{"id":498,"date":"2015-08-26T10:53:13","date_gmt":"2015-08-26T02:53:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/?page_id=498"},"modified":"2026-10-07T11:18:36","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T03:18:36","slug":"kursus-citra-wajib-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/kursus-citra-wajib-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Kursus Citra Wajib"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"498\" class=\"elementor elementor-498\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-759ea243 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"759ea243\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71e47501\" data-id=\"71e47501\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18225672 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"18225672\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h2 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Fakulti Pengajian Sains Citra<\/h2><div class=\"ekit_heading_separetor_wraper ekit_heading_elementskit-border-divider ekit-dotted\"><div class=\"elementskit-border-divider ekit-dotted\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6636a3cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"6636a3cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-center\"><h3 class=\"elementskit-section-subtitle  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCITRA UKM\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3><h2 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Kursus Citra Wajib<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c1cbd2e elementor-align-left elementor-align--mobilecenter elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button\" data-id=\"4c1cbd2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<div class=\"ekit-btn-wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/join.ukm.my\/\" class=\"elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDaftar Sekarang\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c68db8c\" data-id=\"2c68db8c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aa63aac elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1aa63aac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_translateY_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_translateY_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;bounceInUp&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_translateY_affectedRange&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:0,&quot;end&quot;:100}},&quot;motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-white-300x212.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-20791\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-white-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-white-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-white-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-white-1536x1086.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-white-2048x1448.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-white-600x424.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-35fc59b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"35fc59b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-19197cfa\" data-id=\"19197cfa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f5914dc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5f5914dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-339091f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"339091f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c7596b9\" data-id=\"3c7596b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d1269ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d1269ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-562795e4\" data-id=\"562795e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f07b306 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5f07b306\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"724\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-1-1024x724.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20787\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-1-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-1-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-1-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-1-1536x1086.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-1-2048x1448.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-FPSC-1-600x424.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0cf42f\" data-id=\"5d0cf42f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-407e298 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"407e298\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Kursus Wajib Universiti&nbsp;<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Taraf kursus adalah <b>CW<\/b> dan kursus ini ditawarkan oleh Fakulti Pengajian Sains Citra (FPSC).<br>Pelajar perlu lulus dan melengkapkan 10 kredit.<br>Kursus Wajib Universiti adalah seperti dibawah.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bd9a53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bd9a53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a56e8aa\" data-id=\"a56e8aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ed453d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ed453d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Warganegara (10 Kredit)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-642568f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"642568f8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3028a4dd\" data-id=\"3028a4dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77794599 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"77794599\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ac1157a elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-accordion\" data-id=\"7ac1157a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\n        <div class=\"elementskit-accordion accordion-4\" id=\"accordion-6af8c3eae337c\">\n\n            \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-0-7ac1157a\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-31ac25c6af8c3eae337c\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" role=\"button\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-31ac25c6af8c3eae337c\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-31ac25c6af8c3eae337c\">\n                                                            <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_left_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n                                        <i class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">LMCW1022 \u2013 Asas Keusahawanan dan Inovasi<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-31ac25c6af8c3eae337c\" class=\" collapse\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-0-7ac1157a\" data-parent=\"#accordion-6af8c3eae337c\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 81\"><div class=\"layoutArea\"><div class=\"column\"><p>Kursus ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan keusahawanan kepada semua pelajar UKM. Objektif utama adalah untuk memberi ilmu asas keusahawanan kepada pelajar, serta mendorong pelajar UKM\u00a0 untuk menceburi bidang keusahawanan sebagai salah satu pilihan kerjaya yang patut diberi perhatian. Konsep dan teori keusahawanan meliputi pembinaan pasukan dan kepimpinan, strategi dan pengurusan, pemasaran dan kajian pasaran, kewangan, pembuatan\/penghasilan serta kemahiran pembentangan lisan akan diajar. Kaitan antara pelbagai komponen perniagaan yang diajar digarap melalui simulasi perniagaan yang akan dijalankan oleh pelajar, secara individu dan juga berkumpulan. Pelajar juga akan mengadakan perbincangan dan membentangkan satu rancangan perniagaan.<\/p><p><em>This course aims to introduce to an entrepreneurship to all UKM students. Its main objective is to provide basic knowledge of entrepreneurship to the students and to encourage them to choose business as their career option. The concepts and theory of entrepreneurship that include team building (teaming) and leadership, strategy and management, marketing and market research, finance, manufacturing or production and oral presentation will be taught. Students will apply the link between various business components taught in the course individually and in groups.\u00a0 Students will also have discussions and present a business plan.<\/em><\/p><\/div><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"layoutArea\"><strong>Bacaan Asas<\/strong><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 82\"><div class=\"layoutArea\"><div class=\"column\"><ul><li>Rosilah H., Norngainy T., Mohd Hizam H., Wan Mimi Diyana W. Z. (pnyt) et. al. 2017.\u00a0<em>Principles of Entrepreneurship and Innovation<\/em>.Edisi Ketiga. Bangi: Pusat Citra UKM.<\/li><li>Sodri Ariffin &amp; Syahira Hamidon (pnyt). 2017.\u00a0<em>Introduction to Entrepreneur<\/em>. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford Fajar.<\/li><li>Norasmah O., Rosilah H., Wan Mimi Diyana W. Z. (pnyt). 2017.\u00a0<em>Pendidikan Asas Keusahawanan.<\/em>\u00a0Bangi: Penerbit UKM.<\/li><li>J &amp; Tid. J . 2011.\u00a0<em>Innovation and Entrepreneurship<\/em>. UK: John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/li><li>Bters, T.H., Dorf, R.C., &amp; Nelson, A.J., 2014.\u00a0<em>Technology Ventures: From Idea to Enterprise.<\/em>Edisi keempat. McGraw-Hill International.<\/li><li>Rosli Mahmood, Azrain Nasyrah Mustapa, Rosli Saad, Mohamad Yusop Mohd Jani, Norria Zakaria, &amp; Syahrina Abdullah.\u00a0<em>Prinsip-prinsip Keusahawanan: Pendekatan Gunaan<\/em>. Edisi Kedua. Singapura: Cengage Learning Asia Pte. Ltd.<\/li><li>Kuratko, D. F. 2009.\u00a0<em>Introduction to Entrepreneurship<\/em>. 8e International Edition. United State: South-Western Cengage Learning.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-1-7ac1157a\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-f905f776af8c3eae337c\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" role=\"button\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-f905f776af8c3eae337c\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-f905f776af8c3eae337c\">\n                                                            <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_left_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n                                        <i class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">LMCW2152 - Integriti dan Antirasuah<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-f905f776af8c3eae337c\" class=\" collapse\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-1-7ac1157a\" data-parent=\"#accordion-6af8c3eae337c\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <p>Kursus ini merangkumi konsep asas rasuah termasuk nilai integriti, bentuk perlakuan rasuah, salah guna kuasa dalam aktiviti seharian dan organisasi serta kaedah pencegahan rasuah. Kes berkaitan rasuah juga dibincangkan. Kaedah pengajaran dan pembelajaran dilaksanakan dalam bentuk \u2018pembelajaran berdasarkan pengalaman\u2019 melalui aktiviti individu dan kumpulan. Di akhir kursus ini, pelajar dapat memahami amalan integriti, konsep rasuah dan salah guna kuasa serta pencegahan rasuah dalam masyarakat dan organisasi.<\/p><p><em>This course covers the basic concept of corruption including the value of integrity, forms of corruption, abuse of power in daily activities and organizations as well as ways to prevent corruption. Cases related to corruption are discussed. Teaching and learning methods are implemented in the form of \u2018experiential learning\u2019 through individual and group activities. At the end of this course, students are able to understand the practice of integrity, the concept of corruption and abuse of power as well as the prevention of corruption in society and organizations.<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Bacaan Asas<\/strong><\/p><ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><li>Mohamad Tarmize Abdu Manaf (2020). Nota Pencegahan rasuah. Penerbit Bahagian Pendidikan Masyarakat, Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia. Putrajaya.<\/li><li>Mohamad Tarmize Abdul Manaf et al. (2020). Kursus Integriti dan Rasuah IPT. Penerbit Bahagian Pendidikan Masyarakat, Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia. Putrajaya.<\/li><li>Mohd Firdaus Ramlan (2021). Tumbuk Rusuk: Pengkisahan Dari Tirai Besi. Akademi Kajian Rantau Nusantara Akar. Batu Caves, Selangor. Pusat Governans, Integriti dan Antirasuah Nasional (2019). Pelan Antirasuah Nasional 2019-2023. Jabatan Perdana Menteri,Putrajaya.<\/li><li>Zulkanain Abdul Rahman, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Rus &amp; Noor Ain Mat Noor (2017). Sejarah Perjuangan SPRM: Satu Perjalanan. Universiti Malaya,\u00a0Kuala\u00a0Lumpur.<\/li><\/ul>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-2-7ac1157a\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-dd379206af8c3eae337c\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" role=\"button\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-dd379206af8c3eae337c\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-dd379206af8c3eae337c\">\n                                                            <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_left_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n                                        <i class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">LMCW2162 - Etika Kecerdasan Buatan Untuk Kesejahteraan Manusia<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-dd379206af8c3eae337c\" class=\" collapse\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-2-7ac1157a\" data-parent=\"#accordion-6af8c3eae337c\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <p>Kursus ini membincangkan prinsip-prinsip etika yang berkaitan dengan pembangunan<br \/>dan aplikasi kecerdasan buatan (AI). Dengan perkembangan pesat teknologi AI, timbul pelbagai persoalan moral dan tanggungjawab, seperti privasi data, bias algoritma,<br \/>ketelusan, dan impak sosial. Kursus ini menganalisis cabaran etika dan menawarkan<br \/>pendekatan untuk membuat keputusan beretika dalam pembangunan teknologi. Pelajar<br \/>akan didedahkan kepada kes-kes kajian sebenar, kerangka dasar antarabangsa, dan<br \/>prinsip pembangunan mampan, sekaligus memperkukuhkan keupayaan mereka untuk<br \/>merumuskan penyelesaian yang bertanggungjawab dalam dunia digital.<\/p><p><em>This course examines the ethical principles underlying the development and application<\/em><br \/><em>of artificial intelligence (AI). As AI technology evolves rapidly, it raises critical moral<\/em><br \/><em>and accountability questions, including those related to data privacy, algorithmic bias,<\/em><br \/><em>transparency, and social impact. The course examines ethical challenges and introduces<\/em><br \/><em>frameworks for ethical decision-making in technology development. Students will<\/em><br \/><em>engage with real-world case studies, international policy frameworks, and sustainable<\/em><br \/><em>development principles, enhancing their ability to propose responsible solutions in the<\/em><br \/><em>digital era.<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Bacaan Asas<\/strong><\/p><ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><li>Bryson, J. J., &amp; Winfield, A. F. (2021). Standardizing ethical design for artificial<br \/>intelligence and autonomous systems.<\/li><li>IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society,<br \/>2(4), 258-267.<\/li><li>Jobin, A., Ienca, M., &amp; Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(9), 389-399.<\/li><li>Manning, L., Brewer, S., Craigon, P. J., Frey, J., Gutierrez, A., Jacobs, N., Kanza, S.,<br \/>Munday, S., Sacks, J., &amp; Pearson, S. (2022). Artificial intelligence and ethics within the<br \/>food sector: Developing a common language for technology adoption across the<br \/>supply chain. Trends in Food Science &amp; Technology, 125, 33-42.<\/li><li>Stahl, B. C., &amp; Leach, T. (2023). Assessing the ethical and social concerns of artificial<br \/>intelligence in neuroinformatics research: an empirical test of the European Union<br \/>Assessment List for Trustworthy AI (ALTAI). AI Ethics, 3, 745\u2013767.<\/li><li>Whittlestone, J., Nyrup, R., Alexandrova, A., Dihal, K., &amp; Cave, S. (2020). The role and<br \/>limits of principles in AI ethics: Towards a<\/li><\/ul>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-3-7ac1157a\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-a4384656af8c3eae337c\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" role=\"button\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-a4384656af8c3eae337c\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-a4384656af8c3eae337c\">\n                                                            <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_left_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n                                        <i class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">LMCW2232 - Falsafah dan Cabaran Semasa<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-a4384656af8c3eae337c\" class=\" collapse\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-3-7ac1157a\" data-parent=\"#accordion-6af8c3eae337c\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <p>Kursus ini menjelaskan asas dan kerangka pemikiran falsafah yang mendasari pembinaan<br \/>masyarakat Malaysia, dengan menekankan gagasan utama seperti Rukun Negara, Falsafah<br \/>Pendidikan Kebangsaan, Falsafah Sejahtera, dan Falsafah MADANI. Penggunaan<br \/>analisis falsafah sebagai alat berfikir diperkenalkan sebagai pendekatan intelektual yang sistematik dalam memahami serta menangani pelbagai cabaran kehidupan semasa. Melalui<br \/>pendedahan kepada komponen-komponen utama ilmu falsafah, pelajar akan dididik untuk<br \/>menganalisis isu-isu kontemporari serta mengembangkan keupayaan berfikir secara kritis<br \/>dan reflektif. Di akhir kursus, pelajar diharapkan mampu menilai serta merumus strategi<br \/>berasaskan pendekatan falsafah bagi mendepani cabaran masa depan dan seterusnya<br \/>menyumbang kepada pembentukan masyarakat Malaysia yang inklusif, sejahtera dan<br \/>berpandangan jauh.<\/p><p><em>This course explains the foundations and framework of philosophical thought that<\/em><br \/><em>underpins the development of Malaysian society, by emphasizing key ideas such as<\/em><br \/><em>the Rukun Negara (the National Principles), the Philosophy of National Education,<\/em><br \/><em>the Philosophy of Sejahtera, and the Philosophy of MADANI. The use of philosophical<\/em><br \/><em>analysis as a thinking tool is introduced as a systematic intellectual approach in<\/em><br \/><em>understanding and addressing the various challenges of current life. Through exposure<\/em><br \/><em>to the main components of philosophical knowledge, students will be educated to analyze<\/em><br \/><em>contemporary issues and develop the ability to think critically and reflectively. At the<\/em><br \/><em>end of the course, students are expected to be able to evaluate and formulate strategies<\/em><br \/><em>based on a philosophical approach to face future challenges and thus contribute to the<\/em><br \/><em>formation of an inclusive, prosperous and far-sighted Malaysian society.<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Bacaan Asas<\/strong><\/p><p>Muhammad, A. (Peny.). (2022). Modul Falsafah dan Isu Semasa [Modul Infografik].<br \/>Islamic and Strategic Studies Institute, International Islamic University Malaysia.<br \/>Solomon, R.C. &amp; Higgins, K.M. (2010). The Big Questions: A Short Introduction to<br \/>Philosophy (8th Ed.). Cengage Learning.<br \/>Hospers, J. (1997). An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis (4th Ed.). Routledge.<br \/>Mitchell, H.B. (2011). Roots of Wisdom: A Tapestry of Philosophical Traditions (6th<br \/>Ed.). Cengage Learning.<br \/>Osman Bakar (1999). The Classification of Knowledge in Islam. Islamic Texts Society.<br \/>Julian Baggini (2019). How the World Thinks: A Global History of Philosophy. Granta.<br \/>Nagel, Thomas. (1987). What Does It All Mean? A Very Short Introduction to Philosophy.<br \/>Oxford University Press.<br \/>Al-Attas, S.M.N. (1991). The Concept of Education in Islam. ISTAC.<br \/>Floridi, Luciano. (2021). The Logic of Information: A Theory of Philosophy as Conceptual<br \/>Design. Oxford University Press.<br \/>Sardar, Ziauddin. (2010). Welcome to Postnormal Times. Futures, 42(5), 435\u2013444.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-4-7ac1157a\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-db03b896af8c3eae337c\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" role=\"button\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-db03b896af8c3eae337c\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-db03b896af8c3eae337c\">\n                                                            <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_left_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n                                        <i class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">LMCW2242 - Aspirasi Negara Bangsa<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-db03b896af8c3eae337c\" class=\" collapse\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-4-7ac1157a\" data-parent=\"#accordion-6af8c3eae337c\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <p>Kursus ini meneroka asas pembentukan dan pembangunan negara bangsa Malaysia<br \/>yang menekankan kepada elemen kenegaraan, sejarah interaksi etnik, dan keunikan<br \/>masyarakat Malaysia. Kursus ini turut membincangkan kerangka teori perpaduan, konsep negara bangsa, serta visi Bangsa Malaysia Idaman yang berpaksikan nilai Rukun Negara,<br \/>Wawasan 2020, Malaysia Madani, dan inisiatif nasional lain. Selain itu, kursus ini memberi<br \/>pendedahan kepada pelajar tentang realiti semasa merangkumi sentimen kewilayahan<br \/>dan keserantauan serta cabaran dalam membina masyarakat yang harmoni dan inklusif.<br \/>Penekanan turut diberikan kepada pengaruh dan kesan teknologi serta perubahan iklim<br \/>terhadap aspirasi pembangunan negara bangsa, selari dengan agenda pembangunan lestari<br \/>(SDG). Pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) kursus akan memperkukuh pemahaman pelajar<br \/>tentang aspirasi Malaysia sebagai sebuah negara progresif dan toleran, menitikberatkan<br \/>nilai sepunya seperti muhibah, penerimaan, keharmonian, dan perkongsian nilai bersama.<\/p><p><em>This course explores the foundation of the formation and development of the Malaysian<\/em><br \/><em>nation-state emphasizing elements of nationhood, the history of ethnic interaction, and<\/em><br \/><em>the uniqueness of Malaysian society. This course also discusses the theoretical framework<\/em><br \/><em>of unity, the concept of the nation state, as well as the vision of the Ideal Malaysian<\/em><br \/><em>Nation centred on the values of Rukun Negara, Vision 2020, Civil Malaysia, and other<\/em><br \/><em>national initiatives. In addition, this course exposes students to contemporary realities,<\/em><br \/><em>including regional and sub-regional sentiments as well as the challenges in building a<\/em><br \/><em>harmonious and inclusive society. Emphasis is also given to the influence and impact<\/em><br \/><em>of technology and climate change on the nation-building aspirations, in line with the<\/em><br \/><em>Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The teaching and learning (PdP) of the course<\/em><br \/><em>will strengthen students' understanding of Malaysia's aspirations as a progressive and<\/em><br \/><em>tolerant country, emphasizing common values such as goodwill, acceptance, harmony,<\/em><br \/><em>and sharing common values.<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Bacaan Asas<\/strong><\/p><p>Hairol Anuar Mak Din, Shamrahayu Ab. Aziz dan Mohd Mahadee Ismail. (2024).<br \/>Penghayatan Etika dan Peradaban, Memahami Asas dan Kedinamika Negara Bangsa<br \/>Malaysia, Penerbit Universiti Islam Selangor<br \/>Mansor Mohd Noor. (2021). Changing Ethnic Boundary, Social Differentiation and the<br \/>Malaysia Stability, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia<br \/>Mohd Rahimi Ramli, Muhammad Shamsinor Abdul Azzis dan Noor Ain Mat Noor.<br \/>(2023). Penghayatan Etika dan Peradaban, UM Press<br \/>Wan Ahmad Fauzi, Wan Husain and Mohamed Anwar, Omar Din (2024) Watan bangsa<br \/>Malaysia. Selangor: Abad Sinergi Sdn Bhd. dan Penerbit UMPSA.<br \/>Zulkifli Salleh. (2024). Negara Bangsa Malaysia, Gerakan Nasionalisme, Perjuangan<br \/>Politik dan Dasar Negara, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                                        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5abb670 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5abb670\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2b4e65\" data-id=\"b2b4e65\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6084602 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6084602\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-da059c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"da059c2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f0bbe88\" data-id=\"f0bbe88\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea80b0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea80b0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bukan Warganegara (10 Kredit)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-51f80cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"51f80cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-691551d\" data-id=\"691551d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-784badb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"784badb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3edf38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-accordion\" data-id=\"f3edf38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\n        <div class=\"elementskit-accordion accordion-4\" id=\"accordion-6af8c3eae4c5c\">\n\n            \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-0-f3edf38\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-31ac25c6af8c3eae4c5c\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" role=\"button\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-31ac25c6af8c3eae4c5c\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-31ac25c6af8c3eae4c5c\">\n                                                            <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_left_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n                                        <i class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">LMCW1022 \u2013 Asas Keusahawanan dan Inovasi<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-31ac25c6af8c3eae4c5c\" class=\" collapse\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-0-f3edf38\" data-parent=\"#accordion-6af8c3eae4c5c\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 81\"><div class=\"layoutArea\"><div class=\"column\"><p>Kursus ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan keusahawanan kepada semua pelajar UKM. Objektif utama adalah untuk memberi ilmu asas keusahawanan kepada pelajar, serta mendorong pelajar UKM\u00a0 untuk menceburi bidang keusahawanan sebagai salah satu pilihan kerjaya yang patut diberi perhatian. Konsep dan teori keusahawanan meliputi pembinaan pasukan dan kepimpinan, strategi dan pengurusan, pemasaran dan kajian pasaran, kewangan, pembuatan\/penghasilan serta kemahiran pembentangan lisan akan diajar. Kaitan antara pelbagai komponen perniagaan yang diajar digarap melalui simulasi perniagaan yang akan dijalankan oleh pelajar, secara individu dan juga berkumpulan. Pelajar juga akan mengadakan perbincangan dan membentangkan satu rancangan perniagaan.<\/p><p><em>This course aims to introduce to an entrepreneurship to all UKM students. Its main objective is to provide basic knowledge of entrepreneurship to the students and to encourage them to choose business as their career option. The concepts and theory of entrepreneurship that include team building (teaming) and leadership, strategy and management, marketing and market research, finance, manufacturing or production and oral presentation will be taught. Students will apply the link between various business components taught in the course individually and in groups.\u00a0 Students will also have discussions and present a business plan.<\/em><\/p><\/div><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"layoutArea\"><strong>Bacaan Asas<\/strong><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 82\"><div class=\"layoutArea\"><div class=\"column\"><ul><li>Rosilah H., Norngainy T., Mohd Hizam H., Wan Mimi Diyana W. Z. (pnyt) et. al. 2017.\u00a0<em>Principles of Entrepreneurship and Innovation<\/em>.Edisi Ketiga. Bangi: Pusat Citra UKM.<\/li><li>Sodri Ariffin &amp; Syahira Hamidon (pnyt). 2017.\u00a0<em>Introduction to Entrepreneur<\/em>. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford Fajar.<\/li><li>Norasmah O., Rosilah H., Wan Mimi Diyana W. Z. (pnyt). 2017.\u00a0<em>Pendidikan Asas Keusahawanan.<\/em>\u00a0Bangi: Penerbit UKM.<\/li><li>J &amp; Tid. J . 2011.\u00a0<em>Innovation and Entrepreneurship<\/em>. UK: John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/li><li>Bters, T.H., Dorf, R.C., &amp; Nelson, A.J., 2014.\u00a0<em>Technology Ventures: From Idea to Enterprise.<\/em>Edisi keempat. McGraw-Hill International.<\/li><li>Rosli Mahmood, Azrain Nasyrah Mustapa, Rosli Saad, Mohamad Yusop Mohd Jani, Norria Zakaria, &amp; Syahrina Abdullah.\u00a0<em>Prinsip-prinsip Keusahawanan: Pendekatan Gunaan<\/em>. Edisi Kedua. Singapura: Cengage Learning Asia Pte. Ltd.<\/li><li>Kuratko, D. F. 2009.\u00a0<em>Introduction to Entrepreneurship<\/em>. 8e International Edition. United State: South-Western Cengage Learning.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-1-f3edf38\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-f905f776af8c3eae4c5c\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" role=\"button\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-f905f776af8c3eae4c5c\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-f905f776af8c3eae4c5c\">\n                                                            <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_left_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n                                        <i class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">LMCW2152 - Integriti dan Antirasuah<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-f905f776af8c3eae4c5c\" class=\" collapse\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-1-f3edf38\" data-parent=\"#accordion-6af8c3eae4c5c\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <p>Kursus ini merangkumi konsep asas rasuah termasuk nilai integriti, bentuk perlakuan rasuah, salah guna kuasa dalam aktiviti seharian dan organisasi serta kaedah pencegahan rasuah. Kes berkaitan rasuah juga dibincangkan. Kaedah pengajaran dan pembelajaran dilaksanakan dalam bentuk \u2018pembelajaran berdasarkan pengalaman\u2019 melalui aktiviti individu dan kumpulan. Di akhir kursus ini, pelajar dapat memahami amalan integriti, konsep rasuah dan salah guna kuasa serta pencegahan rasuah dalam masyarakat dan organisasi.<\/p><p><em>This course covers the basic concept of corruption including the value of integrity, forms of corruption, abuse of power in daily activities and organizations as well as ways to prevent corruption. Cases related to corruption are discussed. Teaching and learning methods are implemented in the form of \u2018experiential learning\u2019 through individual and group activities. At the end of this course, students are able to understand the practice of integrity, the concept of corruption and abuse of power as well as the prevention of corruption in society and organizations.<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Bacaan Asas<\/strong><\/p><ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><li>Mohamad Tarmize Abdu Manaf (2020). Nota Pencegahan rasuah. Penerbit Bahagian Pendidikan Masyarakat, Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia. Putrajaya.<\/li><li>Mohamad Tarmize Abdul Manaf et al. (2020). Kursus Integriti dan Rasuah IPT. Penerbit Bahagian Pendidikan Masyarakat, Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia. Putrajaya.<\/li><li>Mohd Firdaus Ramlan (2021). Tumbuk Rusuk: Pengkisahan Dari Tirai Besi. Akademi Kajian Rantau Nusantara Akar. Batu Caves, Selangor. Pusat Governans, Integriti dan Antirasuah Nasional (2019). Pelan Antirasuah Nasional 2019-2023. Jabatan Perdana Menteri,Putrajaya.<\/li><li>Zulkanain Abdul Rahman, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Rus &amp; Noor Ain Mat Noor (2017). Sejarah Perjuangan SPRM: Satu Perjalanan. Universiti Malaya,\u00a0Kuala\u00a0Lumpur.<\/li><\/ul>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-2-f3edf38\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-dd379206af8c3eae4c5c\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" role=\"button\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-dd379206af8c3eae4c5c\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-dd379206af8c3eae4c5c\">\n                                                            <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_left_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n                                        <i class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">LMCW2162 - Etika Kecerdasan Buatan Untuk Kesejahteraan Manusia<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-dd379206af8c3eae4c5c\" class=\" collapse\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-2-f3edf38\" data-parent=\"#accordion-6af8c3eae4c5c\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <p>Kursus ini membincangkan prinsip-prinsip etika yang berkaitan dengan pembangunan<br \/>dan aplikasi kecerdasan buatan (AI). Dengan perkembangan pesat teknologi AI, timbul pelbagai persoalan moral dan tanggungjawab, seperti privasi data, bias algoritma,<br \/>ketelusan, dan impak sosial. Kursus ini menganalisis cabaran etika dan menawarkan<br \/>pendekatan untuk membuat keputusan beretika dalam pembangunan teknologi. Pelajar<br \/>akan didedahkan kepada kes-kes kajian sebenar, kerangka dasar antarabangsa, dan<br \/>prinsip pembangunan mampan, sekaligus memperkukuhkan keupayaan mereka untuk<br \/>merumuskan penyelesaian yang bertanggungjawab dalam dunia digital.<\/p><p><em>This course examines the ethical principles underlying the development and application<\/em><br \/><em>of artificial intelligence (AI). As AI technology evolves rapidly, it raises critical moral<\/em><br \/><em>and accountability questions, including those related to data privacy, algorithmic bias,<\/em><br \/><em>transparency, and social impact. The course examines ethical challenges and introduces<\/em><br \/><em>frameworks for ethical decision-making in technology development. Students will<\/em><br \/><em>engage with real-world case studies, international policy frameworks, and sustainable<\/em><br \/><em>development principles, enhancing their ability to propose responsible solutions in the<\/em><br \/><em>digital era.<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Bacaan Asas<\/strong><\/p><ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><li>Bryson, J. J., &amp; Winfield, A. F. (2021). Standardizing ethical design for artificial<br \/>intelligence and autonomous systems.<\/li><li>IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society,<br \/>2(4), 258-267.<\/li><li>Jobin, A., Ienca, M., &amp; Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(9), 389-399.<\/li><li>Manning, L., Brewer, S., Craigon, P. J., Frey, J., Gutierrez, A., Jacobs, N., Kanza, S.,<br \/>Munday, S., Sacks, J., &amp; Pearson, S. (2022). Artificial intelligence and ethics within the<br \/>food sector: Developing a common language for technology adoption across the<br \/>supply chain. Trends in Food Science &amp; Technology, 125, 33-42.<\/li><li>Stahl, B. C., &amp; Leach, T. (2023). Assessing the ethical and social concerns of artificial<br \/>intelligence in neuroinformatics research: an empirical test of the European Union<br \/>Assessment List for Trustworthy AI (ALTAI). AI Ethics, 3, 745\u2013767.<\/li><li>Whittlestone, J., Nyrup, R., Alexandrova, A., Dihal, K., &amp; Cave, S. (2020). The role and<br \/>limits of principles in AI ethics: Towards a<\/li><\/ul>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-3-f3edf38\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-b63b6446af8c3eae4c5c\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" role=\"button\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-b63b6446af8c3eae4c5c\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-b63b6446af8c3eae4c5c\">\n                                                            <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_left_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n                                        <i class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">LMCW2192 - Bahasa Melayu Komunikasi 2 (Bukan Warganegara)<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-b63b6446af8c3eae4c5c\" class=\" collapse\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-3-f3edf38\" data-parent=\"#accordion-6af8c3eae4c5c\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <p>Kursus ini ditawarkan kepada semua pelajar prasiswazah antarabangsa. Kursus ini melatih<br \/>pelajar antarabangsa untuk berkomunikasi dalam bahasa Melayu asas yang meliputi<br \/>situasi kehidupan harian. Pelajar akan diperkenalkan dengan pertuturan dan penulisan<br \/>bahasa Melayu mudah. Pengajaran dan pembelajaran akan dilaksanakan dalam bentuk<br \/>kuliah, tutorial dan pengalaman pembelajaran pelajar di dalam dan di luar kelas. Pada<br \/>akhir kursus ini, pelajar diharapkan dapat berkomunikasi dan menulis menggunakan ayat<br \/>mudah dengan menggunakan tatabahasa yang betul.<\/p><p><em>This course is offered to international undergraduate students. This course trains students<\/em><br \/><em>to communicate in basic Malay language in daily situations. Students will be introduced<\/em><br \/><em>to speak and write in Malay language. Teaching and learning will be conducted in the<\/em><br \/><em>form of lectures, tutorials, and learning experiences inside and outside classroom. At the<\/em><br \/><em>end of this course, students should be able to communicate and write effectively using<\/em><br \/><em>simple sentences with correct grammar in Malay language.<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Bacaan Asas<\/strong><\/p><p>Adbullah Hassan,Mardian Shah Omar,Hasmidar Hassan (2023). Strategi Pengajaran<br \/>Bahasa Melayu Untuk Penutur Asing. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.<br \/>Arina Johari, Nurul Jamilah Rosly, Mohamad Zuber Ismail, Akhmal Hakim Mohamad<br \/>(2021). Bahasa Melayu Untuk Penutur Asing (Modul Intensif Penutur Jepun).<br \/>Penerbit P &amp; C Pekan Centre. Khairuddin Mohamad (2021). Bahasa Melayu Kontektual.<br \/>Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd.<br \/>Mazlina Ahmad dan Nor Rohana Mansor (2021). Bahasa Melayu Komunikatif Untuk<br \/>Penutur Asing. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Terengganu.<br \/>Mat Zaid Hussein, Samsur Rijal Yahaya, Ahmad Sabri Abdul Samad, Norizah Hassan dan<br \/>Norfaizal Jamain. 2018. Efektif Bahasa Melayu Asas. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti<br \/>Malaya.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card \">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-4-f3edf38\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-7587d436af8c3eae4c5c\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" role=\"button\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-7587d436af8c3eae4c5c\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-7587d436af8c3eae4c5c\">\n                                                            <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_left_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n                                        <i class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">LMCW2252 - Citra Malaysia (Bukan Warganegara)<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-7587d436af8c3eae4c5c\" class=\" collapse\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-4-f3edf38\" data-parent=\"#accordion-6af8c3eae4c5c\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <p><em>This course offers a comprehensive introduction to Malaysia, encompassing its historical<\/em><br \/><em>evolution, geographical diversity, cultural richness, and socio-political development.<\/em><br \/><em>Students will explore the formation of modern Malaysia, its multicultural society,<\/em><br \/><em>linguistic diversity, and unique traditions rooted in its ethnic and religious plurality. The<\/em><br \/><em>course also highlights Malaysia\u2019s traditional arts and heritage, including UNESCOrecognized<\/em><br \/><em>elements. Students will gain foundational knowledge of Malaysia\u2019s political<\/em><br \/><em>and government systems, federal structure, and constitutional monarchy. In addition, the<\/em><br \/><em>course examines the transformation of Malaysia\u2019s economy, key industrial sectors, and<\/em><br \/><em>current challenges within the digital and sustainable development contexts. Malaysia\u2019s<\/em><br \/><em>prominence as an international tourism hub and its global achievements in diplomacy,<\/em><br \/><em>sports, and trade are also emphasized. The final section of the course focuses on Malaysia\u2019s<\/em><br \/><em>future prospects, particularly concerning smart cities, climate change, youth engagement,<\/em><br \/><em>and innovation. Through this course, students will develop a well-rounded understanding<\/em><br \/><em>of Malaysia\u2019s national identity and its evolving role on the world stage. Teaching and<\/em><br \/><em>learning process through experiential learning, lecture and assignment enables students<\/em><br \/><em>to acquire knowledge and appreciate the reality of life in Malaysia.<\/em><\/p><p>Kursus ini menawarkan pengenalan komprehensif kepada Malaysia, merangkumi<br \/>evolusi sejarah, kepelbagaian geografi, kekayaan budaya, dan perkembangan sosiopolitiknya.<br \/>Pelajar akan meneroka pembentukan Malaysia moden, masyarakat pelbagai budaya, kepelbagaian bahasa, dan tradisi unik yang berakar umbi dalam pluraliti etnik<br \/>dan agamanya. Kursus ini juga mengetengahkan seni dan warisan tradisional Malaysia,<br \/>termasuk elemen yang diiktiraf oleh UNESCO. Pelajar akan memperoleh pengetahuan<br \/>asas tentang sistem politik dan kerajaan Malaysia, struktur persekutuan, dan monarki<br \/>berperlembagaan. Di samping itu, kursus ini mengkaji transformasi ekonomi Malaysia,<br \/>sektor perindustrian utama, dan cabaran semasa dalam konteks pembangunan digital<br \/>dan lestari. Keutamaan Malaysia sebagai hab pelancongan antarabangsa dan pencapaian<br \/>globalnya dalam diplomasi, sukan, dan perdagangan juga ditekankan. Bahagian terakhir<br \/>kursus ini memberi tumpuan kepada prospek masa depan Malaysia, terutamanya mengenai<br \/>bandar pintar, perubahan iklim, penglibatan belia, dan inovasi. Melalui kursus ini, pelajar<br \/>akan membangunkan pemahaman yang menyeluruh tentang identiti nasional Malaysia<br \/>dan peranannya yang berkembang di pentas dunia. Proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran<br \/>melalui pembelajaran berasaskan pengalaman, kuliah dan tugasan membolehkan pelajar<br \/>memperoleh pengetahuan dan menghargai realiti kehidupan di Malaysia.<\/p><p><strong>Bacaan Asas<\/strong><\/p><p>Adnan A. Hezri. 2021. The Sustainability Shift: Refashioning Malaysia\u2019s Future, Areca<br \/>Books<br \/>Berbar, Henry &amp; Mamell, Florent. 2024. Journey Through Malaysia. HBL Network<br \/>Creative Solutions.<br \/>Bowden, David. 2025. Enchanting Malaysia. John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd (GB).<br \/>Harding, Andrew. 2022. The Constitution of Malaysia, 2nd Edition. Bloomsbury<br \/>Publishing<br \/>Kalai Vani Kalimuthu, Vikniswari Vija Kumaran, Foo Chuan Chew, Thurai Murugan<br \/>Nathan, Muhammad Baqir bin Abdullah, Siti Nurul Munawwarah &amp; Mohd Khairi<br \/>Ismail. 2025. Malaysian Economy. SJ Learning.<br \/>King, Victor. 2021. Malaysia - Culture Smart! : The Essential Guide to Customs &amp; Culture<br \/>(Culture Smart!). Kuperard (US).<br \/>Nor Zaini Zainal Abidin, Asri Salleh, Ilyas Abdullah &amp; Nor Farizah Johari. 2024.<br \/>Government and Politics. UiTM Press.<br \/>Siew-Voon Soon, Mohammad Mafrukhin Mokhtar Chee-Wooi Hooy &amp; Kim-Leng Yeah.<br \/>2024. EmpoweringCommunities for Sustainable Financial Well-Being in Malaysia.<br \/>UM Press.<br \/>Tan, W., Brown, L. &amp; Ferrarese, M. 2024. Lonely Planet Malaysia, Singapore &amp; Brunei:<br \/>Detailed Itineraries. Lonely Planet Global Limited (GB)<\/p>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                                        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fakulti Pengajian Sains Citra CITRA UKM Kursus Citra Wajib Daftar Sekarang Kursus Wajib Universiti&nbsp; Taraf kursus adalah CW dan kursus ini ditawarkan oleh Fakulti Pengajian<a class=\"ut-readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/citra\/kursus-citra-wajib-2\/\"> &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101014,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":116,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-498","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5.1 - 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