Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 23 No 5 (2019): 818 - 827

DOI: 10.17576/mjas-2019-2305-07

 

 

 

DURIAN SHELL HUSK EXTRACT ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF COPPER OXIDES NANOPARTICLES FOR THE PHOTODEGRADATION OF PARACETAMOL

 

(Ekstrak Sekam Kulit Durian Membantu Sintesis Nanozarah Tembaga Oksida Untuk Fotodegradasi Paracetamol)

 

Ahmad Masudi¹, Nurfatehah Wahyuny Che Jusoh^1,2*, Zunika Bakri¹, Aishah Abdul Jalil^2,3, Roshafima Rasit Ali ^1,2, Nur Farhana Jaafar⁴

 

¹Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT),

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Center of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy

³School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

⁴School of Chemical Sciences,

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  nurfatehah@utm.my

 

 

Received: 13 February 2019; Accepted: 20 September 2019

 

 

Abstract

A series of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles catalysts were prepared via electrochemical method. The addition of different concentrations of Durian Shell Husk (DSH) extract in the electrolyte system was evaluated for degradation of paracetamol under visible light irradiation. The catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The characterization data showed that the different sizes of CuO were obtained when the amount of DSH extract added into the electrolyte system were varied. The crystallite size of CuO prepared with DSH was decreased from 40 nm to 29 nm, which showed the role of DSH extract as a capping agent. The particle sizes   reduction caused a significant increment towards paracetamol degradation. The initial degradation rate was increased from 2.67×10^-2 to 7.28×10^-2 mg/L.min. From this study, the optimum condition was noticed for CuO that was prepared by using     0.06 mg/L of DSH extract at a paracetamol initial concentration of 10 mg/L (pH 9) by using 0.1 g/L catalyst. Finally, the result could contribute to the production of copper oxide with ideal sizes using abundant agriculture waste extract for the removal of paracetamol in wastewater.

 

Keywords:  electrochemical, copper oxide, durian shell husk, paracetamol

 

Abstrak

Satu siri pemangkin nanozarah tembaga oksida (CuO) telah disediakan melalui kaedah elektrokimia. Penambahan pelbagai kepekatan ekstrak sekam kulit durian (DSH) dalam sistem elektrolit telah dinilai untuk degradasi paracetamol di bawah sinar cahaya boleh lihat. Pemangkin telah dicirikan menggunakan pembelauan sinar-X (XRD), spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR) and mikroskopi imbasan elektron (SEM). Data pencirian menunjukkan bahawa pelbagai saiz CuO diperoleh apabila jumlah ekstrak DSH yang ditambah di dalam sistem elektrolit telah diubah-ubah. Saiz kristal CuO yang disediakan menggunakan DSH menurun dari 40 nm ke 29 nm, yang mana menunjukkan peranan ekstrak DSH sebagai ejen pelekatan. Pengurangan saiz zarah ini menyebabkan kenaikan ketara terhadap degradasi paracetamol. Kadar degradasi awal meningkat daripada 2.67×10^-2 kepada 7.28×10^-2 mg/L.min. Daripada kajian ini, keadaan optimum telah dikenalpasti untuk CuO yang disediakan  menggunakan 0.06 mg/L ekstrak  DSH  pada  kepekatan  awal paracetamol 10 mg/L (pH 9) dengan menggunakan 0.1 g/L pemangkin. Akhirnya, hasil kajian ini dapat menyumbang kepada penghasilan tembaga oksida dengan saiz yang ideal menggunakan ekstrak sisa buangan pertanian untuk penyingkiran paracetamol dalam air sisa.

 

Kata kunci:  elektrokimia, tembaga oksida, sekam kulit durian, paracetamol

 

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