Sains Malaysiana 48(9)(2019): 1799–1810

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4809-01

 

Haematological and Biochemical Responses of Juvenile Malabar Blood Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Exposed to Different Rearing Temperatures and Diets

(Tindak Balas Hematologi dan Biokimia Ikan Merah Juvenil Tanda Hitam (Lutjanus malabaricus Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Terdedah kepada Suhu dan Diet Penternakan Berbeza)

 

SABUJ KANTI MAZUMDER1,5, SVEINUNG FIVELSTAD2, MAZLAN ABD. GHAFFAR3 & SIMON KUMAR DAS1,4*

 

1Centre for Ecosystem Management and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

2Department of Biochemical Laboratory Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway

 

3Institute of Oceanography and Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

 

4Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

5Department of Genetics and Fish Breeding, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

 

Diserahkan: 29 Oktober 2018/Diterima: 14 Jun 2019

 

ABSTRACT

This study is conducted to examine the impacts of different rearing temperature and diet variation on haematological and serum biochemical parameters on the juvenile Lutjanus malabaricus, a commercially important fish species in Malaysia. Fish (16-18 cm) were divided into eight treatments (4 temperatures × 2 diets) each with three replicates of five juveniles each. Fish were subjected to four different rearing temperatures (22, 26, 30 and 34°C) and fed with a commercial pellet and a natural shrimp diet. After 30 days of experimental period, blood samples were collected and transferred into two different tubes from each sample: One containing EDTA as an anticoagulant agent and the other without EDTA for serum collection. All the haematological and biochemical parameters in all the treatments were within the normal range. Changing temperature and diet led to a significant change (p<0.05) in the total length (TL), body weight (BW), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (HB), haematocrit (HC), thrombocyte (TC) and white blood cell (WBC) but the change in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) while mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were not significant (p>0.05). The fish reared at 26°C and 30°C had significantly higher values than those reared at 22°C and 34°C (p<0.05). Total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), albumin/globin ration (A/G ratio), alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) level were also significantly increased at 30°C and 26°C compared to that of 34°C and 22°C. Globulin (GLB) level showed the opposite trend. In all the cases the performances were higher in shrimp diet than pellet diet. It is suggested that these physiological parameters can be conveniently employed as health monitoring tools in fish culture practices.

 

Keywords: Diet; fish; haematology; serum biochemistry; temperature

 

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini dijalankan bagi meneliti impak perbezaan suhu dan variasi diet pada parameter hematologi dan serum biokimia pada juvenil Lutjanus malabaricus, satu spesies ikan komersial penting di Malaysia. Ikan (16-18 cm) dibahagikan kepada lapan rawatan (4 suhu × 2 diet) dan terdapat tiga replikat (5 ikan setiap replikat) bagi setiap rawatan. Ikan terdedah kepada empat suhu yang berbeza (22, 26, 30 dan 34°C) dan diberi makan pelet komersial dan diet udang semula jadi. Selepas 30 hari tempoh uji kaji, sampel darah diambil dan dipindahkan ke dalam dua tiub yang berbeza daripada setiap sampel: satu yang mengandungi EDTA sebagai agen antikoagulan dan yang lain tanpa EDTA untuk pengumpulan serum. Semua parameter hematologi dan biokimia dalam semua rawatan berada dalam julat normal. Perubahan suhu dan diet menyebabkan perubahan ketara (p <0.05) dalam jumlah panjang (TL), berat badan (BW), sel darah merah (RBC), hemoglobin (HB), hematokrit (HC), trombosit (TC) dan sel darah putih (WBC) tetapi perubahan jumlah min korpuskul (MCV), min sel hemoglobin (MCH), manakala nilai min kepekatan sel hemoglobin (MCHC) tidak signifikan (p > 0.05). Nilai yang lebih tinggi dilihat pada ikan yang diternak pada 26 dan 30°C daripada yang diternak pada 22 dan 34°C (p <0.05). Jumlah protein (TP), albumin (ALB), nisbah albumin/globin (nisbah A/G), alkali fosfatase (AP), tahap aspartat aminotransferase (AST) dan alanine transaminase (ALT) juga meningkat dengan ketara pada 30°C dan 26°C berbanding dengan 34°C dan 22°C. Tahap Globulin (GLB) menunjukkan keputusan yang bertentangan. Dalam semua kes, prestasi juvenil lebih tinggi apabila diternak menggunakan diet udang berbanding diet pelet. Parameter fisiologi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini telah dicadangkan sebagai pemantau kesihatan yang mudah dalam penternakan ikan.

 

Kata kunci: Diet; hematologi; ikan; serum biokimia; suhu

RUJUKAN

Abdelghany, A.E. 2002. Studies on partial and complete replacements of fish meal with Gambusia meal in diets for the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 6: 141-765.

Adam, H. 2004. Comparative studies on the effect of water quality on haematological of Orechromis niloticus under culture condition. Ph.D. Thesis of Sudan University of Science and Technology (Unpublished).

Adeyemo, O., Agbede, S., Olaniyan, A. & Shoaga, O. 2003. The haematological response of Clarias gariepinus to changes in acclimation temperature. African Journal of Biotechnology 6: 105-108.

Akinrotimi, A., Gabriel, U., Anyanwu, P. & Anyanwu, A. 2007. Influence of sex, acclimation methods and period on haematology of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Cichilidae). Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2(3): 348-352.

Atamanalp, M., Yanik, T., Haliloglu, H.Ï. & Aras, M.S. 2002. Alterations in the hematological parameters of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, exposed to cypermethrin. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 54(3): 99-103.

Barros, M.M., Pezzato, L.E., Kleemann, G.K., Hisano, H. & Rosa, G.D.M. 2002. Níveis de vitamina C e ferro para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 31: 2149-2156.

Barton, B.A. 2002. Stress in fishes: A diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integrative and Comparative Biology 42: 517-525.

Bhatt, S. & Singh, H. 1985. Effect of thermal variation on some haematological values of Schizothorax plagiostomus (Heckel). Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology 5: 204-209.

Bolarinwa, A., Oyebola, D. & Akindeinde, G. 1991. Effect of malnutrition on basal and induced gastric acid secretion. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences 5: 144-148.

Chavin, W. & Young, J.E. 1970. Factors in the determination of normal serum glucose levels of goldfish, Carassius auratus L. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 33: 629-653.

Chen, Y., Jin, S. & Wang, G. 2005. Study on blood physiological and biochemical indices of Vibrio alginilyticus disease of Lateolabrax japonicas. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait 24: 104-108.

Das, S.K., Ghaffar, M.A., Bakar, Y., Brito, M.F.G., Sharifah, M.S.A. & Temple, S.E. 2014. X-radiographic observations of food passage and nutrient absorption along the alimentary tract of archerfish, Toxotes jaculatrix. Bulletin of Marine Science 90(4): 903-919.

Das, S.K., Noor, N.M., Kai, K.S., Juan, Q.Z., Iskandar, N.S.M. & De, M. 2018. Effects of temperature on the growth, gastric emptying time, and oxygen consumption rate of masheer (Tor tambroides) under laboratory conditions. Aquaculture Reports 12: 20-24.

De, M., Ghaffar, M.A., Bakar, Y. & Das, S.K. 2016. Effect of temperature and diet on growth and gastric emptying time of the hybrid, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× E. lanceolatus♂. Aquaculture Reports 4: 118-124.

Dean, A. & Voss, D. 1999. Response surface methodology. Design and Analysis of Experiments 1: 483-529.

Dekić, R., Ivanc, A., Erić, Ž., Gnjato, R., Trbić, G., Lolić, S., Manojlović, M. & Janjić, N. 2014. Hematological characteristics of Delminichthys ghetaldii (Steindachner 1882) inhabiting the karst region of eastern Herzegovina. Archives of Biological Sciences 66: 1423-1430.

Duncan, P.L., Lovell, R.T., Butterworth Jr., C., Freeberg, L.E. & Tamura, T. 1993. Dietary folate requirement determined for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The Journal of Nutrition 123(11): 1888-1897.

Elahee, K. & Bhagwant, S. 2007. Hematological and gill histopathological parameters of three tropical fish species from a polluted lagoon on the West Coast of Mauritius. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 68: 361-371.

Enes, P., Panserat, S., Kaushik, S. & Oliva-Teles, A. 2006. Rapid metabolic adaptation in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles fed different carbohydrate sources after heat shock stress. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 145: 73-81.

Fazio, F., Marafioti, S., Arfuso, F., Piccione, G. & Faggio, C. 2013. Influence of different salinity on haematological and biochemical parameters of the widely cultured mullet, Mugil cephalus. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 46: 211-218.

Fazio, F., Faggio, C., Marafioti, S., Torre, A., Sanfilippo, M. & Piccione, G. 2012. Comparative study of haematological profile on Gobius niger in two different habitat sites: Faro Lake and Tyrrhenian Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 53: 213-219.

Ferguson, R., Merrifield, D.L., Harper, G.M., Rawling, M.D., Mustafa, S., Picchietti, S., Balcàzar, J.L. & Davies, S.J. 2010. The effect of Pediococcus acidilactici on the gut microbiota and immune status of on-growing red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Applied Microbiology 109: 851-862.

Fernandes, M.N. & Mazon, A.D.F. 2003. Environmental pollution and fish gill morphology. In Fish Adaptation, edited by Val, A.L. & Kapoor, B.G. Enfield: Science Publishers. pp. 203-231.

Ferreira, F., Santos, M.M., Reis-Henriques, M.A., Vieira, M.N. & Monteiro, N.M. 2011. The annual cycle of spermatogenesis in Lipophrys pholis (Blenniidae), a recently proposed sentinel species for pollution monitoring. Ichthyological Research 58: 360-365.

Forghally, A., Ezzat, A. & Shabana, M. 1973. Effect of temperature and salinity changes on the blood characteristics of Tilapia zilli in Egyptian littoral lakes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 46: 183-193.

Gabriel, U., Ezeri, G. & Opabunmi, O. 2005. Influence of sex, source, health status and acclimation on the haematology of Clarias gariepinus (Burch, 1822). African Journal of Biotechnology 3(9): 463-467.

Gollock, M., Currie, S., Petersen, L. & Gamperl, A. 2006. Cardiovascular and haematological responses of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to acute temperature increase. Journal of Experimental Biology 209: 2961-2970.

Gubbins, M., Eddy, F., Gallacher, S. & Stagg, R. 2000. Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins induce xenobiotic metabolising enzymes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Marine Environmental Research 50: 479-483.

Gunben, E.M., Senoo, S., Yong, A. & Shapawi, R. 2014. High potential of poultry by-product meal as a main protein source in the formulated feeds for a commonly cultured grouper in Malaysia (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Sains Malaysiana 43(3): 399-405.

Hofer, R., Stoll, M., Romani, N., Koch, F. & Sordyl, H. 2000. Seasonal changes in blood cells of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) from a high mountain lake. Aquatic Sciences 62: 308-319.

Jawad, L., Al-Mukhtar, M. & Ahmed, H. 2004. The relationship between haematocrit and some biological parameters of the Indian shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Family Clupeidae). Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 27: 47-52.

Joshi, B., Chaturvedi, L. & Dabral, R. 1980. Some haematologic values of Clarias batrachus L. following its sudden transfer to varying temperature. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 18: 76-77.

Lermen, C.L., Lappe, R., Crestani, M., Vieira, V.P., Gioda, C.R., Schetinger, M.R.C., Baldisserotto, B., Moraes, G. & Morsch, V.M. 2004. Effect of different temperature regimes on metabolic and blood parameters of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. Aquaculture 239(1-4): 497-507.

Maceda-Veiga, A., Monroy, M., Viscor, G. & De Sostoa, A. 2010. Changes in non-specific biomarkers in the Mediterranean barbel (Barbus meridionalis) exposed to sewage effluents in a Mediterranean stream (Catalonia, NE Spain). Aquatic Toxicology 100: 229-237.

Maricondi-Massari, M., Kalinin, A., Glass, M. & Rantin, F. 1998. The effects of temperature on oxygen uptake, gill ventilation and ECG waveforms in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Thermal Biology 23: 283-290.

Marković, Z., Dulić, Z., Živić, I. & Mitrović-Tutundžić, V. 2009. Influence of abiotic and biotic environmental factors on weight gain of cultured carp on a carp farm. Archives of Biological Sciences 61: 113-121.

Mazumder, S.K., Das, S.K., Rahim, S.M. & Ghaffar, M.A. 2018a. Temperature and diet effect on the pepsin enzyme activities, digestive somatic index and relative gut length of Malabar blood snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Aquaculture Reports 9: 1-9.

Mazumder, S.K., Ghaffar, M.A. & Das, S.K. 2018b. Exploring the suitable temperature and diet for growth and gastric emptying time of juvenile malabar blood snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences 35(1): 29-41.

Mazumder, S.K., Das, S.K., Bakar, Y. & Ghaffar, M.A. 2016. Effects of temperature and diet on length-weight relationship and condition factor of the juvenile Malabar blood snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B 17(8): 580-590.

Mazumder, S.K., Mazlan, A., De, M., Zaidi, C., Rahim, S. & Simon, K.D. 2014. Impact of global climate change on fish growth, digestion and physiological status: Developing a hypothesis for cause and effect relationships. Water and Environment Journal 6(2): 200-226.

Moradi, N., Imanpoor, M. & Taghizadeh, V. 2013. Hematological and biochemical changes induced by replacing fish meal with plant protein in the Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus (1785). Global Veterinaria 11: 233-237.

Munkittrick, K. & Leatherland, J. 1983. Haematocrit values in feral goldfish, Camssius auratus L., as indicators of the health of the population. Journal of Fish Biology 23: 153-161.

Noor, N.M., Das, S.K. & Ghaffar, Z. 2018. Effect of salinities on gastric emptying and nutrient absorption of tiger grouper × giant grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus) hybrid. Sains Malaysiana 47(6): 1077-1084.

Pauly, D. 1995. Simulation of the effects of oxygen on food consumption and growth of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture Research 26: 427-440.

Rahman, M.L., Salam, M.A. & Ahsan, M.E. 2017. Protein-sparing ability of carbohydrates from different sources in diets for fry of stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Sains Malaysiana 46(2): 239-244.

Rhamdia, P.O.J. & de Moraes, G.M.F.R. 2002. Características hematológicas de teleósteos brasileiros. IV. Variáveis do jundiá Rhamdia quelen (Pimelodidae). Ciência Rural 1: 693-698.

Rosenlund, G. & Skretting, M. 2006. Worldwide status and perspective on gadoid culture. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63: 194-197.

Sharaf-El-Deen, K. & Abdel-Hamid, N.A. 2002. Sublethal effects of copper sulfate malathion and paraquat on protein pattern of Oreochromis niloticus. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 6: 167-182.

Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J. 1995. Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. San Francisco: WH. Freeman & Co.

Staurnes, M., Rainuzzo, J.R., Sigholt, T. & Jøgensen, L. 1994. Acclimation of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to cold water: Sxtress response, osmoregulation, gill lipid composition and gill Na-K-ATPase activity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 109: 413-421.

Stosik, M., Deptula, W. & Travnicek, M. 2001. Studies on the number and ingesting ability of thrombocytes in sick carps (Cyprinus carpio L.). Veterinární Medicína 46: 12-16.

Tavares-Dias, M., Frascá-Scorvo, C., Novato, P. & Moraes, F. 2000. Hematological characteristics of hybrid Florida red tilapia, Oreochromis urolepis hornorun × O. mossambicus under intensive rearing. Proceedings International Simposium on Tilapia Aquaculture. pp. 533-541.

Terry, C., Hrubee, T. & Stephen, A. 2000. Haematology of fish. Eterinary Clinical Pathology 174: 1120-1125.

Treasurer, J.W., Hastie, L.C., Hunter, D., Duncan, F. & Treasurer, C.M. 2006. Effects of (Margaritifera margaritifera) glochidial infection on performance of tank-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture 256: 74-79.

Vázquez, G.R. & Guerrero, G. 2007. Characterization of blood cells and hematological parameters in Cichlasoma dimerus (Teleostei, Perciformes). Tissue and Cell 39: 151-160.

Vielma, J., Koskela, J., Ruohonen, K., Jokinen, I. & Kettunen, J. 2003. Optimal diet composition for European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus): Carbohydrate stress and immune parameter responses. Aquaculture 225(4): 3-16.

Wassef, E. & Eisawy, A. 1985. Food and feeding habit, of wild and reared gilthead bream Sparus aurita (L.). Cybium 9: 233-242.

Weiss, D.J. & Wardrop, K.J. 2011. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Wilson, R. & Taylor, E. 1993. The physiological responses of freshwater rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during acutely lethal copper exposure. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 163: 38-47.

Wise, D., Tomasso, J., Gatlin, D., Bai, S. & Blazer, V. 1993. Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on red blood cell peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase activity, and macrophage superoxide anion production in channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 5: 177-182.

Wright, P., Leathwood, P. & Plummer, D. 1972. Enzymes in rat urine: Alkaline phosphatase. Enzymologia 42(4): 317-327.

Ye, Y., Wang, Y. & Shen, Z. 2006. National guide to clinical laboratory procedures. Nanjing: Southeast University Press. pp. 246-249.

Yuan, W., Li, X., Kangjian, Y., Zhong, W., Xiumei, S., Hongfeng, T. & Xiping, L. 2005. Effect of beta-cypermethrin on GPT and GOT activities of crucian serum. Agricultural Science & Technology 6(1): 20-23.

Yue, Y.R. & Zhou, Q.C. 2008. Effect of replacing soybean meal with cottonseed meal on growth, feed utilization, and hematological indexes for juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus. Aquaculture 284: 185- 189.

Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical Analysis. 2nd edition. USA: Prentice Hall.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: skdas_maa@yahoo.com