Biocomposite Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

⁵Politeknik Seberang Perai (PSP), Jalan Permatang Pauh, 13500, Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 29 Mei 2017/Diterima: 14 April 2018

ABSTRACT

Currently, there is a growing interest of using woven material in composite production for many applications such as structural applications, non-structural applications, household utilities, parts for automobile, aerospace components, flooring and ballistic laminate composites. The structure and properties of the woven fabric is very important as it dictate the woven composite properties. The properties of yarn like linear density, twist factor and strength can influence most of the woven fabric properties. Strength of woven fabric is one of the most important properties which make it superior in final composite applications. In this study, the effects of linear density i.e. 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 tex on physical and mechanical properties of kenaf yarn were evaluated. The assessment on twist type, twist angle, yarn diameter, yarn structure, fibre density, moisture content, water absorption and mechanical properties were carried out on kenaf yarns. The yarn mechanical properties were tested on the tensile strength, Young's Modulus and elongation. It was found that, different linear density of yarn exhibited different behavior of yarn properties. Higher linear density yarn produced wider yarn diameter compared to lower linear density yarn, resulting to higher fibre and moisture content yarn. Yarn tensile strength has increased by 46% when linear density was changed from 500 to 2000 tex due to higher amount of individual fibres. However, for Young's Modulus, the values reduced as the yarn linear density increased due to several factors including number of fibres and moisture content of yarn.

Keywords: Linear density; moisture content; twist angle; yarn

ABSTRAK

Pada masa ini, terdapat minat yang semakin meningkat bagi penggunaan bahan tenun dalam pengeluaran komposit untuk banyak aplikasi seperti aplikasi struktur, aplikasi bukan struktur, utiliti isi rumah, bahagian untuk kereta, komponen aeroangkasa, lantai dan komposit laminat balistik. Struktur dan sifat kain tenunan itu sangat penting kerana ia menentukan sifat komposit tenunan. Ciri-ciri benang seperti ketumpatan linear, faktor pintalan dan kekuatan boleh mempengaruhi kebanyakan sifat kain tenunan. Kekuatan kain tenunan adalah salah satu ciri yang paling penting yang menjadikannya unggul dalam aplikasi komposit akhir. Dalam kajian ini, kesan ketumpatan linear iaitu 500, 1000, 1500 dan 2000 tex dinilai terhadap sifat fizikal dan mekanikal benang kenaf. Penilaian daripada segi jenis pintalan, sudut pintalan, diameter benang, struktur benang, ketumpatan serat, kandungan lembapan, penyerapan air dan sifat mekanikal telah dijalankan pada benang kenaf. Ciri-ciri mekanikal benang telah diuji pada kekuatan tegangan, modulus Young dan pemanjangan. Kajian mendapati ketumpatan linear yang berbeza menghasilkan sifat benang yang berbeza. Benang dengan ketumpatan linear yang lebih tinggi menghasilkan diameter benang yang lebih luas berbanding benang berketumpatan linear yang lebih rendah menghasilkan benang dengan kandungan serat dan lembapan yang lebih tinggi. Kekuatan tegangan benang meningkat sebanyak 46% apabila ketumpatan linear diubah daripada 500 hingga 2000 tex disebabkan oleh jumlah gentian individu yang lebih tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, nilainya berkurangan bagi modulus Young kerana ketumpatan linear benang meningkat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor termasuk bilangan serat dan kandungan lembapan benang.

Kata kunci: Benang; kandungan lembapan; ketumpatan linear; sudut pintalan

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: a.humaira.aisyah@gmail.com