Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 3 (2018): 391 - 403

KAJIAN KELIKATAN PELARUT EUTEKTIK RELINA TERHADAP PENGEKSTRAKAN α-TOKOFEROL DARIPADA MINYAK SAWIT MENTAH

(Study on Viscosity of Reline Deep Eutectic Solvent on The α-Tocopherol Extraction From Crude Palm Oil)

Noor Hasyimah Hussain, Zetty Shafiqa Othman, Edison Eukun Sage, Rozida Mohd Khalid, Nur Hasyareeda Hassan*

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan,

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

*Pengarang utama: syareeda@ukm.edu.my

Received: 7 June 2017; Accepted: 14 March 2018

Abstrak

DES Relina diklasifikasikan sebagai pelarut hijau dan serasi untuk digunakan bagi pengekstrakan α-tokoferol (α-T) daripada minyak sawit mentah (CPO) kerana kemampuannya untuk membentuk ikatan hidrogen yang kuat dengan molekul α-T. Kepekatan dan hasil α-T dikuantifikasi menggunakan kromatografi cecair prestasi tinggi fasa berbalik (RP-HPLC). Dua parameter dikaji melalui penggunaan lima siri nisbah CPO: DES relina (1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4 dan 1: 5) pada 2 dan 3 jam masa pengekstrakan untuk mengenalpasti keadaan optimum bagi pengekstrakan α-T. Kepekatan α-T untuk semua sampel yang diekstrak dibandingkan dengan kawalan (tanpa DES relina) memberikan nisbah 1: 2 (CPO: DES relina) dengan kelikatan pelarut 5.7 ± 0:58 cP pada 3 jam masa pengekstrakan sebagai keadaan pengekstrakan terbaik bagi mendapatkan kepekatan α-T tertinggi iaitu 825.321 ± 74.27 mg / L dengan keberhasilan 0.1554 ± 0.0156 (%). Perkara ini menunjukkan bahawa keadaan tersebut merupakan keadaan yang paling kondusif bagi penyerapan molekul α-T ke dalam ruang kosong dalam struktur pelarut di mana molekul α-T dan DES relina berinteraksi melalui ikatan hidrogen. Ikatan hidrogen yang kuat terbentuk antara kumpulan –OH α-T dengan kumpulan amina –NH₂ DES relina merupakan faktor peningkatan keupayaan DES relina untuk mengekstrak sebatian α-T yang tinggi daripada CPO.

Kata kunci: penderma ikatan hidrogen, pelarut eutektik dalam relina, tokoferol, kelikatan

Abstract

Reline DES was classified as a green solvent and compatible to be used for α-tocopherol (α-T) extraction from crude palm oil (CPO) due to its ability to form strong hydrogen bond with α-T molecule. The α-T concentration and yield was quantified using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Two parameters were studied through utilization of five CPO: Reline DES ratio series (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5) at 2 and 3 hours extraction time in determining optimize α-T extraction condition. Concentration of α-T for all extracted samples was compared to the control (without reline DES) resulted towards CPO: Reline DES ratio of 1:2 with solvent viscosity of 5.7 ± 0.58 cP at 3 hours extraction time as the best condition to obtain the highest α-T concentration of 825.321 ± 74.27 mg/L with the yield of 0.1554 ± 0.0156 (%). It can be concluded that this condition is the most conducive for α-T molecules diffusion into free space of solvent structure in which molecules of α-T and reline DES interact through hydrogen bond. The strong hydrogen bond formed between –OH group of α-T and -NH₂ group of reline DES is the factor enhancing the capability of reline DES to extract higher α-T compound from CPO.

Keywords: hydrogen bond donor, reline deep eutectic solvent, tocopherol, viscosity

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