The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 12 No 1 (2008): 88 - 94

 

 

KANDUNGAN TOLUENA DAN XILENA DALAM DEBU JALAN DI SEKITAR KUALA LUMPUR

 

Mohd Rozali Othman dan Nor Faizawati Zulkifli

 

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kabangsaan Malaysia,

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

 

Abstract

The objective of this study is to determine the content of toluene and xylene in street dust (<38 µm and 38  – 63 µm in diameters) collected at various sites in the vicinity of Kuala Lumpur. Both pollutants were  believed had been used as an additive in petrol to increase an octane number. After extraction by either soxhlet or agitating method, gas chromatography with flame ionization detector was used to quantify the amount of both parameters in street dust samples. Result obtained showed that the samples collected in urban areas recorded a higher concentration of toluene and xylene. ANOVA test showed that there are a significant differences between locations due to traffic flows and between two different sizes of dust particles.

 

Keywords: street dust, toluene, xylene, analysis

 

References

1.         Katyal, T., Satake, M., Kumar, R. 1989. Environment Pollution, New Dehli: Anmol Publications, 10-57.

2.         Rozali, M. O., Lim Sun Hoo, 2000. Kajian Beberapa Parameter Fizis dan Kandungan Kimia Debu Jalan Raya di Sekitar Kuala Lumpur, Kajang, Bandar Baru Bangi, Bangi Lama, Nilai dan Seremban. Malays. J. Anal. Sci. 6 (1). 162-172.

3.         Rozali, M.O., Mohamed Nazir Ramlan, 2000. Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat dalam Dampel Debu Jalan Raya di Sekitar Kuala Lumpur, Kajang, Bandar Baru Bangi, Bangi Lama, Nilai dan Seremban. Malays. J. Anal. Sci. 6(1). 112-119.

4.         Laharne, S., Charleswort, D., Chowdhry, B., 1992. A Survey of Metal Lives in Street Dust in Inner London Neighbourhood. Environ. Inter. 18. 236-270.

5.         Sani, S., 1975. Iklim Bandar dan Pencemaran Udara. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka. Hlm 81-83.

6.         Davies, B.E., Elwood, P.C., Gallacher, J.E., Ginnerer, R.C., 1985. The Relationship between Heavy Metals in Garden Soils and House Dust in an Old Lead Mining Area of North Wales, Great Britain. Environ. Pollut. 9 (Series B). 255-266.

7.         Harrison,  R.M.,  Mora,  S.  J.,  Rapsomakins,  S.,  Johnston,  W.R.,  1992.  Introductory  Chemistry  for Environmental Sciences. New York: Cambridge University Press.

8.         Zaini, H., 1997. Pengenalan Pencemaran Udara. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka.

9.         Rozali, M. O., Mohd Kamal Md. Zin, 1997. Kandungan Logam Berat Dalam Debu Jalan Di Sekitar Bandar Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Malays. J. Anal. Sci. 3(1). 101-112.

10.      Massadeh, A.M., 2003. Distributions of Copper and Zinc in Different Fractions of Particle Sizes in Road Dust Samples in Irbid City, Jordan using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Res. J. Chem. Environ. 7(4). 49–54.

11.      Dictionary Organic Compaunds, 1983.  Ed. Ke-5. New York: Chapman & Hall.

12.      Butler, J.D., 1979. Air Pollution Chemistry. London: Academic Press.

13.      Kupchella, C.E., Hyland, M.C., 1993. Environment Science: Living within the System of Nature. Ed. Ke-3.

14.      Simons, C., 1995. The Lies of Unleaded Petrol - Part 2. Highly Toxic Chemicals are Replacing the Lead in Our Fuel, yet Government Authorities Continue to Underestimate the Serious Risks to Public Health. NEXUS Magazine.. 2(26). http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/ulp2.html

15.      Crabtree, J.M, Roziah Hj. Mohamed, Zani bin Assim, 1997. Aromatics (Benzene, Toluene and Xylene) and Oxygenate (Methly tert-Butyl Ether) Contents in Unleaded Gasoline. Abstracts 2nd International Conference on Environmental Chemistry and Geochemistry In The Tropic (Geotrop)”, hlm. 31. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysia.

16.      Kokosa, J.M., Andrzej, P., 2002.   Headspace Microdrop Analysis- An Alternative Test Method for Gasoline Diluent and Benzene, Toluene, Ethlybenzene and Xylenes in used Engine Oils.  J. Chromatogr. 983. 205-214.

17.      Dean, J.R., Guohua Xiong, 2000. Extraction of Organic Pollutants from Environmental Matries: Selection of Extraction Technique. Trends in Anal. Chem. 19(9). 553-558.

18.      Buch, A., Sternberg, R., Meunier, D., Rodier, C., Laurent, C. (2003) “Solvent Extraction of Organic Molecules of Exobiological Interest for in-situ Analysis of the Martin Soil” J. Chromatogr. A(999). 165- 174.