Sains Malaysiana 48(1)(2019): 61–68

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4801-07

Effects of Organic Amendment on Soil Organic Carbon in Treated Soft Clay in Paddy Cultivation Area

(Kesan Bahan Pembaik Pulih Organik ke atas Karbon Organik Tanah dalam Tanah Jerlus Terawat di Kawasan Penanaman)

MUHAMMAD RENDANA¹, WAN MOHD RAZI IDRIS^2*, SAHIBIN ABDUL RAHIM³, ZULFAHMI ALI RAHMAN², TUKIMAT LIHAN² & HABIBAH JAMIL⁴

¹Postgraduate Programme, Universitas Sriwijaya, 30139 Bukit Besar, Palembang, Indonesia

²School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Environmental Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

⁴School of Geology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 18 Februari 2018/Diterima: 10 Ogos 2018

ABSTRACT

Soft clay soil has become a major problem in paddy cultivation area. Nearly half of the total paddy field in Kedah State, Malaysia cannot be utilized for paddy cultivation because of soft clay soil. The problem is related to the presence of weak hardpan structure that permits the soil to experience continuous wet condition. The soil also causes in the alteration of many processes soil organic carbon sequestration and turnover, but the main effect on the land is decrease in soil fertility. To investigate the effects of soft clay soil on soil organic carbon content, stock and change rate, the trial has been conducted in Alor Senibong paddy field area in Kedah, Malaysia examining the problematic paddy field that associated with soft clay soil problem. Hasil Tani Organic Compound (HTOC) was an organic soil amendment that used to enhance soil organic carbon in this study. Paddy field with the presence of soft clay soil showed a low soil organic carbon content and stock around 0.67% and 1.01 t·ha-1, respectively (depth 0-15 cm). The reduction of soil organic carbon content in soft clay soil was likely because of the waterlogged soil environment, the stability of soil aggregates and decline in humification process which then reduced soil organic carbon input. After being treated with HTOC, soil organic carbon content and carbon stock in soft clay soil have significantly increased by 0.67-3.14% and 1.01-4.76 t·ha-1 (depth 0-15 cm), respectively, yielding a mean monthly carbon change rate of 4.36 g C kg−1·mth.−1 (depth 0-15 cm). As whole, the succession of HTOC application to improve soil organic carbon content in this study could be employed in other paddy field areas that associated with soft clay soil problem.

Keywords: Organic amendment; soft clay soil; soil fertility; soil organic carbon

ABSTRAK

Tanah jerlus telah menjadi masalah utama di kawasan penanaman padi. Hampir separuh daripada jumlah sawah padi di Negeri Kedah, Malaysia tidak boleh digunakan untuk penanaman padi kerana tanah jerlus. Masalah ini adalah berkaitan dengan kewujudan struktur lapisan keras tanah lemah yang membolehkan tanah mengalami keadaan basah secara berterusan. Tanah jerlus juga menyebabkan perubahan banyak kepada proses penyerapan atau kehilangan karbon organik tanah, tetapi kesan utama pada tanah adalah penurunan kesuburan tanah. Untuk mengkaji kesan tanah jerlus pada kandungan karbon organik tanah, stok karbon tanah dan kadar perubahan kandungan karbon organik tanah, sebuah kajian telah dilakukan di kawasan sawah Alor Senibong, Kedah, Malaysia yang menghadapi masalah tanah jerlus. Sebatian Organik Hasil Tani (HTOC) adalah bahan pembaik pulih tanah yang digunakan dalam kajian ini untuk meningkatkan kandungan karbon organik dalam tanah. Plot sawah yang bermasalah tanah jerlus menunjukkan kandungan karbon organik tanah dan stok karbon yang rendah sekitar 0.67% dan 1.01 t·ha-1 (kedalaman tanah 0-15 cm). Pengurangan kandungan karbon organik tanah dalam tanah jerlus dijangkakan disebabkan oleh persekitaran tanah yang berair, kestabilan agregat tanah dan penurunan proses penghumusan yang kemudiannya mengurangkan input karbon organik tanah. Selepas dirawat dengan HTOC, kandungan karbon organik tanah dan stok karbon dalam tanah jerlus meningkat dengan ketara sebanyak 0.67-3.14% dan 1.01-4.76 t·ha-1 (kedalaman tanah 0-15 cm), dengan kadar perubahan purata bulanan karbon sekitar 4.36 g C kg-1·mth.-1 (kedalaman tanah 0-15 cm). Secara keseluruhan, kejayaan aplikasi HTOC untuk meningkatkan kandungan karbon organik tanah dalam kajian ini boleh digunakan di kawasan sawah lain yang berkaitan dengan masalah jerlus.

Kata kunci: Bahan pembaik pulih organik; karbon organik tanah; kesuburan tanah; tanah jerlus

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: razi@ukm.edu.my