Sains Malaysiana 48(3)(2019): 571–579

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4803-09

 

Response of 1-Methycyclopropene on Postharvest Quality of Local Soursop (Annona muricata L.)

(Gerak Balas 1-Metisiklopropena ke atas Kualiti Lepas Tuai Durian Belanda Tempatan (Annona muricata L.))

 

LEM MING SIANG^1*, PHEBE DING² & MAHMUD TENGKU MUDA MOHAMED^1,2

 

¹Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

²Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 29 Jun 2018/Diterima: 7 Disember 2018

 

ABSTRACT

Soursop (Annona muricata L.), a climacteric fruit which is rich in bioactive compounds for use its in medicine. It produces an aromatic, sweet-sour and pleasant taste. However, there is a limitation in the fruit being able to reach distant markets. Its quick ripening and accentuated softening properties make it difficult to handle without damage and shorten its postharvest life. In order to reduce lost value during storage life, this study aims to investigate the effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on the fruit's postharvest life including its physiological and physiochemical characteristics. Selected soursop fruits were harvested at 16 weeks after pollination and treated with various concentrations of 1-MCP (0, 400, 800 and 1200 nL/L) at 15°C + 3°C for 24 h and subsequently being stored at ambient temperature (25°C + 3°C). Observations on various physical, physiological, biochemical and antioxidants parameters were recorded at a two-day intervals 6 days of storage. The results showed that respiration rate and ethylene production in 1-MCP treated fruit were lower than those in the control batches. Further, the pulp of 1-MCP treated fruits remained firm and colour was retained throughout the observation period. Soursop treated at different 1-MCP concentration (0, 400, 800 and 1200 nL/L) showed that fruit treated with 400 nL/L had better ripe fruit quality. In addition, 1-MCP treated fruits were able to normally soften at day six after storage. However, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of fruits from all treatments were found inconsistent during storage.

 

Keywords: Colour; firmness; soursop; 1-MCP

 

ABSTRAK

Durian belanda (Annona muricata L.) ialah buah klimakterik yang kaya dengan sebatian bioaktif untuk kegunaan perubatan. Ia mengeluarkan aroma, rasa manis-masam dan sedap. Walau bagaimanapun, pemasaran yang jauh menjadi satu cabaran kerana ia cepat masak dan menonjolkan sifat-sifat lembik yang menjadikannya sukar untuk diproses tanpa kerosakan dan dipendekkan jangka hayat lepas tuai. Untuk mengurangkan kehilangan nilai sepanjang tempoh penyimpanan, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kesan rawatan 1-Metisiklopropena (1-MCP) terhadap jangka hayat penyimpanan lepas tuai, fisiologi dan biokimia durian belanda. Buah durian belanda terpilih dituai pada umur 16 minggu selepas pendebungaan dan dirawat dengan 1-MCP pada kepekatan (0, 400, 800 dan 1200 nL/L) di bawah suhu 15°C + 3°C selama 24 jam dan kemudian disimpan pada suhu ambien (25°C + 3°C). Pemerhatian terhadap fizikal, fisiologi, biokimia dan antioksidan dicatat selang dua hari selama 6 hari penyimpanan. Kadar respirasi dan pengeluaran etilen dalam buah dengan rawatan 1-MCP adalah lebih rendah daripada kawalan. Pulpa bagi buah yang dirawat 1-MCP tetap teguh dan warna kekal sepanjang tempoh pemerhatian. Hasil rawatan durian belanda pada beberapa kepekatan 1-MCP menunjukkan buah yang dirawat dengan 400 nL/L mempunyai kualiti kemasakan buah yang lebih baik. Di samping itu, buah yang dirawat 1-MCP dapat berubah menjadi lembut secara normal selepas hari ke enam. Walau bagaimanapun, kandungan antioksidan, fenolik dan flavonoid buah bagi semua rawatan didapati tidak konsisten semasa penyimpanan.

 

Kata kunci: Durian belanda; keras; warna; 1-MCP

RUJUKAN

Abdi, N., McGlasson, W.B., Holford, P., Williams, M. & Mizrahi, Y. 1998. Responses of climacteric and suppressed-climacteric plums to treatment with propylene and 1-methylcyclopropene. Postharvest Biology and Technology 14(1): 29-39.

Agius, F., González-Lamothe, R., Caballero, J.L., Muñoz- Blanco, J., Botella, M.A. & Valpuesta, V. 2003. Engineering increased vitamin C levels in plants by overexpression of a D-galacturonic acid reductase. Nature Biotechnology 21(2): 177-181.

Ahmad, A., Mohd Ali, Z. & Zainal, Z. 2013. Delayed softening of papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. ‘Sekaki’) fruit by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) during ripening at ambient and low temperature storage conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Science 7(6): 750-757.

Aziz, P.A. & Yusof, S. 1994. Physico-chemical characteristics of soursop fruit (Annona muricata) during growth and development. ASEAN Food Journal 9: 147-150.

Barreca, D., Laganà, G., Ficarra, S., Tellone, E., Leuzzi, U., Galtieri, A. & Bellocco, E. 2011. Evaluation of the antioxidant and cytoprotective proprieties of the exotic fruit Annona cherimola Mill. (Annonacceae). Food Research International 44: 2302-2310.

Benassi, G., Correa, G.A.S.F., Kluge, R.A. & Jacomino, A.P. 2003. Shelf life of custard apple treated with 1-methylciclopropene- An antagonist to the ethylene action. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 46: 115-119.

Blanke, M.M. 1991. Respiration of apple and avocado fruits. Postharvest News Information 2: 429-436.

Blankenship, S.M. & Dole, J.M. 2003. 1-Methylcyclopropene: A review. Postharvest Biology and Technology 28: 1-25.

Bruinsma, J. & Paull, R.E. 1984. Respiration during postharvest development of soursop fruit, Annona muricata L. Plant Physiology 76(1): 131-138.

Brummell, D.A. & Harpster, M.H. 2001. Cell wall metabolism in fruit softening and quality and its manipulation in transgenic plants. Plant Molecular Biology 47: 311-340.

Brummell, D.A. 2006. Cell wall disassembly in ripening fruit. Functional Plant Biology 33(2): 103-119.

Cao, S., Zheng, Y. & Yang, Z. 2011. Effect of 1-MCP treatment on nutritive and functional properties of loquat fruit during cold storage. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 39(1): 61-70.

Dharini Sivakumar, Yuming Jiang & Elhadi M. Yahia. 2011. Maintaining mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit quality during the export chain. Food Research International 44(5): 1254-1263.

Ding, P. & Ong, P.T. 2010. Extending ‘Kampuchea’ guava shelf-life at 27°C using 1-Methylcyclopropene. International Food Research Journal 17: 63-69.

Ding, P. & Darduri, K.B. 2009. Responses of Musa AAA Berangan to 1-methylcyclopropene. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 32(2): 125-132.

DOA. 2015. Fruit Crops Statistic Malaysia. Putrajaya: Department of Agriculture. p. 26.

Dong, L., Zhou, H.W., Sonego, L., Lers, A. & Lurie, S. 2001. Ethylene involvement in the cold storage disorder of ‘Flavortop’ nectarine. Postharvest Biology and Technology 23(2): 105-115.

Espinosa, I., Ortiz, R.I., Tovar, B., Mata, M. & Montalvo, E. 2013. Physiological and physicochemical behavior of soursop fruits refrigerated with 1-methylcyclopropene. Journal of Food Quality 36(1): 10-20.

Fawbush, F., Nock, J.F. & Watkins, C.B. 2009. Antioxidant contents and activity of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treated ‘Empire’ apples in air and controlled atmosphere storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology 52: 30-37.

Gang, C., Li, J., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Li, H., Pan, B. & Odeh, I. 2015. Synergistic effect of chemical treatments on storage quality and chilling injury of honey peaches. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 39: 1108-1117.

Geurts, F. 1981. Annonaceous Fruits. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute. p. 16.

González-Agüero, M., Tejerina Pardo, L., Zamudio, M.S., Contreras, C., Undurraga, P. & Defilippi, B.G. 2016. The unusual acid-accumulating behavior during ripening of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) is linked to changes in transcription and enzyme activity related to citric and malic acid metabolism. Molecules 21(5): E398.

Hofman, P.J., Jobin-Décor, M., Meiburg, G.F., Macnish, A.J. & Joyce, D.C. 2001. Ripening and quality responses of avocado, custard apple, mango and papaya fruit to 1-methylcyclopropene. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41: 567-572.

Hoang, N.T., Golding, J.B. & Wilkes, M.A. 2011. The effect of postharvest 1-MCP treatment and storage atmosphere on ‘Cripps Pink’ apple phenolics and antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry 127(3): 1249-1256.

Jeong, J., Huber, D.J. & Sargent, S.A. 2002. Influence of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on ripening and cell-wall matrix polysaccharides of avocado (Persea americana) fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 25(3): 241-256.

Jiménez, V.M., Gruschwitz, M., Schweiggert, R.M., Carle, R. & Esquivel, P. 2014. Identification of phenolic compounds in soursop (Annona muricata) pulp by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection. Food Research International 65: 42-46.

Kader, A.A. 1997. Fruit maturity, ripening, and quality relationships. Acta Horticulturae 485: 203-208.

Khan, A.S. & Singh, Z. 2007. 1-MCP regulates ethylene biosynthesis and fruit softening during ripening of ‘Tegan Blue’ plum. Postharvest Biology and Technology 43: 298- 306.

Lafka, T.I., Sinanoglou, V. & Lazos, E.S. 2007. On the extraction and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from winery wastes. Food Chemistry 104(3): 1206-1214.

Lalel, H.J.D., Singh, Z. & Tan, S.C. 2003. The role of ethylene in mango fruit aroma volatiles biosynthesis. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 78(4): 485-496.

Li, C., Shen, W., Lu, W., Jiang, Y., Xie, J. & Chen, J. 2009. 1-MCP delayed softening and affected expression of XET and EXP genes in harvested cherimoya fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 52: 254-259.

Li, X.W., Cao, S.F., Zheng, Y.H. & Sun, A.P. 2011. 1-MCP suppresses ethylene biosynthesis and delays softening of ‘Hami’ melon during storage at ambient temperature. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 91: 2684-2688.

Lima, M.A.C., Alves, R.E. & Filgueiras, H.A.C. 2010. Respiratory behavior and softening of soursop fruit (Annona muricata L.) after postharvest treatments with wax and 1-methylcyclopropene. Ciencia e Agrotecnologia 34(1): 155-162.

Lima, M.A.C., Alves, R.E. & Filgueiras, H.A.C. 2006. Changes related to softening of soursop during postharvest maturation. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 41(12): 1707-1713.

Liu, H., Cao, J. & Jiang, W. 2015. Changes in phenolics and antioxidant property of peach fruit during ripening and responses to 1-methylcyclopropene. Postharvest Biology and Technology 108: 111-118.

Lohani, S., Trivedi, P.K. & Nath, P. 2004. Changes in activities of cell wall hydrolases during ethylene-induced ripening in banana: Effect of 1-MCP, ABA and IAA. Postharvest Biology and Technology 31(2): 119-126.

Loizzo, M.R., Tundis, R., Bonesi, M., Menichini, F., Mastellone, V., Avallone, L. & Menichini, F. 2012. Radical scavenging, antioxidant and metal chelating activities of Annona cherimola mill. (Cherimoya) peel and pulp in relation to their total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 25(2): 179-184.

Moreno-Hernández, C.L., Sáyago-Ayerdi, S.G., García-Galindo, H.S., Mata-Montes De Oca, M. & Montalvo-González, E. 2014. Effect of the application of 1-methylcyclopropene and wax emulsions on proximate analysis and some antioxidants of soursop (Annona muricata L.). The Scientific World Journal 2014: 896853.

Oliviera, S., Guerra, N.B., Sucupira Maciel, M.I. & Souza Livera, A.V. 1994. Polyphenoloxidase activity, polyphenols concentration and browning intensity during soursop (Annona muricata L.) maturation. Journal of Food Science 59(5): 1050-1052.

Özkaya, O., Yildirim, D., Dündar, Ö. & Tükel, S.S. 2016. Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and modified atmosphere packaging on postharvest storage quality of nectarine fruit. Scientia Horticulturae 198: 454-461.

Paull, R.E. 1982. Postharvest variation in composition of soursop (Annona muricata L.) fruit in relation to respiration and ethylene production. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science 107: 582-585.

Paull, R.E., Deputy, J. & Chen, N.J. 1983. Change in organic acids, sugars, and headspace volatile during fruit ripening of soursop (Annona muricata L.). Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science 108: 931-934.

Piriyavinit, P., Ketsa, S. & Doom, V.W.G. 2011. 1-MCP extends the storage and shelf life of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 6: 15-20.

Pongprasert, N. & Srilaong, V. 2014. A novel technique using 1-MCP microbubbles for delaying postharvest ripening of banana fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 95: 42-45.

Pushp, P., Sharma, N., Joseph, G.S. & Singh, R.P. 2013. Antioxidant activity and detection of (-)epicatechin in the methanolic extract of stem of Tinospora cordifolia. Journal of Food Science and Technology 50(3): 567-572.

Ranganna, S. 1977. Manual of Analysis of Fruits and Vegetables Products. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Pub. Co. pp. 135-141, 484-572.

Razali, M., Ali, Z.M. & Othman, R. 2012. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and heat treatment affected weight loss and ethylene biosynthesis of ‘Sekaki’ papaya stored at low temperature. Acta Horticulturae 1012: 375-381.

Razzaq, K., Singh, Z., Khan, A.S., Khan, S.A.K.U. & Ullah, S. 2016. Role of 1-MCP in regulating 'Kensington Pride' mango fruit softening and ripening. Plant Growth Regulation 78(3): 401-411.

Selcuk, N. & Erkan, M. 2015. The effects of 1-MCP treatment on fruit quality of medlar fruit (Mespilus germanica L. cv. Istanbul) during long term storage in the palliflex storage system. Postharvest Biology and Technology 100: 81-90.

Sisler, E.C. & Serek, M. 1997. Inhibition of ethylene responses in plants at the receptor level: Recent development. Plant Physiology 100: 577-582.

Thaipong, K., Boonprakob, U., Crosby, K., Cisneros-Zevallos, L. & Byrne, H.D. 2006. Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19: 669-675.

Vanoli, M., Grassi, M. & Rizzolo, A. 2016. Ripening behavior and physiological disorders of 'Abate Fetel' pears treated at harvest with 1-MCP and stored at different temperatures and atmospheres. Postharvest Biology and Technology 111: 274-285.

Vishnu Prasanna, K.N., Sudhakar Rao, D.V. & Krishnamurthy, S. 2000. Effect of storage temperature on ripening and quality of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) fruits. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 75(5): 546-550.

Watkins, C.B. 2015. Advances in the use of 1-MCP. In Advances in Postharvest Fruit and Vegetable Technology, edited by Wills, R.B.H. & Golding, J. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 117-146.

Wills, R.B.H., McGlasson, W.B., Graham, D. & Joyce, D.C. 2007. Post-Harvest. An Introduction to the Physiology and Handling of Fruits, Vegetables and Ornamentals. Sydney: UNSW Press.

Wills, R.B.H., McGlasson, W.B., Graham, D. & Joyce, D.C. 1998. Postharvest: An Introduction to the Physiology and Handling of Fruit, Vegetables and Ornamentals. Wallingford: CAB International. pp. 262.

Woolf, A.B., Requejo-Tapia, C., Cox, K.A., Jackman, R.C., Gunson, A., Arpaia, M.L. & White, A. 2005. 1-MCP reduces physiological storage disorders of ‘Hass’ avocados. Postharvest Biology and Technology 35: 43-60.

Worrell, D.B., Carrington, C.M.S. & Huber, D.J. 1994. Growth, maturation and ripening of soursop (Annona muricata L.) fruit. Scientia Horticulturae 57(1-2): 7-15.

Zhang, Z., Huber, D.J. & Rao, J. 2011. Ripening delay of mid-climacteric avocado fruit in response to elevated doses of 1-methylcyclopropene and hypoxia-mediated reduction in internal ethylene concentration. Postharvest Biology and Technology 60(2): 83-91.

Zhu, X., Shen, L., Fu, D., Si, Z., Wu, B., Chen, W. & Li, X. 2015. Effects of the combination treatment of 1-MCP and ethylene on the ripening of harvested banana fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 107: 23-32.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: lemmsdoa@gmail.com