Sains Malaysiana 48(9)(2019): 1969–1974

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4809-18

The Association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Past Infection with the Risk of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)

(Hubung Kait antara Jangkitan Lepas Virus Epstein Barr (EBV) dengan Risiko Karsinoma Sel Skuama Mulut (OSCC))

JESINDA P KERISHNAN¹, MING-KIT MAH¹, NURUL AIN BINTI MOHD FAWZI¹, ANAND RAMANATHAN^2,3, GHEE-SEONG LIM⁴, AZWATEE ABDUL AZIZ⁴, USHARANI BALASINGAM⁵ & YENG CHEN¹*

¹Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

³Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

⁴Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

⁵Faculty of Law, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 9 Februari 2019/Diterima: 11 Jun 2019

ABSTRACT

The association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with oral cancer has been widely reported in the past. However, previous studies mainly focused on the current infection of EBV without acknowledging the possibility of past infection in patients which may lead to oral cancer development. The present study aims to investigate the correlation between past EBV infections with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Both Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against EBV were screened to detect the presence of EBV in sera of OSCC patients using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The use of IgM antibody against EBV confirms current infection in patients, whereas IgG antibody would predict past infection throughout patients’ lifetime. Through the present study, we would be able to confirm whether patients with past EBV infection have a significant risk in developing oral cancer. ELISA tests were carried out to detect the presence of EBV IgG and IgM in 206 OSCC and control serum samples. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 12.0.1. Our results had shown that 96.6% (n = 199) of OSCC samples and 97.2% (n = 130) control were positive with EBV VCA IgG, however, none of the OSCC and control samples was positive for EBV VCA IgM. The presence of EBV VCA IgG in both OSCC and control suggest that past EBV infection does not play a significant role as a risk indicator for OSCC. Therefore, the association between EBV and OSCC was not well demonstrated in this study.

Keywords: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Epstein-Barr virus; immunoglobulin G (IgG); immunoglobulin M (IgM); oral squamous cell carcinoma

ABSTRAK

Hubung kait virus Epstein-Barr (EBV) dengan kanser mulut telah banyak dilaporkan sebelum ini. Namun demikian, kajian terdahulu lebih tertumpu kepada jangkitan semasa EBV tanpa mengambil kira kebarangkalian jangkitan masa lalu pada pesakit yang boleh menyebabkan perkembangan kanser mulut. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji korelasi antara jangkitan EBV yang lalu dengan Karsinoma Sel Skuama Mulut (OSCC). Kedua-dua antibodi Imunoglobulin M (IgM) dan Imunoglobulin M (IgG) terhadap EBV telah dikesan menggunakan Asai Imunojerapan Berpaut Enzim (ELISA) untuk mengenal pasti kehadiran EBV dalam sera pesakit OSCC. Antibodi IgM terhadap EBV digunakan untuk mengesahkan jangkitan semasa pada pesakit, manakala antibodi IgG dapat menjangkakan kebarangkalian jangkitan masa lalu sepanjang hayat pesakit. Melalui kajian ini, kami boleh mengesahkan sama ada pesakit yang mengalami jangkitan EBV yang lalu mempunyai tahap risiko tinggi dalam permulaan OSCC. Ujian ELISA dijalankan untuk mengesan kehadiran EBV IgG dan IgM dalam 206 sampel serum OSCC dan kawalan. Analisis statistik dijalankan menggunakan SPSS 12.0.1. Berdasarkan hasil kajian ini, didapati 96.6% (n = 199) sampel OSCC dan 97.2% (n = 130) sampel kawalan, positif dengan EBV VCA IgG. Akan tetapi, tiada sampel OSCC dan kawalan positif terhadap EBV VCA IgM. Kehadiran IgG VCA EBV dalam kedua-dua sampel OSCC dan kawalan mencadangkan bahawa jangkitan EBV yang lalu tidak memainkan peranan penting sebagai penanda risiko terhadap OSCC. Oleh yang demikian, hubung kait antara EBV dan OSCC tidak dapat dibentangkan dengan baik dalam kajian ini.

Kata kunci: Asai imunojerapan berpaut enzim; imunoglobulin G (IgG); imunoglobulin M (IgM); karsinoma sel skuama mulut; virus Epstein-Barr

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: chenyeng@um.edu.my