The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 12  No 1 (2008): 16 – 21

 

 

 

DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT BY SOXHLET EXTRACTION AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-FLAME IONIZATION DETECTION

 

Nor Fairolzukry Ahmad Rasdy,  M. Marsin Sanagi, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim*, Ahmedy Abu Naim

 

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.

 

*Corresponding author: marsin@kimia.fs.utm.my

 

 

Abstract

A method has been developed for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from palm oil mill effluent based on gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Extraction of spiked PAHs (napthalene, fluorene  phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene) in palm oil waste was carried out by Soxhlet extraction using hexane-dichloromethane (60:40 v/v) as the solvent. Excellent separations were achieved using temperature  programmed GC on Ultra-1 fused-silica capillary column (30 m × 250 µm ID), carrier gas helium at a flow rate of 1 mL/min.

 

Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, GC-FID, Soxhlet extraction

 

References

1.         Zakrzewski,  S.  F.  1991.  Principles  of  Environmental  Toxicology.  ACS  Professional  Reference    Book.  American Chemical Society, Washington D.C.

2.         Flotron, V, Houssou, J, Bosio, A, Delteil, Bermond, A, Camel, V. 2003.  Rapid Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludges using microwave-assisted solvent extraction comparison with other extraction methods. J. Chromatogr. A, 999. 175-184.

3.         Korytar, P., Leonards P. E. G. 2002. High-resolution separation of polychlorinated biphenyls by comprehensive two- dimensional gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 958. 203-218.

4.         Chen,  C.S.,  Rao,  P.S.C.  and Lee,  L.  S.  1996.  Evaluation  of  Extraction  and  Detection  Methods  for  Determining Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Coal Tar Contaminanted Soils. Pergamon. 32. 1123-1132.

5.         Codina, G., Vaquero, M. T., Commellas, L, Broto-Puig, F. 1994. Comparison of various extraction  and clean-up methods for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludge-amended soils. J. Chromatogr. A, 673, 21-29.

6.         Dadan Hermawan, M. Bachi Amran and Buchari ,2002. Study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, PAH Content in Sediment by HPLC Method. Proceeding InSECT 2002. 206-212.

7.         Berset, J. D. and  Holzer, R. 1995. Organic micropollutants in Swiss agriculture: Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,PAHs and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Soil, Liquid  Manure, Sewage Sluge, and Compost Samples; A Comparative Study. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 59. 145-155.

8.         Miege, C.,    Dugay,  J.  and  Hennion,  M.  C.  2003.  Optimization,  validation and  comparison of  various  extraction techniques for the determination of PAH in sewage sludges by liquid  chromatography coupled to diode-array and fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. A. 995. 87-97.