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http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4811-12
Kadar Pelepasan
Bromokarbon Jangka Hayat Pendek oleh Rumpai Laut Tropika menggunakan Simulasi
Laut Tropika
(Release Rates of Very
Short-Lived Bromocarbon by Tropical Seaweeds using Tropical Sea Simulation)
CHANDRAN RAYNUSHA1, MOHAMMAD ROZAIMI1, NUR HIDAYAH1, KUHAN CHANDRU3,4, WAN SHAFRINA WAN MOHD JAAFAR5, NOOR LIANA MAT YAJIT6 & MOHD SHAHRUL MOHD NADZIR1,2*
1Pusat
Sains Bumi & Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains & Teknologi, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Pusat
Sistem Perubahan Iklim Tropika (IKLIM), Institut Perubahan Iklim, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Pusat
Sains Angkasa (ANGKASA), Institut Perubahan Iklim, Tingkat 5, Bangunan Kompleks
Penyelidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia
4Jabatan
Kimia Fizikal, Universiti Teknologi Kimia, Prag, Technicka 5, 16628, Prague6-
Dejvice, Republik Czech
5Pusat
Pencerapan Bumi, Institut Perubahan Iklim, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600
UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
6Pusat
Pengajian Bioteknologi dan Makanan Berfungsi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
1 April 2019/Diterima: 15 Ogos 2019
ABSTRAK
Bagi negara tropika yang
mempunyai keberhasilan marin yang tinggi seperti Malaysia, makroalga
(rumpai laut) telah menjadi penyumbang utama kepada pelepasan bromokarbon
jangka hayat pendek (VSL) ke dalam atmosfera. Faktor abiotik
seperti keamatan cahaya dan kepekatan klorofil a telah diketahui mempengaruhi pengeluaran bromokarbon oleh rumpai
laut, namun begitu masih lagi kurang kajian yang mengukur secara
sistematik pengaruh rumpai laut terhadap kadar pelepasan bromokarbon
VSL
dijalankan. Oleh itu, sistem pengkulturan rumpai laut
yang diselaraskan dengan keadaan persekitaran semula jadi disediakan
bagi mengkaji kadar pelepasan bromokarbon VSL
(CH2Br2,
CHBr3 dan CHBr2Cl) bagi tujuh rumpai laut merah,
perang dan hijau iaitu Gracilaria changii, Ulva reticulata,
Caulerpa racemosa var. macrophysa, Kappaphycus alvarezii,
Sargassum binderi, Sargassum siliquosum dan Padina australis.
Penghasilan bromokarbon VSL menunjukkan
kitaran diurnal dengan kepekatan halokarbon meningkat kepada tahap
maksimum pada waktu tengahari (1738 pmolL-1) dan menurun apabila keamatan
cahaya dan suhu permukaan laut (SST) berkurang. Penghasilan bromokarbon
VSL rumpai laut yang diletakkan di bawah cahaya matahari
adalah lima kali ganda lebih tinggi daripada penghasilan tangki
akuakultur yang diletakkan dalam persekitaran gelap yang menunjukkan
berlakunya penghasilan fotokimia. Purata kadar penghasilan fotokimia
untuk bromokarbon VSL
daripada uji kaji tangki akuakultur berjulat antara
1 dan 137 pmol per g-1 FW-1
h-1.
Ini menjadikan rumpai laut merah (Gracilaria changii) sebagai
pengeluar tertinggi. Begitu juga, bromoperoksida (BPO) yang diekstrak daripada kesemua
rumpai laut juga menunjukkan aktiviti tertinggi dalam rumpai laut
merah diikuti oleh rumpai laut perang dan hijau.
Kata kunci: Bahan
jangka hayat pendek (VSLS); bromokarbon jangka hayat pendek
(VSL);
rumpai laut
ABSTRACT
Macroalgae (seaweeds)
are a major contributor in emitting very short-lived (VSL)
bromocarbons into the atmosphere especially in tropical countries
with high primary productivity such as Malaysia. Abiotic factors
such as light intensities and chlorophyll a concentrations can influence the production
of bromocarbons emitted by seaweeds, however, not many studies have
systematically quantified their influence on the release rates of
VSL bromocarbons. Hence, to measure this, we used a seaweed culture
system mimicking a natural environment to study the release rate
of VSL bromocarbons
(CH2Br2, CHBr3 and
CHBr2Cl) for several red, brown and green seaweeds (Gracilaria
changii, Ulva reticulata, Caulerpa racemosa var. macrophysa,
Kappaphycus alvarezii, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum siliquosum,
and Padina australis. The production of VSL bromocarbons showed a diurnal cycle with halocarbon
concentrations increasing to a maximum level at mid-day (1738 pmolL-1)
and decreasing when light intensity and SST decreased. The production
of VSL bromocarbons of seaweeds kept in the sunlight is five
times higher than the production of aquaculture tanks placed in
dark environments indicating the occurrence of photochemical production.
The average photochemical rate for VSL bromocarbons from aquaculture tank
experiments ranges from 1 to 137 pmol per g-1 FW-1
h-1.
This makes the red seaweeds (Gracilaria changii) as the highest.
Likewise, bromoperoxide (BPO) extracted from all seaweeds also
showed the highest activity in red seaweed followed by brown and
green seaweed. Keywords: Seaweeds;
very short-lived (VSL) bromocarbon;
very short-lived substances (VSLS)
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: shahrulnadzir@ukm.edu.my
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