Sains Malaysiana 48(2)(2019): 281–289

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4802-03

Kebolehupayaan Fitoremediasi oleh Azolla pinnata dalam Merawat Air Sisa Akuakultur

(Phytoremediation Capability by Azolla pinnata in Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment)

FARAH DIYANA ARIFFIN^1,2, AZHAR ABDUL HALIM^1*, MARLIA MOHD HANAFIAH¹ & NOR AZIRA RAMLEE¹

¹Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaa Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Pusat Sains Kesihatan dan Gunaan, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 29 Mac 2018/Diterimakan: 15 September 2018

ABSTRAK

Isu kekurangan sumber air bersih merupakan salah satu masalah utama pada masa kini. Bahan pencemar di dalam air merupakan antara penyumbang kepada masalah ini. Salah satu alternatif yang utama dalam penyingkiran bahan pencemar daripada air sisa adalah melalui kaedah fitoremediasi. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji kecekapan Azolla pinnata dalam merawat air sisa menggunakan kaedah fitoremediasi. Keberkesanan A. pinnata untuk menyerap nutrien adalah bergantung kepada kualiti air sisa dan kuantiti A. pinnata yang digunakan. Seterusnya satu uji kaji untuk menentukan biojisim A. pinnata selepas rawatan fitoremediasi telah dijalankan. Dalam hasil kajian ini, ammonia dan fosfat merupakan parameter yang utama dalam menentukan keberkesanan rawatan air sisa akuakultur menggunakan kaedah fitoremediasi A. pinnata. Hasil kajian menunjukkan penurunan drastik nilai ammonia apabila air sisa dirawat menggunakan A. pinnata iaitu daripada nilai bacaan purata 7.47 ke 1.67 mg/L. Sementara itu, kepekatan fosfat juga menunjukkan penurunan ketara selepas air sisa dirawat dengan A. pinnata daripada nilai purata 5.73 kepada 1.22 mg/L. Hasil daripada rawatan air sisa akuakultur dengan menggunakan fitoremediasi A. pinnata dapat menunjukkan perubahan disebabkan oleh peningkatan biojisim dengan nilai tertinggi 147.26 gram.

Kata kunci: Akuakultur; Azolla pinnata; fitoremediasi; rawatan air sisa

ABSTRACT

The issue of lack of clean water sources is one of the main problems today. Pollutants in the water is one of the contributors to the problem. One of the major alternatives in the removal of pollutants from wastewater is through phytoremediation. The objective of this research was to determine the efficiency of phytoremediation method in treating wastewater using Azolla pinnata. The efficacy of A. pinnata to absorb nutrients is dependent on the quality of wastewater and the quantity of A. pinnata. Further, an experiment to determine the A. pinnata biomass by phytoremediation method was carried out. The results of this study show that ammonia and phosphate were the main parameters in determining the effectiveness of aquaculture wastewater treatment using A. pinnata. The results showed a drastic decline in the ammonia when the wastewater was treated with A. pinnata from the average reading value of 7.47 to 1.67 mg/L. Meanwhile, phosphate concentration also showed a drastic decline after the wastewater was treated with A. pinnata from the average value of 5.73 to 1.22 mg/L. The results of treatment of aquaculture wastewater by using phytoremediation of A. pinnata was able to show changes due to an increase in biomass with the highest value of 147.26 gram.

Keywords: Aquaculture; Azolla pinnata; phytoremediation: wastewater treatment

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: azharhalim@ukm.edu.my