{"id":2005,"date":"2022-10-29T23:39:22","date_gmt":"2022-10-29T23:39:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/?page_id=2005"},"modified":"2026-06-03T08:39:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T08:39:25","slug":"ethics-statement","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ethics-statement\/","title":{"rendered":"Ethics Statement"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2005\" class=\"elementor elementor-2005\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c3e443e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c3e443e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3403b5fb\" data-id=\"3403b5fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-220fcc67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"220fcc67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1048\" class=\"elementor elementor-1048\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c56d40c elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c56d40c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc4eeb4\" data-id=\"fc4eeb4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee343f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-header-info\" data-id=\"ee343f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-header-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <ul class=\"ekit-header-info\">\n                                    <li>\n                            <a > \n                                                                IJIT | International Journal of Islamic Thought                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b2af36\" data-id=\"8b2af36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c12e66 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-header-info\" data-id=\"8c12e66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-header-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <ul class=\"ekit-header-info\">\n                                    <li>\n                            <a > \n                                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-phone\"><\/i>                                +603 8921 5503                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                                            <li>\n                            <a > \n                                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-email\"><\/i>                                ijit@ukm.edu.my                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-754f3a2 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"754f3a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a92e9f4\" data-id=\"a92e9f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07aef75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07aef75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">IJIT | International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43ed288 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43ed288\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-985747c\" data-id=\"985747c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-739421e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"739421e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"860\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3843\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0.png 860w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb12cce\" data-id=\"bb12cce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e184bd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e184bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"178\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1024x178.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3276\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1024x178.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-768x133.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1536x267.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT.png 1646w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b15c1a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b15c1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c694a6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c694a6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">e-ISSN 2289-6023 |\u00a0\u00a0ISSN 2232-1314<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a7915a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a7915a\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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\"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Agreement &#038; Declaration Form<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4086\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ijit-disclaimer\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Disclaimer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-26\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ethics-statement\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Ethics Statement<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-27\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/article-reviewer-form\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Reviewer Form<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2688\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/archives\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Archives<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/indexing\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Indexing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d055cb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d055cb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42a437e\" data-id=\"42a437e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d92de33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d92de33\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71bc7b1\" data-id=\"71bc7b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9ddf6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f9ddf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ethics Statement<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aada84e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aada84e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Publication Ethics Statement<\/strong><\/p><p>The<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em><span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>(IJIT), hereafter referred to as \u201cThe Journal\u201d, is committed to selecting and publishing high-quality scholarly articles in the fields of Islamic thought, Muslim studies, and contemporary issues affecting Muslim societies worldwide. All manuscripts submitted to the Journal are subject to a rigorous double-blind peer-review process to ensure academic quality, originality, relevance, and scholarly integrity.<\/p><p>The Editorial Board endeavours to ensure that the review and publication process is conducted in a fair, objective, transparent, and ethically responsible manner. The Journal\u2019s publication ethics guidelines are substantially informed by the principles and standards established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), of which IJIT is a member. COPE provides internationally recognised guidance on ethical editorial practice and offers frameworks for addressing ethical issues involving authors, editors, reviewers, and publishers.<\/p><p>This Publication Ethics Statement is intended to safeguard the integrity, credibility, and academic reputation of the Journal, and to ensure that all published materials meet the highest standards of scholarly, scientific, and ethical practice. Authors, editors, reviewers, and all parties involved in the publication process are expected to observe these guidelines when performing their respective roles and responsibilities.<\/p><p>Any ethical concern, complaint, or question relating to manuscripts submitted to or published by The Journal should be addressed to the Editor-in-Chief for appropriate consideration and action. This code of ethics applies to all manuscripts submitted to the Journal and may be reviewed and revised by the Editorial Board from time to time to reflect developments in international standards of publication ethics and editorial best practice.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>1.\u00a0 Code of Ethics for Authors<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1.1\u00a0 Author\u2019s Responsibility<\/strong><\/p><p>Authors should submit original work carried out honestly according to scientific standards. Research results should not have been obtained fraudulently or dishonestly, fabricated or falsified. When writing, the Authors should present a concise and accurate account how the work was carried out. There should have enough detail for other researchers to repeat the work. The data should be accurately reported and never fudged. The Authors should not leave out problematic data so as to provide a clear story. The Authors should not claim originality if others have reported similar work. All information obtained privately should not be used without the explicit permission from the individual or source.<\/p><p><strong>1.2 Originality<\/strong><\/p><p>Authors who submit a manuscript to The Journal, must ascertain that the manuscript is their original work and has not been submitted elsewhere simultaneously. The Authors should also declare that the work and its variation have not been published elsewhere prior to submission to The Journal. Materials from other sources or publications must be appropriately cited or quoted whenever it is used in the submitted manuscript.<\/p><p>If the manuscript contains materials that overlap with work that was previously published, or is in-press, or that is under consideration for publication elsewhere, the Authors must cite this work in the manuscript. The Authors must also inform The Journal Editor-in-Chief of the related work, the Editor-in-Chief may request a copy of the related work.<\/p><p>A manuscript that is under review by any other journal must be withdrawn from the other journal, prior to submission to The Journal.<\/p><p>Authors must explicitly cite their own earlier work and ideas, even when the work or ideas are not quoted exactly in the manuscript. If exact sentences or paragraphs that appear in another work by the Authors are included in the manuscript, the material should be reworded and appropriately cited.<\/p><p>Authors are not allowed to resubmit a manuscript to The Journal that was previously reviewed and rejected by The Journal unless encouraged by the Editor-in-Chief to resubmit in the rejection letter. If an earlier version was previously rejected by The Journal, and the Authors wish to submit a revised version for review, this fact and the justification for resubmission should be clearly communicated by the Authors to The Journal\u2019s Editor-in-Chief at the time of submission.<\/p><p>To speed up the peer review process, Authors is strongly suggested to submit the manuscripts for publication in The Journal to check their manuscripts for possible plagiarism using any anti-plagiarism software before submitting it to The Journal.<\/p><p><strong>1.3 Plagiarism<\/strong><\/p><p>Manuscript submitted to The Journal must not contain any form of plagiarism including self- plagiarism. The manuscript should not contain any materials that are falsified and fabricated. The Authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the Authors have used the work and\/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited.<\/p><p>Plagiarism can be in the form of claiming others\u2019 paper as the Author\u2019s own paper; using or paraphrasing substantial parts of other\u2019s paper without proper credit. Claiming results from research others as Authors\u2019 own is also a form of plagiarism.<\/p><p>The use of others\u2019 published and unpublished ideas or words or intellectual property without proper citation and permission, and claiming them as an original idea rather than derived from an existing source can be construed as plagiarism. This applies whether the ideas or words are taken from any published or unpublished materials including abstracts, proceedings, grant applications, journal articles, books or any other publication format.<\/p><p>Authors must cite others\u2019 work and ideas explicitly, even if the work or ideas are not quoted exactly or being paraphrased. This applies to previous work published or unpublished in any form.<\/p><p>Self-plagiarism (or \u201credundancy\u201d) includes reusing portions of previous writings by using identical or nearly identical sentences or paragraphs from earlier writings in research manuscripts, without quotation or acknowledgement. Authoring several manuscripts that are slightly modified from each other and submitted for publication in different journals without acknowledgement of the other manuscript\/articles is also a form of self-plagiarism.<\/p><p>Self-plagiarism is not generally regarded in the same light as plagiarism of the ideas and words of other researchers. Self-plagiarism can be minimized or avoided by citing Author\u2019s previous publications wherever appropriate.<\/p><p>Plagiarism is a misconduct and unacceptable publishing behavior that may lead to serious consequences to the Authors. In order to avoid plagiarism Authors should:<\/p><ul><li>keep all records of the source of information;<\/li><li>put quotation marks for any phrase that are used in verbatim and cite the source;<\/li><li>use their own words when summarizing or paraphrasing someone else\u2019s paragraphs together with a proper citation;<\/li><li>cite all sources as much as possible when writing a manuscript;<\/li><li>give proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given; and<\/li><li>cite publications that have been influential in determining the reported work.<\/li><\/ul><p>As a general requirement, the maximum acceptable overall similarity index shall not exceed 15%, while similarity from any single source should normally remain below 3%. However, compliance with these numerical thresholds does not automatically guarantee acceptance, as the Editorial Board reserves the right to evaluate the nature, extent, and context of any textual overlap.<\/p><p>The Journal also acknowledges the growing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in scholarly writing. Authors may use AI-assisted technologies for language editing and manuscript preparation, provided that such use does not compromise the originality, accuracy, or intellectual contribution of the work. AI-generated content should not exceed 10% of the manuscript and must not be used to generate fabricated data, results, citations, references, or research findings. Any significant use of AI tools must be clearly and transparently disclosed by the authors in an appropriate section of the manuscript. Authors remain fully responsible and accountable for the accuracy, integrity, originality, and ethical standards of all content submitted for publication.<\/p><p><strong>1.4 Parallel or Multiple Submissions<\/strong><\/p><p>Authors should not submit manuscripts describing essentially the same research results to more than one journal at a time. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal at a time constitutes unethical and unacceptable conduct.<\/p><p>Authors must not submit a similar manuscript or research results, in whole or in part, to more than one publication simultaneously, or at any time while the manuscript is currently under review.<\/p><p>Resubmission of a manuscript after being rejected or withdrawn from another publication is acceptable. Authors may not submit to The Journal a manuscript that is in whole or in part under review elsewhere, nor submit to another publication a work that is in whole or in part under review at The Journal.<\/p><p>The submitted manuscript must not have been previously published or accepted for publication elsewhere, or under review by other publication, either in whole or in part in any language.<\/p><p><strong>1.5 Publication from Conference Proceedings<\/strong><\/p><p>The Journal does not consider manuscripts that have been published in full in conference proceedings, as originality and novelty are essential criteria for publication. However, the Editor-in-Chief may consider manuscripts based on work that has been partially presented at conferences or other forums, particularly when the proceedings have limited circulation. During submission, authors must clearly explain the substantial new material and contributions included in the manuscript that were not part of the conference proceedings. Any related proceedings must be appropriately cited in the submitted manuscript. All submissions are subject to the Journal\u2019s standard double-blind peer-review process.<\/p><p><strong>1.6 Conflicts of Interest<\/strong><\/p><p>An Author should avoid conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of interest in his\/her research conduct and publication. Conflicts of interest may influence the judgment of Authors, Reviewers, and Editors. Possible conflicts often are not immediately apparent to others. These may be personal, commercial, political, academic, or financial in nature.<\/p><p>All Authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their research results. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed in the manuscript.<\/p><p><strong>1.7 Suggestion for Reviewers \u2013 Conflict of Interest<\/strong><\/p><p>When submitting a manuscript to The Journal the Authors are encouraged to recommend up to three possible potential Reviewers. The suggested reviewers must not be from the same institution as the Authors. The Editor-in-Chief is however not bound by these suggestions.<\/p><p>Authors should avoid any possible conflict of interest, or appearance of conflict of interest, in selecting Editors and Reviewers. Authors should not submit a manuscript to an Editor who is not in the same field as an easy way to get published.<\/p><p><strong>1.8 Authorship Conduct<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>1.8.1 Authorship<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Name of Authors listed in the manuscript should those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the research. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as Co-Authors. Others who have assisted in certain aspects of the research project can be mentioned in the Acknowledgement.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Authors of a manuscript must designate\u00a0<strong>one author only<\/strong>\u00a0as the\u00a0<strong>Corresponding Author<\/strong>, who shall normally be listed as the\u00a0<strong>first author<\/strong>. The Corresponding Author is solely responsible for all communication with the Journal and for coordinating communication among the co-authors. All authors listed in the manuscript must have agreed to the order of authorship and confirmed their approval of the final version of the manuscript submitted to The Journal.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>1.8.2 Change of Authorship<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Once The Journal accepts a manuscript for publication, amendments in the authorship in the form of addition, deletion or rearranging the order of the names are no longer allowed. However, changes in the authorship (addition, deletion or rearrangement) can be made during the review process before a manuscript is accepted.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>1.8.3 Affiliation<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The affiliation for each Author should be the institution where the majority of the work was performed. If an Author has subsequently transferred to another institution, the new address may also be included in the manuscript.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>1.8.4 Co-Authorship<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">All Co-Authors should have made significant contributions to the work being written and share accountability for the manuscript. All Authors should agree with the final version of the manuscript before submission to The Journal.<\/p><p><strong>1.9 Copyright and Licensing<\/strong><\/p><p>Copyright of articles published in this journal remains with the author(s). By submitting and publishing their work, authors agree to license the article under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.<\/p><p>Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce any copyrighted materials included in their manuscripts. The journal shall not be held liable for any copyright infringement committed by authors.<\/p><p>The views and opinions expressed in the published articles are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the editors, editorial board, publisher, or affiliated institutions.<\/p><p><strong>1.10 Human, Animal Subjects and Bioethics<\/strong><\/p><p>Works involving chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use must be clearly identify in the manuscript. The relevant ethic committee must approve manuscripts involving experiments on live vertebrates and\/or higher invertebrates. Authors must confirm that all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations issued by the relevant ethic committee.<\/p><p>The manuscript must include information (methods) section a statement identifying the institutional ethic committee approving the experiments, including any relevant details such as how and why the animal species and model being used can address the scientific objectives and, where appropriate, the study\u2019s relevance to human.<\/p><p>The manuscript must include information (methods) section a statement identifying the institutional ethic committee approving the experiments, including any relevant details such as how and why the animal species and model being used can address the scientific objectives and, where appropriate, the study\u2019s relevance to human.<\/p><p>For experiments involving human subjects, Authors must identify the ethic committee approving the experiments, and include with their submission a statement confirming that informed consent was obtained for all subjects. The reference number of the approval by the committee needs to be stated in the manuscript.<\/p><p><strong>1.11 Manuscript Withdrawal<\/strong><\/p><p>Authors may write to the Editor-in-Chief requesting for the withdrawal of a manuscript that has been submitted to The Journal. However, such withdrawal is usually permitted within two weeks from the date of initial submission to The Journal. The reason for the withdrawal is required in writing.<\/p><p>In the event that an Author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his\/her own published work, it is the Author\u2019s obligation to promptly notify the Editor-in-Chief or publisher to retract or correct the article accordingly.<\/p><p><strong>1.12 Timeliness<\/strong><\/p><p>Authors should be prompt with their manuscript revisions. If an Author cannot meet the deadline given to complete the revision, he\/she should inform the Editor-in-Chief to request for an extension.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>2. Code of Ethics for Reviewers<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>2.1 Reciprocity<\/strong><\/p><p>Reviewing for journals is a professional activity that provides value for the field as a whole, and should be encouraged. Authors who submit manuscripts to The Journal are normally expected to reciprocate by accepting an invitation to review manuscripts for The Journal.<\/p><p><strong>2.2 Double-Blind Peer-Review<\/strong><\/p><p>The Journal follows a double-blind peer-review process, whereby the Authors do not know reviewers and vice versa. Peer review is fundamental to the scientific publication process and the dissemination of knowledge. Peer reviewers are experts chosen by the Editor-in-Chief to provide assessment of a written research manuscript, with the aim of improving the reporting of research and identifying the most appropriate and highest quality material for The Journal.<\/p><p>Authors should respect the confidentiality of the review process and should not reveal themselves to Reviewers, and vice versa. Reviewers should avoid doing or saying anything that could identify them to the Authors of a manuscript they are reviewing or reviewed.<\/p><p>Regular reviewers selected for The Journal should meet minimum standards regarding their background in the research field, publication of articles and formal training.<\/p><p>Reviewers are experts in the scientific topic addressed in the manuscripts they review, and are selected for their objectivity and scientific knowledge. Individuals who have a major competing interest in the subject of the manuscript are not appointed as reviewers for such manuscript.<\/p><p><strong>2.3 Quality of Review<\/strong><\/p><p>Manuscripts received by The Journal will be evaluated by the Editorial board that will judge whether a manuscript is of potential interest to the readers of The Journal. Manuscripts that are of interest, formatted according to the Guidelines for Authors and presented fairly well are sent for review. Manuscript may be sent to other specialized experts such as on statistics or a particular technique where a scientist in that particular technique is needed to evaluate it.<\/p><p>Reviewers are assessed on the quality of review and other performance characteristics by the Editor-in-Chief to assure optimal journal quality and performance. These ratings should also contribute to decisions on reappointment to The Journal\u2019s Editorial Board and to ongoing review requests. Individual performance data on Reviewers are available to the Editor-in- Chief but otherwise kept confidential.<\/p><p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"149\">Reviews are expected to be professional, honest, courteous, prompt, and constructive. A good review includes the following inputs from the reviewers:<\/p><ul data-start=\"151\" data-end=\"991\"><li data-section-id=\"wgotzn\" data-start=\"151\" data-end=\"260\">Identify and comment on the major strengths and weaknesses of the experimental design and characterization.<\/li><li data-section-id=\"lludmh\" data-start=\"262\" data-end=\"405\">Comment accurately and constructively on the quality of the authors\u2019 interpretation of the data, including acknowledgment of its limitations.<\/li><li data-section-id=\"r9ixij\" data-start=\"407\" data-end=\"555\">Comment on the major strengths and weaknesses of the manuscript, independent of the design, methodology, results, and interpretation of the study.<\/li><li data-section-id=\"xs67f9\" data-start=\"557\" data-end=\"672\">Comment on any ethical concerns raised by the study, or any possible evidence of substandard scientific practice.<\/li><li data-section-id=\"1jvz2az\" data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"855\">Provide the authors with useful suggestions to improve the manuscript. Comments should be constructive and professional. Personal comments regarding the authors are not permitted.<\/li><li data-section-id=\"3zby81\" data-start=\"857\" data-end=\"991\">Provide the Editor-in-Chief with the proper context and perspective to make a recommendation on the acceptability of the manuscript.<br \/><div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\"><div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:6b3dd912-aca9-47cd-92b0-50db11a94033-1\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\"><div class=\"relative w-full overflow-visible\"><section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-WEB:6b3dd912-aca9-47cd-92b0-50db11a94033-1\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:6b3dd912-aca9-47cd-92b0-50db11a94033-1\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-4\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"><div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"52b3da38-72b1-45ef-9ec7-4ab32d8af2f2\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"><div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\"><div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"8d7aae43-ba48-4496-8e8f-9a42c1f6535a\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\"><div class=\"relative w-full overflow-visible\"><section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-(--header-height)\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"8d7aae43-ba48-4496-8e8f-9a42c1f6535a\" data-turn-id-container=\"8d7aae43-ba48-4496-8e8f-9a42c1f6535a\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-5\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"user\"><\/section><div class=\"contents\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:6b3dd912-aca9-47cd-92b0-50db11a94033-2\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\"><div class=\"relative w-full overflow-visible\"><section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-WEB:6b3dd912-aca9-47cd-92b0-50db11a94033-2\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:6b3dd912-aca9-47cd-92b0-50db11a94033-2\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-6\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"><div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"e717c322-fd0b-4317-97e4-2b65f839e88b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"><div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\"><p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"94\">The Editor-in-Chief then makes a decision based on the reviewers\u2019 recommendations, as follows:<\/p><ul data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"772\" data-is-only-node=\"\" data-is-last-node=\"\"><li data-section-id=\"1nujqn3\" data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"127\"><strong data-start=\"98\" data-end=\"126\">Accept without revisions<\/strong>;<\/li><li data-section-id=\"1q26pcj\" data-start=\"129\" data-end=\"189\"><strong data-start=\"131\" data-end=\"162\">Accept with minor revisions<\/strong> to be made by the authors;<\/li><li data-section-id=\"1fvn136\" data-start=\"191\" data-end=\"378\"><strong data-start=\"193\" data-end=\"242\">Return to the authors for major modifications<\/strong>, requiring the authors to revise and resubmit the manuscript for another round of reviews, depending on the reviewers\u2019 recommendations;<\/li><li data-section-id=\"ahaaxp\" data-start=\"380\" data-end=\"493\"><strong data-start=\"382\" data-end=\"429\">Reject, with encouragement for resubmission<\/strong>; reasons for rejection must be provided by the Editor-in-Chief;<\/li><li data-section-id=\"pqh17l\" data-start=\"495\" data-end=\"772\" data-is-last-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"516\">Reject outright<\/strong>, typically on the grounds of limited specialist interest, lack of novelty, insufficient conceptual advancement, major technical and\/or interpretational problems, or unethical publishing behavior. The Editor-in-Chief must provide the reasons for rejection.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><p>Reviewers can recommend for particular course of action. However, the Editor-in-Chief may have to make a decision based on conflicting advice from different reviewers. The most useful reports, therefore, provide the Editor-in-Chief with the information on which a decision should be based.<\/p><p>All reviewers are informed of the journal\u2019s expectations, and Editor-in-Chief will make every effort to assist reviewers in improving the quality of review. The Editor-in-Chief will access the quality of review routinely by ratings of review quality and other performance characteristics periodically.<\/p><p><strong>2.4 Responsibility of Reviewers<\/strong><\/p><p>Reviewers should assess the manuscript sent to them for scope, accuracy, quality, relevance and contribution to the field. They should inform and return the manuscript to the Editor-in- Chief if they decide that the manuscript is not within their field of expertise or that they are not able to complete the review in the stated time.<\/p><p>The manuscript for review is privileged information. Reviewers must treat it as confidential and it should not be retained or copied in whatever means. The manuscript should not be shared with the reviewers\u2019 colleagues without the explicit permission of the Editor-in-Chief. Reviewers and Editor-in-Chief must not make any personal or professional use of the data, arguments, or interpretations (other than those directly involved in its peer review) prior to publication. Such use may constitute as conflict of interest and is an unacceptable behavior.<\/p><p>In cases of suspected misconduct, reviewers should notify the Editor-in-Chief in confidence, and should not share their concerns with other parties.<\/p><p><strong>2.5 Timeliness<\/strong><\/p><p>Reviewers should be prompt with their reviews. If a Reviewer cannot meet the deadline, he\/she should inform the Editor-in-Chief immediately to determine whether a longer time period or another Reviewer should be appointed. Typically, the time to complete a review is four weeks.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>3. Code of Ethics for Editorial Board<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>3.1 Handling of submitted manuscript<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Editor-in-Chief should evaluate the merit of a manuscript as soon as it is received. An acknowledgement with a reference number must be sent to the Authors once the manuscript is received. Manuscript deemed to be in good order must be sent to reviewers without delay.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>3.2 Decision Quality<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The Editor-in-Chef has to provide the Authors with an explanation of the editorial decision on a manuscript. Editor-in-Chief should write high-quality editorial letters that integrate reviewers\u2019 comments and offer additional suggestions to the Author.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>3.3 Submission by Editorial Board Members<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">All manuscripts submitted to The Journal undergo a rigid double-blind review process including those received from the Editorial Board members. In addition, when making editorial decisions about peer reviewed articles where an editor is an Author or is acknowledged as a contributor, The Journal will ensure that the affected editors exclude themselves from the publication process including the review process and decision on the manuscript. Although editors are allowed to submit manuscript to The Journal, too many submissions from the Journal\u2019s own Editorial Board is not allowed.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>3.4 Handling Conflict of Interest by the Editors<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">When editors are presented with manuscript where their own interests may influence their ability to make an unbiased editorial decision, they should hand over the handling of the manuscript to a suitably qualified editor in the board. The Editorial Board will appoint a suitable member to handle the manuscripts objectively, fairly and professionally free of personal biases that may affect his\/her judgments.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>4. Ethics on Post Publication<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>4.1 Amendments<\/strong><\/p><p>Changes can be requested by the Authors of the publication due to a variety of reason. These amendments may fall into one of four categories: erratum, corrigendum, retraction or addendum.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>4.1.1 Erratum<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Erratum is the notification of an important error made by The Journal during production of the article that affects the publication record or the scientific integrity of the article, or the reputation of the Authors, or of The Journal.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>4.1.2 Corrigendum<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Corrigendum is the notification of an important error made by the Author(s) that affects the publication record or the scientific integrity of the article, or the reputation of the Authors or the journal. All Authors must sign corrigenda submitted for publication.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>4.1.3 Retraction<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Retraction is the notification of invalid results. All Co-Authors must sign a retraction specifying the error and stating briefly how the conclusions are affected, and submit it for publication. Retractions are judged according to whether the main conclusion of the article no longer holds or is seriously undermined as a result of subsequent information coming to light of which the Authors were not aware at the time of publication.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Readers who wish to draw attention to published work requiring retraction should write to The Editor-in-Chief who will seek advice from reviewers if they judge that the information is likely to draw into question the main conclusions of the published article. The author of the article will be given a chance to give an explanation regarding the query.<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>4.1.4 Addendum<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Addendum is the notification of a peer-reviewed addition of information to an article, usually in response to readers\u2019 request for clarification.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>5. Penalties and Sanctions<\/strong><\/p><p>The Journal reserves the right to evaluate issues of misconduct such as plagiarism and redundancy, etc. on a case-by-case basis. All cases will be handled in accordance with COPE guidelines.<\/p><p><strong>5.1 Consequences <\/strong><strong>of Unethical Publishing Conduct<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Authors:<\/strong> Any manuscript found to contain plagiarism, falsification, fabrication, omission of significant material, or any other form of unethical publishing conduct shall be considered unacceptable. Editors and\/or reviewers who identify suspected unethical conduct by author(s) shall report the matter to the Editor-in-Chief. The Editor-in-Chief shall ensure that appropriate preliminary action is taken and, where necessary, refer the matter to the Journal\u2019s Editorial Board for further consideration. Depending on the seriousness of the case, the following actions may be taken:<\/p><ul><li>Issuance of a formal notice to the author(s) involved;<\/li><li>Rejection of the manuscript;<\/li><li>Retraction of the published article, with an appropriate notice published on the Journal\u2019s website and in the subsequent hardcopy issue;<\/li><li>Prohibition from submitting manuscripts to The Journal for a specified period, normally up to three (3) years; and\/or;<\/li><li>Notification to the author(s)\u2019 institution regarding the unethical conduct for further action.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Editorial Board Members:<\/strong> The reputation and integrity of The Journal depend significantly on the conduct, impartiality, and ethical responsibility of its Editorial Board members. All Editorial Board members are expected to uphold the highest standards of publication ethics at all times. Any complainant who suspects misconduct by an Editorial Board member shall bring the matter to the attention of the Editor-in-Chief. The Editor-in-Chief shall ensure that relevant documentation supporting the alleged violation of publication ethics is submitted to the Journal\u2019s Editorial Board for appropriate review and action. Any Editorial Board member found to have committed proven unethical conduct may be removed from his or her editorial position in The Journal.<\/p><p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p><p>Barrass, R. 2002.\u00a0<em>Scientists Must Write<\/em>. New York: Routledge.<\/p><p>COPE\u00a0 \u00a02016.\u00a0<em>Code of Conduct and Best Practise Guidelines for Journal Editors.\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/publicationethics.org\/files\/Code_of_conduct_for_journal_editors_Mar11.pdf\">http:\/\/publicationethics.org\/files\/Code_of_conduct_for_journal_editors_Mar11.pdf<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 15 Sept 2016)<\/p><p>Day, R. A. &amp; Gastel, B. 2006.\u00a0<em>How To Write and Publish a Scientific Paper.\u00a0<\/em>6th edition. Westport: Oryx Press.<\/p><p>Hames, I. 2007.\u00a0<em>Peer Review and Manuscript Management in Scientific Journals<\/em>. Victoria: Blackwell Publishing.<\/p><p>PERTANIKA Journals. 2016.\u00a0<em>Code of Ethics PERTANIKA Journals<\/em>, Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia.<\/p><p>Roslan Abd Shukor. 2015.\u00a0<em>Rahsia Kejayaan Menulis Menulis Jurnal Berimpak Tinggi, Buku dan Tesis\u00a0<\/em>(in Malay). Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.<\/p><p>Sains Malaysiana 2016.\u00a0<em>Guide for Author<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jsm\/guide\">http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jsm\/guide\u00a0<\/a>for authors.html. (accessed 15 Sept 2016).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b9bbb8f\" data-id=\"b9bbb8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b96c9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"3b96c9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3484\" class=\"elementor elementor-3484\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b17f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b17f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a7a431\" data-id=\"8a7a431\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fc35cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5fc35cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db4918f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db4918f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cac3135\" data-id=\"cac3135\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f95eafd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f95eafd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Editor in Chief<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ffb59b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ffb59b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62d0722\" data-id=\"62d0722\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f8e80c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f8e80c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Professor Dr. Ahmad\u00a0Sunawari Long<br \/><\/strong><a href=\"mailto:ijit@ukm.edu.my\">ijit@ukm.edu.my<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a45509 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a45509\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b810b7d\" data-id=\"b810b7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d58a77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d58a77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Member of<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d5f99aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d5f99aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ee41e2\" data-id=\"0ee41e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77b2db5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77b2db5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-767\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"156\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 156px) 100vw, 156px\" \/><br \/>COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ebc62b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ebc62b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a5ca8f\" data-id=\"2a5ca8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cc0088 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0cc0088\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">IJIT in Brief<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d916be3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d916be3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b218be\" data-id=\"3b218be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8935e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8935e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An international scholarly journal on Islamic thought and contemporary Muslim issues.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce47e5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ce47e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e733652 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e733652\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Indexed in Scopus and Web of Science\u2013ESCI.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9e4411 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e9e4411\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd93740 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd93740\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fully open access with global readership.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8c19b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d8c19b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8e46c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8e46c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Published twice a year (June and December).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-288f930 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"288f930\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a7c6b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a7c6b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>All submissions undergo double-blind peer review.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e10526 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7e10526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64ea624 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64ea624\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Accepts English manuscripts only.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63c8c6d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"63c8c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9d86a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9d86a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Requires IMRaD writing structure.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4043b1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a4043b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f351dce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f351dce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uses APA citation and formatting style.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1bba40 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1bba40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d5e4fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d5e4fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Committed to COPE\u2019s ethical publishing standards.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cffd4bc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cffd4bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0db50da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0db50da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Published by the National University of Malaysia (UKM) in partnership with Wisdom Academia Venture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ffad423 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ffad423\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b567bf\" data-id=\"7b567bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4c5058 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4c5058\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a title=\"SCImago Journal &amp; Country Rank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journalsearch.php?q=21100944566&amp;tip=sid&amp;exact=no&amp;__ncforminfo=HsnvEFAkbPJB7V37HbPRKNthCovtX72tIkTgxSNMRCqWxSEyCG_jzHpjwAfdMXnJEkmzpDG3A3Ww_bcZlAv1GUQ7I-cRJNjX2t8CbQTzOKE=&amp;__ncforminfo=QelFgbU4fe4qjxFmuVVtDvQW3tcxZwxEJu_4XTfiOwUaE21mEYc_gYtSNiQDvk0xu4dx-yNCrhY2_lLYgH3KjcBkWi4im0ZUifLzUpd3uzTXQKXHFTaHNA==&amp;__ncforminfo=DqRts6tayT5KrWqBImOPqXhHimJBYXUhdXJ9_UfAfIGtQbWjUyWZN1THChgCV1T3CGjQAYBR1Uhf_l37mUavoJNtvRWtVXalPc2IXdhrqWs3ddHR4DYCj1g0Q0H7WHg8&#038;__ncforminfo=Cp-qtxMYGzv4tX5YGVmuOcz6yRcBvsSx7swU77sdEXp6IJShK0xPytEtrhpWNjX6EFrA8IpWO_HrDb6EH0643K8TCqIdQDBRq8IEclfG7JkFgs_PA48rr2cPNgiQP-CY8h6Y_2zYe0Q=\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journal_img.php?id=21100944566&amp;__ncforminfo=HsnvEFAkbPJB7V37HbPRKNthCovtX72tsYwxzKTt_e4way9NBpWEIYfWX5COJeZxQxrwkfsYKOLhkNBZ_DRjcQ==&amp;__ncforminfo=QelFgbU4fe4qjxFmuVVtDvQW3tcxZwxERLzeB-mr1Y_zAZjBk8tJ0YT0WHbvp4UCFOFNIxWDwYvHbVdOWXlsUASrpjvUO6Gm&amp;__ncforminfo=DqRts6tayT5KrWqBImOPqXhHimJBYXUhWNpFOLE4ZGHpfLXatiGkO5GjzLOYVBzhD1xQIumERZ8ZYEBEvat9IYsxdeK94uqU09VOhuGrGfE=&#038;__ncforminfo=Cp-qtxMYGzv4tX5YGVmuOcz6yRcBvsSxPM_7A0IlIk1KMGFu1VFsk9kbZtSrfB4FKCK4rzmHYKhhOcZKE5_zwx0klLKgT1HQNVTZxGvjvIxClgRKqTf5iQ==\" alt=\"SCImago Journal &amp; Country Rank\" width=\"204\" height=\"204\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a3a9a18 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a3a9a18\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38e3c1eb\" data-id=\"38e3c1eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dfdcab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"3dfdcab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1053\" class=\"elementor elementor-1053\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70e7948 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70e7948\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b5bfd7\" data-id=\"1b5bfd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1892abb elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1892abb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tIndexed &amp; Abstracted by\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2f9c55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2f9c55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b0c891\" data-id=\"0b0c891\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-524dd0b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"524dd0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/sourceid\/21100944566\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-SCOPUS.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4655\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-06f2476\" data-id=\"06f2476\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42dc02d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"42dc02d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mjl.clarivate.com:\/\/search-results?issn=2232-1314&#038;hide_exact_match_fl=true&#038;utm_source=mjl&#038;utm_medium=share-by-link&#038;utm_campaign=search-results-share-this-journal\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb7aa49\" data-id=\"cb7aa49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35ca6e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35ca6e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/88x31.png\" width=\"88\" height=\"31\" \/><\/span><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Authors retain copyright of their work. Articles published in IJIT are distributed under the <span style=\"color: #f7f381;\"><a style=\"color: #f7f381;\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License <br \/>(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)<\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ed2aa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ed2aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easycounter.com\/counter.php?ijitukm&#038;__ncforminfo=UFBBnh2iQt1z85PE6YuniOjJkuG7UP239YaabcmOcuoZTQlL5ZLo3ckfBmIOXYpWq7Ejkp7JN8vk7ZIFqX3yCA==&#038;__ncforminfo=pax0TaxNQSEzaHXTDxBT9Jd8A_EJNHxRnTRn6nNTL82-biGy4jiEUk35MksuZhov4QCMNcmeWt4Ej2EFzG63CnmeEoJuhlel&#038;__ncforminfo=mCQMoR_z7TLwu4_GhLFu_PHeUJTqtl9nSG5ftRafTNsckO8On0DBsxvevcbjCby1IKfQV4jPRF-eQaL_Z1d8FvY6ZrzPqinc7TNSs8T3_7g=&#038;__ncforminfo=w91uEyGZrAYSZ-GTNDsEKXMOsjqj1nSooxuMkB6Bj7LQzwkfvKleXmdjmTKw-_UIpiPwXhEabhksAG76vx1JRndNs3BFRzt2BfYLhX2Is0-KmD0VwWEEOQ==&#038;__ncforminfo=DJP9RnalEqJuDO-tXAZoSTxcZOQGVQx4S3JqsrmR0GOzduU-hiQnYSmVeQOYYwZ4gFQ5LmNJoORW59GdiiUqY1loQ8APTov8lZutkYppRxzgRX2IfbpxrnhnAxrjl7dY\" alt=\"Website Hit Counter\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">visitors\u00a0since 01 June 2012<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2715f0\" data-id=\"b2715f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4661ce2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4661ce2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Published by<\/i><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY<\/strong><br \/>Faculty of Islamic Studies<br \/>Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia<br \/>(the National University of Malaysia)<br \/>43600 Bangi, Selangor<br \/>MALAYSIA<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>and<\/i><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>WISDOM ACADEMIA VENTURE<br \/><\/strong>Kuala Lumpur<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cfbc153 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cfbc153\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-845b408\" data-id=\"845b408\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dda9bfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-copyright\" data-id=\"dda9bfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"copyright.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-copyright-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Copyright \u00a9 2026 IJIT - U K M <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ethics Statement Publication Ethics Statement The\u00a0International Journal of Islamic Thought\u00a0(IJIT), hereafter referred to as \u201cThe Journal\u201d, is committed to selecting and publishing high-quality scholarly articles<a class=\"ut-readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ethics-statement\/\"> &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2005","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2005","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2005"}],"version-history":[{"count":82,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2005\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5336,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2005\/revisions\/5336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2005"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}