Sains Malaysiana 50(10)(2021): 2899-2911

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5010-05

Microplastic Abundance in Blood Cockles and Shrimps from Fishery Market, Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand

(Kelimpahan Mikroplastik dalam Kerang Darah dan Udang dari Pasar Ikan, Wilayah Songkhla, Selatan Thailand)

PATRICIA BLAIR GOH^1,2, SIRIPORN PRADIT^1,2*, PRAWIT TOWATANA^1,2, SOMKIAT KHOKKIATIWONG³, BUTCHANOK KONGKET¹ & JULIA HWEI ZHONG MOH⁴

¹Marine and Coastal Resources Institute, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand

²Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla University Songkhla 90110, Thailand

³Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Bangkok 10210, Thailand

⁴Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 28 November 2020/Diterima: 5 Februari 2021

ABSTRACT

Microplastics have been one of the major pollutants in the marine environment throughout the recent decade. At present, microplastic contamination in marine ecosystems of Thailand region has become an increasing environmental concern because the ingestion of microplastics in marine organisms may adversely influence the safety of seafood. Cockles and shrimps widely distribute among marine organisms in Thailand since they are one of the commercial sources of seafood, which may be a route of exposure to microplastics towards human. This study documents a market survey in order to understand the extension of microplastic presence in blood cockles (Anadara granosa), fine shrimp (Metapenaeus elegans) and Indian white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) sold in the fishery market in Singhanakorn district, Songkhla province. These selected species are widely consumed and economically important, especially in the southern Thailand region. The total microplastic concentration in blood cockles is 4.71±0.06 n/g (wet weight) and 2.64±0.01 n/individual; in fine shrimp is 0.50±0.19 n/g (wet weight) and 3.70±1.12 n/individual; in Indian white shrimp is 0.69±0.48 n/g (wet weight) and 3.45±0.04n/individual. Discovered microplastics in all the species samples were mainly composed of microplastic fibres and black colour was found to be more predominant. Our results indicate that microplastic contamination is present in Thailand’s commercial seafood species. As microplastic able to be transferred to human through food web, we suggest further market-based survey studies on other seafood sources. 

Keywords: Cockles; contamination; microplastic; shrimps

ABSTRAK

Mikroplastik ialah salah satu punca pencemar utama dalam persekitaran marin pada abad ini. Pencemaran mikroplastik dalam ekosistem marin di wilayah Thailand telah menjadi isu persekitaran yang membimbangkan kerana ketakhadaman mikroplastik dalam hidupan laut boleh mempengaruhi keselamatan makanan laut. Kerang dan udang merupakan haiwan laut yang terkenal di Thailand sebagai salah satu punca makanan laut komersial dan mungkin boleh menjadi punca pendedahan mikroplastik kepada manusia. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pencemaran mikroplastik dalam kerang darah (Anadara granosa), udang halus (Metapenaeus elegans) dan udang putih India (Fenneropenaeus indicus) yang dijual di pasar perikanan di daearah Singhanakorn, wilayah Songkhla. Spesies ini dipilih kerana ia dimakan secara meluas oleh penduduk tempatan dan penting daripada segi ekonomi terutama di wilayah selatan Thailand. Jumlah purata bilangan mikroplastik dalam kerang darah adalah 4.71 ± 0.06 n/g (berat basah) dan 2.64 ± 0.01 n/individu; dalam udang halus adalah 0.50 ± 0.19 n/g (berat basah) dan 3.70 ± 1.12 n/individu; dalam udang putih India adalah 0.69 ± 0.48 n/g (berat basah) dan 3.45 ± 0.04 n/individu. Jumlah mikroplastik yang paling tinggi dijumpai dalam semua sampel adalah mikroplastik yang berbentuk gentian dan mikroplastik yang berwarna hitam didapati paling banyak. Hasil kajian kami menunjukkan bahawa pencemaran mikroplastik berlaku dalam spesies makanan laut komersial di Thailand. Kami mencadangkan kajian berdasarkan tinjauan pasar perikanan dijalankan pada punca makanan laut lain kerana mikroplastik berpotensi dipindahkan kepada manusia melalui jaringan makanan.

Kata kunci: Kerang; mikroplastik; pencemaran; udang

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: siriporn.pra@psu.ac.th