Sains Malaysiana 51(1)(2022): 137-147

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5101-11

 

Catalytic Degradation of Chlorinated Lignin in Pulp Bleaching Wastewater over Immobilized Laccase

(Degradasi Katalitik Lignin Berklorin dalam Air Buangan Pelunturan Pulpa pada Lakase Pegun)

 

XUE-FEI ZHOU1,2,3*

 

1Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473000 Nanyang, China

 

2Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fujian Province University, 350300 Fuzhou, China

 

3Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China

 

Diserahkan: 9 Januari 2021/Diterima: 22 April 2021

 

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to use molecular sieves (NaY, MCM-48, SSZ-13) and graphene oxide (GO) as supports to immobilize laccase to increase its activity and stability. A series of characterization of immobilized laccases against kinetic parameter and stability were carried out, and it was showed that the GO-immobilized laccase (Lac/GO) was better than molecular sieve-immobilized laccases (Lac/NaY, Lac/MCM, Lac/SSZ) in terms of activity and stability test using ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) as substrate. The impacts of enzymatic catalysis on degradation of chlorinated lignin from pulp bleaching wastewater were studied through the structural characterization with 31P-NMR. Lac/GO was able to perform the most extensive oxidation of the chlorinated lignin, as demonstrated by the increase of carboxyl groups and the decrease of aliphatic hydroxyl groups. Noteworthy, significant degradation of condensed lignin substructures occurred during Lac/GO catalyzed oxidation of chlorinated lignin was observed, while the content of phenolic hydroxyl groups of chlorinated lignin substantially increased due to the cleavage of β-O-4 bonds compared to molecular sieve-immobilized laccases. It was also proved that catalytic degradation using Lac/GO as a biocatalyst is the effective method to reduce pollution load of pulp bleaching wastewater. The maximum degradation of chlorinated lignin in pulp bleaching wastewater was achieved with the degradation rate of chlorinated lignin of 88.6% at 5.0 g/L Lac/GO dose, 50 °C, 4 h, pH 5.0. The removal of COD, TOC, and colour was 86.2, 85.8 and 92.2%, respectively.

 

Keywords: Biocatalysis; chlorinated lignin; degradation; laccase; pulp bleaching wastewater

 

ABSTRAK

Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menggunakan saringan molekul (NaY, MCM-48, SSZ-13) dan grafin teroksida (GO) sebagai sokongan terhadap lakase pegun untuk meningkatkan aktiviti dan kestabilan. Beberapa pencirian kepada lakase pegun terhadap parameter kinetik dan kestabilan telah dijalankan dan keputusan pencirian menunjukkan bahawa GO - lakase pegun (Lac/GO) adalah lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan saringan molekul - lakase pegun (Lac/NaY, Lac/MCM, Lac/SSZ) dari segi ujian aktiviti dan kestabilan menggunakan ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-asid sulfonik)) sebagai substrat. Kesan daripada pemangkinan enzim pada degradasi lignin berklorin daripada air buangan pelunturan pulpa telah dikaji melalui pencirian struktur menggunakan 31P-NMR. Lac/GO dapat membuat proses pengoksidaan yang paling ekstensif untuk lignin berklorin, seperti yang ditunjukkan daripada peningkatan kumpulan karboksil dan pengurangan kumpulan hidroksil alifatik. Degradasi bererti daripada substruktur lignin mampat telah berlaku ketika pemangkinan pengoksidaan Lac/GO daripada lignin berklorin telah diperhatikan, manakala kandungan kumpulan hidroksil fenol daripada lignin berklorin telah meningkat secara mendadak disebabkan pembelahan ikatan β-O-4 jika dibandingkan dengan penggunaan saringan molekul - lakase pegun. Kajian ini juga membuktikan bahawa degradasi pemangkinan menggunakan Lac/GO sebagai katalisis biopemangkin merupakan kaedah yang berkesan untuk menurunkan pencemaran yang disebabkan daripada air buangan pelunturan pulpa. Degradasi maksimum lignin berklorin dalam air buangan pelunturan pulpa telah dicapai dengan kadar degradasi lignin berklorin pada 88.6% pada dos 5.0 g/L Lac/GO, 50 °C, 4 jam, pH 5.0. Penyingkiran COD, TOC dan warna masing-masing adalah 86.2, 85.8 dan 92.2%.

 

Kata kunci: Air buangan pelunturan pulpa; biopemangkin; degradasi; lakase; lignin berklorin

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: lgdx602@sina.com

 

 

 

   

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