Sains Malaysiana 50(11)(2021): 3251-3261

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5011-09

 

 

Kinetic Modeling of Essential Oil Hydro-Distillation from Peels of Pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) Fruit Grown in Southern Vietnam

(Pemodelan Kinetik Penyulingan Hidro Minyak Pati daripada Kulit Buah Pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) Ditanam di Vietnam Selatan)

 

TAN PHAT DAO1,2,3, HUYNH XUAN PHONG4, MAI HUYNH CANG5, LONG GIANG BACH2,3* & NGUYEN VAN MUOI6

 

1Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

 

2Center of Excellence for Biochemistry and Natural Products, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

 

3Institute of Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

 

4Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam

 

5Department of Chemical Engineering and Processing, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

 

6College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam

 

Diserahkan: 12 Jun 2020/Diterima: 3 Mac 2021

 

ABSTRACT

Thorough understanding of kinetics plays a key role in improving existing industrial processes. In this study, we attempted to model the kinetics of the hydro-distillation process that produces essential oil from peels of pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) fruit, which is a product with high economic value and a wide range of applications. We first determined the optimal water-to-material ratio for attaining maximal oil yield. Then, further experimental attempts were carried out at different distillation rates to generate experimental data to fit three kinetic models, namely first-order kinetics model, instantaneous washing, followed by diffusion model and simultaneous washing and diffusion model. Overall, the three models have well described the experimental kinetic data on hydro-distillation (R2> 90%). Of which, the simultaneous washing and diffusion model attaining the R2 of 99.97% was chosen as the most suitable to describe the kinetics of the extraction process. Estimated parameters also shown that the washing stage occurs more rapidly than the later, diffusion stage. GC-MS results showed that the obtained oil sample was characterized by the dominance of the D-Limonene compound (97.873%).

 

Keywords: Citrus grandis L.; essential oils; hydrodistillation; kinetics; instantaneous washing followed by diffusion model; simultaneous washing and diffusion model

 

ABSTRAK

Pemahaman menyeluruh tentang kinetik memainkan peranan penting dalam menambah baik proses perindustrian sedia ada. Dalam kajian ini, kami cuba memodelkan kinetik proses penyulingan hidro yang menghasilkan minyak pati daripada kulit buah pomelo (Citrus grandis L.), yang merupakan produk dengan nilai ekonomi yang tinggi dan pengaplikasian yang pelbagai. Kami mula-mula menentukan nisbah air-ke-bahan yang optimum untuk mencapai hasil minyak maksimum. Kemudian, percubaan uji kaji selanjutnya dijalankan pada kadar penyulingan yang berbeza untuk menjana data uji kaji agar sesuai dengan tiga model kinetik, iaitu model kinetik tertib pertama, cucian segera, diikuti model resapan dan model cucian dan resapan serentak. Secara keseluruhannya, ketiga-tiga model telah menerangkan dengan baik data kinetik uji kaji pada penyulingan hidro (R2> 90%). Antaranya, model cucian dan resapan serentak yang mencapai R2 sebanyak 99.97% telah dipilih sebagai yang paling sesuai untuk menggambarkan kinetik proses pengekstrakan. Parameter anggaran juga menunjukkan bahawa peringkat pencucian berlaku lebih cepat daripada peringkat penyebaran. Keputusan GC-MS mendedahkan bahawa sampel minyak yang diperoleh dicirikan oleh penguasaan sebatian D-Limonene (97.873%).

 

Kata kunci: Citrus grandis L.; cucian segera diikuti dengan model resapan; kinetik; minyak pati; model cucian dan resapan serentak; penyulingan hidro

 

RUJUKAN

Burcu Uysal, Fazli Sozmen, Ozgur Aktas, Birsen S. Oksal & Elif Odabas Kose. 2011. Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of the grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.) peel essential oils obtained by solvent-free microwave extraction: Comparison with hydrodistillation. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 46(7): 1455-1461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02640.x.

Charchari, S. & Hamadi, S. 2007. Kinetic study of Artemisia judaica L. essential oil steam distillation. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 10(4): 304-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2007.10643559.

Chen, H-C., Peng, L-W., Sheu, M-J., Lin, L-Y., Chiang, H-M., Wu, C-T., Wu, C-S. & Chen, Y-C. 2013. Effects of hot water treatment on the essential oils of calamondin. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 21(4): 363-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2013.08.003.

Desai, M.A., Parikh, J. & De, A.K. 2014. Modelling and optimization studies on extraction of lemongrass oil from Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) wats. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 92(5): 793-803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2013.08.011.

Dhobi, M., Mandal, V. & Hemalatha, S. 2009. Optimization of microwave assisted extraction of bioactive flavonolignan-silybinin. J. Chem. Metrol. 3: 13-23.

Díaz Reinoso, Beatriz, María Jesús González Muñoz, and Herminia Domínguez González. 2017. Introduction. In Water Extraction of Bioactive Compounds. Elsevier. pp. 1-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809380-1.00001-2.

General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Thông cáo báo chí về tình hình kinh tế - xã hội quý III và 9 tháng năm 2019. https://gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=382&idmid=2&ItemID=19362.

González-Mas, M.C., Rambla, J.L., López-Gresa, M.P., Blázquez, M.A. & Granell, A. 2019. Volatile compounds in citrus essential oils: A comprehensive review. Frontiers in Plant Science 10: 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00012.

Haqqyana, H., Tania, V.F.W., Suyadi, A.M., Kusuma, H.S., Altway, A. & Mahfud, M. 2020. Kinetic study in the extraction of essential oil from clove (Syzgium aromaticum) stem using microwave hydrodistillation. Mor. J. Chem. 8: 64-71.

Jutarut Pornpunyapat, Pakamas Chetpattananondh & Chakrit Tongurai. 2011. Mathematical modeling for extraction of essential oil from Aquilaria crassna by hydrodistillation and quality of agarwood oil. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 6(1): 18-24. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v6i1.7902.

Karim Hosni, Nesrine Zahed, Raouf Chrif, Ines Abid, Wafa Medfei, Monem Kallel, Nadia Ben Brahim & Houcine Sebei. 2010. Composition of peel essential oils from four selected Tunisian Citrus species: Evidence for the genotypic influence. Food Chemistry 123(4): 1098-1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.068.

Kitanović, S., Milenović, D. & Veljković, V.B. 2008. Empirical kinetic models for the resinoid extraction from aerial parts of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). Biochemical Engineering Journal 41(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2008.02.010.

Krishnan, R.Y. & Rajan, K.S. 2017. Influence of microwave irradiation on kinetics and thermodynamics of extraction of flavonoids from Phyllanthus emblica. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 34(3): 885-899. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20170343s20150628.

Kusuma, H.S. & Mahfud, M. 2017. Comparison of kinetic models of oil extraction from sandalwood by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. Int. Food Res. J. 24: 1697-1702.

Lan-Phi, N.T. & Vy, T.T. 2015. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of peels’ essential oils of different pomelo varieties in the south of Vietnam. Int. Food Res. J. 22(6): 2426-2431.

Mardawani Mohamad, Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali, Adnan Ripin & Arshad Ahmad. 2012. Effect of extraction process parameters on the yield of bioactive compounds from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia. Jurnal Teknologi 60: 51-57. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v60.1441.

Marković, M.S., Milojević, S.Ž., Bošković-Vragolović, N.M., Pavićević, V.P., Babincev, L.М. & Veljković, V.B. 2019. A new kinetic model for the common juniper essenstial oil extraction by microwave hydrodistillation. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 27(3): 605-612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2018.06.022.

Mateus, E.M., Carlos, L., Nogueira, T., Lourenço, J.A.A. & Marcelo Curto. M.J. 2006. Pilot steam distillation of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) from Portugal. Silva Lusitana 14(2): 203-217.

Milojević, S.Ž., Stojanović, T.D., Palić, R., Lazić, M.L. & Veljković, V.B. 2008. Kinetics of distillation of essential oil from comminuted ripe juniper (Juniperus communis L.) berries. Biochemical Engineering Journal 39(3): 547-553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2007.10.017.

Milojevic, S.Z., Radosavljevic, D.B., Pavicevic, V.P., Pejanovic, S. & Veljkovic, V.B. 2013. Modeling the kinetics of essential oil hydrodistillation from plant materials. Hemijska Industrija 67(5): 843-859. https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND121026009M.

Minh Tu, N.T., Thanh, L.X., Une, A., Ukeda, H. & Sawamura, M. 2002. Volatile constituents of Vietnamese pummelo, orange, tangerine and lime peel oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 17(3): 169-174. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1076.

Morton, J.F. & Dowling, C.F. 1987. Fruits of Warm Climates. Miami, FL: J.F. Morton.

Nguyen Dang Binh Thanh, Nguyen Trung Dung & Ta Hong Duc. 2018. Modeling of essential oil extraction process: Application for orange, pomelo, and lemongrass. Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56(4A): 182. https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/4A/12811.

Puglisi, I., De Patrizio, A., Schena, L., Jung, T., Evoli, M., Pane, A., Nguyen Van Hoa, Mai Van Tri, Wright, S., Ramstedt, M., Olsson, C., Faedda, R., di San Lio, G.M. & Cacciola, S.O. 2017. Two previously unknown Phytophthora species associated with brown rot of pomelo (Citrus grandis) fruits in Vietnam. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0172085. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172085.

Quyen, Ngo, Tran Thi Kim Ngan, Tan Phat Dao, Phan Nguyen Quynh Anh, Ngo Quoc Anh, Ngoc-Tram Nguyen Thi, Thuy Trang Le Ngoc, Le Thi Hong Nhan, Tran Thanh Truc, & Le Thi Bich Phuong. 2019. Essential oil hydrodistillation process from Vietnamese calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) peels and GC/MS analysis of essential oils components. Asian Journal of Chemistry 31(11): 2585-2588. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22148.

Sovová, H. & Aleksovski, S.A. 2006. Mathematical model for hydrodistillation of essential oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 21(6): 881-889. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1729.

Sowbhagya, H.B., Sathyendra Rao, B.V. & Krishnamurthy, N. 2008. Evaluation of size reduction and expansion on yield and quality of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seed oil. Journal of Food Engineering 84(4): 595-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.07.001.

Stanisavljević, I.T., Lazić, M.L., Veljković, V.B., Stojičević, S.S., Veličković, D.T. & Ristić, M.S. 2010. Kinetics of hydrodistillation and chemical composition of essential oil from cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L. var. Serbica Pančić) leaves. Journal of Essential Oil Research 22(6): 564-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700401.

Tan Phat Dao, Ngo Thi Cam Quyen, Thien Hien Tran, Pham Van Thinh, Pham Quoc Long, Tran Quoc Toan, Ngoc Hoi Nguyen, Do Minh Hoang Vo, Xuan Tien Le, Le Nguyen Yen Trung, Thi Thuong Nguyen, Tran Thi Yen Nhi, Tran Thanh Truc & Nguyen Van Muoi. 2020. Optimization of operating conditions of essential oil extraction of Vietnamese pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) peels by hydrodistillation process. Asian Journal of Chemistry 32(2): 237-243. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22179.

Tan Phat Dao, Thien Hien Tran, Thi Cam Quyen Ngo, Huynh Thi Kieu Linh, Le Nguyen Yen Trung, Vo Thanh Danh, Thuy Trang Le Ngoc, Nguyen Dong Yen Pham, Pham Minh Quan & Tran Quoc Toan. 2019. Extraction of essential oils from Vietnam’s orange (Citrus sinensis) peels by hydrodistillation: Modeling and process optimization. Asian Journal of Chemistry 31(12): 2827-2833. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22178.

Thien Hien Tran, Tri Duc Lam, Van Tien Nguyen, Tan Phat Dao, Le Thi Hong Nhan, Tran Quoc Toan, Dai-Viet N. Vo, Tran Anh Vy & Le Minh Bui. 2019a. Response surface methodology for optimization studies of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from Vietnamese Citrus aurantifolia (lemon fruit). IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 542: 012042. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/542/1/012042.

Thien Hien Tran, Le Ke Ha, Duy Chinh Nguyen, Tan Phat Dao, Le Thi Hong Nhan, Dai Hai Nguyen, Trinh Duy Nguyen, Dai-Viet N. Vo, Quoc Toan Tran & Long Giang Bach. 2019b. The study on extraction process and analysis of components in essential oils of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) seeds harvested in Gia Lai Province, Vietnam. Processes 7(2): 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7020056.

Viet Van Hoang. 2014. Value chain analysis and competitiveness assessment of Da Xanh pomelo sector in Ben Tre, Vietnam. Asian Social Science 11(2): 8. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n2p8.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: blgiang@ntt.edu.vn

   

 

 

 

sebelumnya