Sains Malaysiana 49(3)(2020): 713-719

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4903-26

 

The Risk Measurement of Horticultural Price: A Comparison Based on Financial Access in West Java, Indonesia

 

(Pengiraan Risiko Harga Hortikultur: Suatu Perbandingan berdasarkan Akses Kewangan di Jawa Barat, Indonesia)

 

ELIANA WULANDARI*, DIKA SUPYANDI & ERNAH

 

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km. 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia

 

Diserahkan: 28 Februari 2019/Diterima: 10 November 2019

 

ABSTRACT

Access to finance has been an important issue in minimizing the risk in agricultural prices. Farmers in Indonesia can access finance from different financial sources, including from banks, micro finance institutions (MFIs), farmers’ associations, traders, agricultural input kiosks, family, and friends. This research was aimed to investigate the difference of price risk between farmers who had access to finance from different financial providers and those who did not, and to analyze the price risk and its relation to some socioeconomic variables. A survey was conducted to collect data from selected horticultural farmers, i.e. potato and banana farmers at the center of potato and banana production in West Java. The price risk was analyzed using 25th percentile and coefficient of variation. Moreover, the data were analyzed using independent t-test to see the difference of the risk between the groups of farmers, and censored regression model to see the relation between price risk and some socioeconomic variables. The results show that farmers who had access to financial sources from MFIs, farmers’ associations, traders and from other financial sources had a lower price risk of banana compared to the farmers who did not have access to finance from those financial providers. The results also show that farmers having access to finance from traders had lower risk in terms of the price distribution. The findings suggest the need to enhance financial access from MFIs, farmers’ associations, and traders since those finance providers seem to have potency to minimize the farmers’ risk on price.

 

Keywords: Access to finance; horticulture; price risk

 

ABSTRAK

Akses kepada pembiayaan merupakan satu isu penting dalam meminimumkan risiko harga pertanian. Petani di Indonesia dapat mengakses pembiayaan daripada pelbagai sumber pembiayaan, termasuk bank, institusi pembiayaan mikro (MFI), persatuan petani, pedagang, kios input pertanian, keluarga dan rakan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perbezaan risiko harga antara petani yang mempunyai akses terhadap pembiayaan daripada penyedia pembiayaan dan mereka yang tidak serta menganalisis risiko harga dan kaitannya dengan beberapa pemboleh ubah sosioekonomi. Suatu kajian telah dijalankan untuk mengumpul data daripada petani hortikultur terpilih, iaitu petani kentang dan pisang di pusat pengeluaran kentang dan pisang di Jawa Barat. Risiko harga dianalisis menggunakan persentil ke-25 dan koefisien variasi. Tambahan pula, data dianalisis menggunakan uji-t bebas untuk melihat perbezaan risiko antara kelompok petani dan model regresi yang disensor untuk melihat hubungan antara risiko harga dan beberapa pemboleh ubah sosioekonomi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa petani yang mempunyai akses kepada sumber pembiayaan daripada MFI, persatuan petani, pedagang dan sumber pembiayaan lain mempunyai risiko harga pisang yang lebih rendah berbanding dengan petani yang tidak mendapat akses daripada penyedia pembiayaan tersebut. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa petani yang mendapat akses kepada pedagang mempunyai risiko yang lebih rendah daripada segi distribusi harga. Hasil kajian menunjukkan perlunya meningkatkan akses pembiayaan daripada MFI, persatuan petani dan pedagang kerana penyedia pembiayaan tersebut mempunyai potensi untuk meminimumkan risiko harga petani.

 

Kata kunci: Akses kepada pembiayaan; hortikultur; risiko harga

 

RUJUKAN

Adiprasetyo, T., Sukisno, Setyowati, N., Ginting, S. & Handajaningsih, M. 2015. The prospect of horticultural organic farming as sustainable agricultural practice for reducing poverty: The case in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology 5(6): 402-406.

Agricultural Ministry of Indonesia. 2011. Pedoman Teknis Pelaksanaan Pengembangan Hortikultura Tahun 2012. Directorate General of Horticulture, Agricultural Ministry of Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia.

Anwarudin, M.J.S., Apri, L.S., Aditia, M.K. & Yusdar, H. 2015. The dynamics of production and chili price volatility: Strategy anticipate and development policy. Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian 8(1): 33-42.

Astuti, R., Marimin, Machfud, Arkeman, Y., Poerwanto, R. & Meuwissen, M. 2013. Risks and risks mitigations in the supply chain of mangosteen: A case study. Operations and Supply Chain Management 6(1): 11-25.

BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics in Indonesia). 2019. Dynamics table output (Output tabel dinamis). https://www.bps.go.id/mod/exportData/exportPDF.php. Accessed on 21 October 2019.

BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics in Indonesia). 2017a. Provinsi Jawa Barat dalam Angka 2017. Statistics of Jawa Barat Province. ISSN 0215-2169.

BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics in Indonesia). 2017b. Tabel Dinamis Produksi Kentang dan Pisang Indonesia. https://www.bps.go.id/. Accessed on 20 October 2017.

Bluman, A.G. 2009. Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach. 7th edition. ISBN 978-0-07-353497-8.  New York: McGraw - Hill.

Bozoglu, M. & Ceyhan, V. 2007. Measuring the technical efficiency and exploring the inefficiency determinants of vegetable farms in Samsun Province, Turkey. Agricultural Systems 94: 649-656.

Chembezi, D.M. 1991. Modeling acreage response with risk consideration: The case of estate tobacco in Malawi. Agricultural Systems 36: 427-438.

Claessens, S. 2006. Access to financial services: A review of the issues and public policy objectives. The World Bank Research Observer 21(2): 207-240.

Erny, Darwanto, D.H., Masyhuri. & Waluyati, L.R. 2019. Farmer’s behavior towards Lembah Palu shallot farm risks in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. EurAsian Journal of BioSciences 13: 931-936.

Gebrehiwot, T. & Van der Veen, A. 2013. Farm level adaptation to climate change: The case of farmer’s in the Ethiopian Highlands. Environmental Management 52: 29-44. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-013-0039-3.

Girabi, F. & Mwakaje, A.E.G. 2013. Impact of microfinance on smallholder farm productivity in Tanzania: The case of Irambia District. Asian Economic and Financial Review 3(2): 227-242.

Hamzah, A.A.I.Z., Abu Bakar, Z.H., Abdul Sani, N.F., Tan, J.K., Ahmad Damanhuri, M.H., Nor Aripin, K.N., Mohd Rani, M.D., Noh, N.A., Razali, R., Mohamad, M., Makpol, S., Mazlan, M., Abdul Hamid, H. & Wan Ngah, W.Z. 2016. Relationship between education and cognitive performance among healthy Malay Adults. Sains Malaysiana 45(9): 1371-1379.

Hardaker, J.B., Lien, G., Anderson, J.R. & Huirne, R.B.M. 2015. Coping with Risk in Agriculture: Applied Decision Analysis. Wallingford-UK: CABI Publishing.

Hariyani, N., Koestiono, D. & Muhaimin, A.W. 2017. The risk level of production and price of red chili farming in Kediri Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Agricultural Socio-Economics Journal 17(02): 81-87.

Hartati, A. 2007. The effect of farmer's behavior on the risk of potato farming efficiency in Wonosobo District, Central Java. Agroland 14(3): 165-171.

Hasni. 2017. Tempting, opportunities for exporting horticultural products. Warta Pengkajian Perdagangan 1(13): 2-5.

Kaburuan, E.R., Jayadi, R. & Harisno. 2019. A design of IoT-based monitoring system for intelligence indoor micro-climate horticulture farming in Indonesia. Procedia Computer Science 157: 459-464.

Kurniati, D. 2015. Farmers' behavior towards the risk of soybean farming in South Jawai Subdistrict, Sambas District. Jurnal Social Economic of Agriculture 4(1): 32-36.

Lamprinopoulou, C., Tregear, A. & Ness, M. 2006. Agrifood SMEs in Greece: The role of collective action. British Food Journal 108(8): 663-676.

Ling Hoon Leh, O., Mohamed Musthafa, S.N.A. & Abdul Rasam, A.R. 2014. Urban environmental heath: Respiratory infection and urban factors in urban growth corridor of Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam and Klang, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 43(9): 1405-1414.

Ogurtsov, V.A., Van Asseldonk, M.A.P.M. & Huirne, R.B.M. 2009. Purchase of catastrophe insurance by Dutch dairy and arable farmers. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 3: 143-162.

Rachman, H.P.S. 1997. Aspek permintaan, penawaran dan tataniaga hortikultura di Indonesia. FAE 15: 1-2.

Rook, A.J., Dhanoa, M.S. & Gill, M. 1990. Prediction of the voluntary intake of grass silages by beef cattle 2 Principal component and ridge regression analysis. Animal Production 50: 439-454.

Saha, A.A. 1994. Two-season agricultural household model of output and price uncertainty. Journal of Development Economics 45: 245-269.

Schipmann, C. & Qaim, M. 2011. Supply chain differentiation, contract agriculture, and farmers’ marketing preferences: The case of sweet paper in Thailand. Food Policy 36: 667-677.

Suherman, Mega Sari, R. & Soeyatno, R.F. 2017. The impact of the Upsus national program to the price risk of red chili in Indonesia. Advances in Intelligent Systems Research 149: 67-70.

Slamet, A.S., Nakayasu, A. & Ichikawa, M. 2017. Small-scale vegetable farmers’ participation in modern retail market channels in Indonesia: The determinants of and effects on their income. Agriculture 7(11): 1-16.

Verbeek, M. 2004. A Guide to Modern Econometrics. 4th edition. London: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Wicaksono, E. 2014. The impact of agricultural credit on rice productivity. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology 4(5): 20-23.

Wulandari, E., Meuwissen, M., Karmana, M.H. & Oude Lansink, A. 2017. Access to finance from different finance provider types: Farmer knowledge of the requirements. PloS ONE 12(9): e0179285.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: eliana.wulandari@unpad.ac.id

 

 

 

 

sebelumnya