{"id":3536,"date":"2025-05-31T11:52:11","date_gmt":"2025-05-31T11:52:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/?page_id=3536"},"modified":"2025-11-30T16:10:49","modified_gmt":"2025-11-30T16:10:49","slug":"vol-27-june-2025","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/vol-27-june-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 27  &#8211; June 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3536\" class=\"elementor elementor-3536\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c3e443e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c3e443e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3403b5fb\" data-id=\"3403b5fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-220fcc67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"220fcc67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1048\" class=\"elementor elementor-1048\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c56d40c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c56d40c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc4eeb4\" data-id=\"fc4eeb4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee343f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-header-info\" data-id=\"ee343f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-header-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <ul class=\"ekit-header-info\">\n                                    <li>\n                            <a > \n                                                                IJIT | International Journal of Islamic Thought                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b2af36\" data-id=\"8b2af36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c12e66 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-header-info\" data-id=\"8c12e66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-header-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <ul class=\"ekit-header-info\">\n                                    <li>\n                            <a > \n                                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-phone\"><\/i>                                +603 8921 5503                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                                            <li>\n                            <a > \n                                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-email\"><\/i>                                ijit@ukm.edu.my                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43ed288 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43ed288\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-985747c\" data-id=\"985747c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-739421e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"739421e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"69\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3843\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0.png 860w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb12cce\" data-id=\"bb12cce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e184bd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e184bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1024x178.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3276\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1024x178.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-768x133.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1536x267.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT.png 1646w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b15c1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b15c1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c694a6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c694a6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">e-ISSN 2289-6023 |\u00a0\u00a0ISSN 2232-1314<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a7915a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a7915a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9595fb\" data-id=\"d9595fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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 <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d92de33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d92de33\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71bc7b1\" data-id=\"71bc7b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eec10b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/A2-Preliminary-IJIT-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Preliminary<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f53f3b1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f53f3b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d43764 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d43764\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-29af600\" data-id=\"29af600\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43a084a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43a084a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Free Will in Averroes\u2019 Compatibilism<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Ahmad Sunawari Long, Abdull Rahman Mahmood &amp; Mohd Hatib Ismail<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Averroes, compatibilism, desire, free will, intention<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-12f9042 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"12f9042\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5fc015f\" data-id=\"5fc015f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc4001b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc4001b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ahmad-Sunawari-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.313<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e86be49 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e86be49\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e525963\" data-id=\"e525963\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b331661 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b331661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 1-13<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77aa81d elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"77aa81d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-77aa81d\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-77aa81d\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Free Will in Averroes\u2019 Compatibilism<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Ahmad Sunawari Long, Abdull Rahman Mahmood &amp; Mohd Hatib Ismail<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Averroes, a prominent Islamic philosopher, reconciled divine omniscience with human free will through a compatibilist framework. He argued that God\u2019s foreknowledge does not necessitate determinism; instead, it re?lects the reality of events as they unfold. Drawing on Aristotelian metaphysics, Averroes distinguished between necessary events, like natural phenomena, and contingent events, such as human actions shaped by reason and choice. He maintained that human free will exists within a deterministic universe, preserving moral accountability. Averroes integrated Islamic theology with philosophy, addressing tensions between divine omnipotence and human agency. He proposed that God\u2019s knowledge does not compel human actions, likening it to an astronomer predicting an eclipse\u2014knowledge does not equate to causation. Human actions are influenced by reason, imagination, and external factors, but free will arises from rational deliberation and the ability to act intentionally. In reconciling religion and philosophy, Averroes emphasized metaphorical interpretations of the Quran, appealing to both laypeople and intellectuals. He argued that verses emphasizing divine control foster submission among the masses, while those highlighting human agency guide scholars. Averroes\u2019 compatibilism upholds the coexistence of divine sovereignty and human responsibility, legitimizing philosophy within Islamic thought and supporting ethical accountability.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67516bb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67516bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ahmad-Sunawari-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e0b29e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9e0b29e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-38b418d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"38b418d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d184f2\" data-id=\"7d184f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79e4187 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79e4187\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Medical \u2018Will\u2019 as One of the End-of-Life Decisions<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Ahmet Ek\u015fi &amp; H\u00fcseyin Okur\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Doctor, Islamic law, medical will, patient, treatment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-199dabb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"199dabb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-07f0b6f\" data-id=\"07f0b6f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-190a2c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"190a2c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ahmet-Eksi-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.314<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f82aad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4f82aad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2071e2a\" data-id=\"2071e2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db07f37 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db07f37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 14-26<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d2ff1f elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"9d2ff1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-9d2ff1f\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-9d2ff1f\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Medical \u2018Will\u2019 as One of the End-of-Life Decisions<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Ahmet Ek\u015fi &amp; H\u00fcseyin Okur\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>A medical will is a request that includes prospective health instructions for situations in which a person will lose the ability to make a will and make decisions. These requests are generally related to terminating treatments that do not help or terminating treatments connected to life support units. However, the fact that Islamic law limits the authority over the patient&#8217;s body regarding treatment to the principles of &#8220;non-harm&#8221; or &#8220;benefit&#8221; hinders the legality of the patient&#8217;s health-related instructions. Islamic law mandates that medical interventions for treatment require the patient&#8217;s or their legal representative&#8217;s permission, while the decision to terminate treatment rests with the physician. Although &#8220;medical wills&#8221; and death-related will transactions share a commonality of containing prospective requests, they are legally distinct. Therefore, it is impossible to find legitimacy for a medical will by citing a will, a death-related disposition. This study focuses on the roles of patients and physicians in end-of-life health decisions, explicitly addressing &#8220;medical wills.&#8221; It will qualitatively explore this topic, drawing from classical and contemporary Islamic legal literature. Occasional comparisons with legal frameworks in Europe and Turkey will be made to reveal the Islamic legal perspective.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fb1ec1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fb1ec1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ahmet-Eksi-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-856f6eb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"856f6eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2f754e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a2f754e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-76bd0c8\" data-id=\"76bd0c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80479aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"80479aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">The Misrepresented Views of William Muir on Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Polygyny<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Aliyu Kabir &amp; Mohammed Muneer\u2019deen Olodo Al-Shafi\u2019i\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Polygyny, prophethood, Prophet Muhammad, Muir<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-be0ee07 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"be0ee07\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-24d9f9d\" data-id=\"24d9f9d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6c136f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6c136f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Aliyu-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.315<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa4861d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa4861d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c07283e\" data-id=\"c07283e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8fb993 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8fb993\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 27-36<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86b7522 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"86b7522\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-86b7522\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-86b7522\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">The Misrepresented Views of William Muir on Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Polygyny<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Aliyu Kabir &amp; Mohammed Muneer\u2019deen Olodo Al-Shafi\u2019i\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>The polygynous marriage of the Prophet Muhammad has been one of the most controversial issues in Muslim-Christian relations. Muslims and Christian generally believe that Prophet Muhammad was monogynous before, during, and after his mission as a prophet. Non-Muslim scholars, especially Christians, have written books and articles on this issue. William Muir\u2019s works are controversial because of his extreme representation of the polygyny of the Prophet in order to condemn the Prophethood of Prophet Muhammad. William Muir asserts that the Prophet was evil and has unbridled desires, which was among the factors that led him to practice polygynous marriage. The aim of this study is to analyse and evaluate Muir\u2019s views on the polygynous life of the Prophet, and to carefully clarify Islamic historical sources concerning same, to prove its authenticity and shed light on reasons behind the Prophet practicing polygyny. The study employs qualitative approach and analytical method to collect data of relevance. The finding shows that arranging marriages by the Prophet was not for desirable purposes as Muir asserted, but rather was an effort to provide shelter to individuals experiencing difficulty in settling their lives for particular reasons.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7044370 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7044370\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Aliyu-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da49768 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"da49768\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-db57e0a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db57e0a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-362d42d\" data-id=\"362d42d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79154f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79154f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">The Status of Jinn as Companions of the Prophet Muhammad and Their Tradition in the Hadith Narration<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Fadlan Mohd Othman, Mohammad Taha Haji Hassan, Mohd Farhan Md Ariffin &amp; Erba Rozalina Yulianti<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Companions, jahalah, jinn, narrators, \u2018ulum al-hadith.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9818b2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9818b2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e29254b\" data-id=\"e29254b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53103a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53103a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Fadlan-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.316<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d4639e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d4639e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-be09744\" data-id=\"be09744\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0bd1a6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0bd1a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 37-50<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d04f4e elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"0d04f4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-0d04f4e\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-0d04f4e\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">The Status of Jinn as Companions of the Prophet Muhammad and Their Tradition in the Hadith Narration<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Fadlan Mohd Othman, Mohammad Taha Haji Hassan, Mohd Farhan Md Ariffin &amp; Erba Rozalina Yulianti<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The existence of hadith narrators from among the jinn has been acknowledged since the early Islamic centuries. The status of jinn as narrators can be veri&lt;ied through recorded chains of transmission or contextually within the text of hadith. However, the credibility (al-\u2018adalah) and accuracy (al-dabt) of jinn as narrators have been subjects of scholarly debate. This study evaluates the status of jinn narrators, identi&lt;ies their names, and examines their interactions in transmitting hadith according to the hadith tradition. By analyzing historical and social contexts, this research discovers 51 jinn narrators, concluding that their status is classi&lt;ied as jahalah (uncertain). Scholars of hadith have largely rejected and prohibited the transmission of hadith from jinn. An index of jinn narrators has been compiled to prevent confusion stemming from hadith dissemination based on claims, fantasies, or imagination.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8eae34b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8eae34b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Fadlan-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-919224d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"919224d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-94b7430 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94b7430\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1349f23\" data-id=\"1349f23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a624864 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a624864\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Jewish-Israeli and Arab-Palestinian Relations in The Perspective of Cultural Conflict<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Fadlil Munawwar Manshur\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Arab-Palestinian, cultural adoption, cultural conflict, Israeli literature, Jewish-Israeli<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-998f8cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"998f8cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e26623f\" data-id=\"e26623f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc8b138 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc8b138\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Fadlil-IJIT-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.317<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a323b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a323b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3fb75e0\" data-id=\"3fb75e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc8665c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc8665c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 51-64<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cacdfb6 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"cacdfb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-cacdfb6\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-cacdfb6\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Jewish-Israeli and Arab-Palestinian Relations in The Perspective of Cultural Conflict<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Fadlil Munawwar Manshur\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>This study examines the relation between the Jewish-Israeli nation and the Arab- Palestinian nation through an analysis of cultural conflict. Furthermore, the elements of Jewish-Israeli cultural identity and Arab-Palestinian cultural identity warrant discussion, as the two identities, despite their proximity, are historically and genealogically in perpetual struggle. Jewish-Israeli culture is fundamentally constructed and evolved through Arab-Palestinian culture. This perspective is very painful due to the ongoing marginalization and eradication of Arab-Palestinian culture facilitated by Jewish-Israeli cultural initiatives. This figurative perspective is seen in the <br \/>disregard for Arab-Palestinians among Jewish-Israelis. Furthermore, initiatives aim to internalize and value Arab-Palestinian culture within the context of Jewish-Israeli culture in the socio-cultural landscape. This examination of the relationship between Jewish-Israeli and Arab-Palestinian culture is exemplified by the process of mimicry, when the colonized nation adopts, internalizes, and adapts the traits of the colonizers. This situation necessitates consideration of how the relationship between Jews and Israelis as colonists seeks to adopt, assimilate, and adapt the attributes of the Arab-Palestinian people they colonize.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56a36df elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"56a36df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Fadlil-IJIT-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df9b2b8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"df9b2b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-514ba93 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"514ba93\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4bc46c6\" data-id=\"4bc46c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b605df5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b605df5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Leveraging on Experts&#8217; Psychological Strategies in Decision Making: A Case for Shariah- Compliant Medical Service for Medical Tourism via Analytical Hierarchical Process<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Farrah Ilyani Che Jamaludin, Muhammad Ridhuan Tony Lim Abdullah, Mohd Nuri Al-Amin Endut &amp; Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd Salleh<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), decision-making process, medical tourism, psychological complement strategies, shariah-compliant medical service<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8232e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8232e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e3e5f4d\" data-id=\"e3e5f4d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce07758 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce07758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Farrah-Ilyani-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.318<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a75093c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a75093c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d285b3\" data-id=\"2d285b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4ed562 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d4ed562\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 65-82<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d1d053 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"9d1d053\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-9d1d053\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-9d1d053\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Leveraging on Experts&#8217; Psychological Strategies in Decision Making: A Case for Shariah- Compliant Medical Service for Medical Tourism via Analytical Hierarchical Process<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Farrah Ilyani Che Jamaludin, Muhammad Ridhuan Tony Lim Abdullah, Mohd Nuri Al-Amin Endut &amp; Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd Salleh<\/em><\/p><p>Previous research has revealed that expert decision makers possess the ability to overcome cognitive limitations, particularly in group decision making. This study aims to capitalize on these psychological cognitive complement strategies of experts in the development of a Shariah-compliant medical service framework, a growing need in the medical tourism industry. Twelve experts were selected to participate in the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This method involved breaking down the problem into its constituent elements and comparing their relative importance. This method involved breaking down the problem into its constituent elements and comparing their relative importance. By relying on expert opinions and following a structured decision-making process, the proposed framework provides healthcare professionals with guidelines for delivering exceptional and comprehensive care to Muslim patients and tourists globally, in accordance with the principles of Shariah.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7679e51 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7679e51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Farrah-Ilyani-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fca4597 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fca4597\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-256815b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"256815b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-629a52a\" data-id=\"629a52a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99dbf1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99dbf1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Challenging the Verdict of Epigonality: A Study of Late Antique Judeo-Christian Literature Traces in the Quran<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Huseyin Halil\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Epigonality, exegesis, parallelism, the Quran, Judeo-Christian literature<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-40f825d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"40f825d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2214120\" data-id=\"2214120\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b89a4db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b89a4db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Huseyin-IJIT-Volume-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.319<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7046f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7046f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-10ff783\" data-id=\"10ff783\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5da846 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5da846\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 83-91<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7caec20 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"7caec20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-7caec20\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-7caec20\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Challenging the Verdict of Epigonality: A Study of Late Antique Judeo-Christian Literature Traces in the Quran<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Huseyin Halil\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Is the Quran an epigonic text? In other words, does the Quran rely on Late Antique Judeo- Christian literature for its stories, figures, and themes? This article examines the widely debated claim among Western scholars that the Quran is an epigonic work, borrowing from prior religious texts, and aims to critically assess this assertion. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, many Western Orientalists argued that the Quran was constructed through selective borrowing from Judeo-Christian literature. Key figures promoting this view include Abraham Geiger, Michael Cook, and Christopher Luxenberg. However, from the latter half of the 20th century onwards, there has been a significant shift in Western academic perspectives on the Qur\u02be\u0101n, with increasing recognition of its originality and theological independence. Scholars like Sidney Griffith and Joseph Witztum argue that while the Quran may have adapted stories from earlier religious traditions, it reinterprets them within a distinct theological framework, exhibiting originality. Although certain Quranic narratives bear similarities to Jewish and Christian sources, their recontextualization within the Quran highlights the text\u2019s unique theological message. This paper challenges the notion of epigonality by examining the Qur\u02be\u0101n\u2019s originality and its divine origins in light of recent academic discourse.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a962654 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a962654\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Huseyin-IJIT-Volume-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd760b5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cd760b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9023605 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9023605\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcfd278\" data-id=\"dcfd278\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf2c3d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf2c3d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Islamophobia, Populism and Peace in the Perspective of Relinquished Financial European Economies: A Systematic Review<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Jolita Vveinhardt, Tariq Hussain, Ahmed Raza Ul Mustafa &amp; Hira Abdul Rawoof<\/em><br \/>Keywords: European economies, Islamophobia, peace, populism<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0510ad4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0510ad4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c46f8b\" data-id=\"8c46f8b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de4540a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de4540a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Jolita-Vivienhhart-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.320<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-781ff26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"781ff26\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab44c88\" data-id=\"ab44c88\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c66685 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c66685\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 92-104<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da45ccf elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"da45ccf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-da45ccf\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-da45ccf\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Islamophobia, Populism and Peace in the Perspective of Relinquished Financial European Economies: A Systematic Review<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Jolita Vveinhardt, Tariq Hussain, Ahmed Raza Ul Mustafa &amp; Hira Abdul Rawoof<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Dwindling capitalism and its offshoot democracy upsurge populism, which has various forms and tries to adjust all the rising issues of social sciences. Populism, in the political arena, the division of \u201cus\u201d and \u201cthem\u201d is like drawing an invisible unbroken line among humanity. The scope of this study, based on a complex web of Islamophobia, populism, and peace, is to investigate the role of financial challenges in European economies. Hence, by studying literature between 2018 and 2024, the study delves into Islamophobian and populist facts in countries faced with economic exhaustivity at their foundation, elements, and effects. By scrutiny, major factors expose the importance of ideological applied constructions, historical contexts, as well as political narratives catering for the victimization of Muslims and culminating in the right-wing populist movements. Also, the discussion on Islamophobia covers the contribution of media discourse and digital platforms in raising Islamophobic emotions together with the loss of tolerance and cultural cohesion. In the same way, the paper also addresses the dynamics between politics and religion, looking at instances where Islamophobic sentiments are used by populist parties to gain at the polls, among other things, with an eye on how this affects the peaceful relations between all the groups in a given union. This review has helped to demonstrate the mechanisms of the development of Islamophobia and populism following financial crises in the European economies and how this can be attenuated in such societies.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83ab05e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83ab05e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Jolita-Vivienhhart-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b5faa7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3b5faa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a7c044 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a7c044\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3c613b\" data-id=\"a3c613b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f4e77e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f4e77e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Revisiting Medinah Charter: Towards the Realization of <em>Maqasid Al-Shariah <\/em>for Contemporary Plural Societies\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Khalil Ahmad &amp; Muneer Kuttiyani Muhammad\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Maqasid al-Shari\u2019ah, Medinah Charter, Muslim minority, peaceful co-existence, religious freedom, social integrity.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca06f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca06f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a03474\" data-id=\"3a03474\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ce54c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51ce54c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Khalil-Ahmad-IJIT-Vol-27-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.321<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-253e9c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"253e9c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9bbdb25\" data-id=\"9bbdb25\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bdcc90 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6bdcc90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 105-116<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2a0352 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"d2a0352\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-d2a0352\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-d2a0352\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Revisiting Medinah Charter: Towards the Realization of <em>Maqasid Al-Shariah <\/em>for Contemporary Plural Societies\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Khalil Ahmad &amp; Muneer Kuttiyani Muhammad\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The Medinah Charter has been studied from various perspectives. Most discourses on the Medinah Charter revolve around the political dimension. However, the Prophetic actions of the Medinah Charter need to be analyzed in the light of the Maqasid al-Shariah. This paper aims to explore the Medinah Charter from a Maqasid perspective taking into consideration its socio-religious structure. For this purpose, this research identifies some important Maqasid underlying the Medinah Charter and the Prophetic approach toward the people of other faiths. This study argues that the Medinah Charter and the measures taken by the Prophet Muhammad were potential means for materializing universal higher objectives of the Shariah. Based on descriptive and analytical methods, this study sheds light on some universal higher objectives of the Shariah in the Charter such as freedom of faith, peaceful co-existence, and social integrity. All these social objectives were preserved in Medinan society at a collective level. By analyzing those universal objectives, this paper establishes their relevance to fostering peaceful co-existence, freedom of faith, and social integrity between different ethnic-religious communities of the modern world, especially in Muslim minority societies.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-148e88c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"148e88c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Khalil-Ahmad-IJIT-Vol-27-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c9eb58 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4c9eb58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a80706c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a80706c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-972a1e5\" data-id=\"972a1e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9780095 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9780095\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Islamic Financial Literacy Education on Innovative Retirement Financial Product<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Lee Chin Yee &amp; Kelvin Lee Yong Ming\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Financial decision-making, innovative financial product, Islamic finance, nominal group technique, retirement planning<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c790f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4c790f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-589fc87\" data-id=\"589fc87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2abba27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2abba27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lee-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.322<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3d81d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3d81d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e94a68d\" data-id=\"e94a68d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e345d86 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e345d86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 117-124<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2237c86 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"2237c86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-2237c86\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-2237c86\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Islamic Financial Literacy Education on Innovative Retirement Financial Product<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Lee Chin Yee &amp; Kelvin Lee Yong Ming\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In Islamic finance, shariah compliance is crucial to advancing moral, just, and socially conscious financial practices that benefit people as well as communities. This study aims to explore the Islamic financial literacy requirements related to innovative retirement products. Despite the availability of innovative financial products, there remains a significant gap in financial literacy, particularly regarding the Maqasid al-Shariah concept. This lack of understanding often leads to poor financial decisions among both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers, preventing them from achieving their financial goals. To address this issue, the study employs the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to gather insights and suggestions from middle-aged individuals. The findings will highlight the practical education ideas for the policymakers and financial institutions to better inform consumers about appropriate Islamic finance products for retirement planning. With the outcome, it found that policymakers and financial institutions should implement the pull method to reach the consumer from online and offline approaches.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be4d862 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be4d862\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lee-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96210c4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"96210c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e8bd55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e8bd55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f4695e3\" data-id=\"f4695e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b09cd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b09cd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">The Islamic Energy Garden (IEG) Framework for Sustainable Living in Malaysian University Campuses Based on Maqasid Shariah<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Madihah Mat Idris, Elina Mohd Husini, Azman Ab. Rahman &amp; Nasrudin Sharkawi\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Campus design, Islamic energy garden, maqasid shariah, sustainable<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-57d6bf3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"57d6bf3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ea36f3\" data-id=\"4ea36f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da82898 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da82898\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Madihah-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.323<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d63b56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d63b56\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1104343\" data-id=\"1104343\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76f1b0e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76f1b0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 125-136<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a940b0 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"5a940b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-5a940b0\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-5a940b0\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">The Islamic Energy Garden (IEG) Framework for Sustainable Living in Malaysian University Campuses Based on Maqasid Shariah<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Madihah Mat Idris, Elina Mohd Husini, Azman Ab. Rahman &amp; Nasrudin Sharkawi\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>An Islamic Energy Garden (IEG) refers to a garden concept that merges Islamic principles and sustainable energy practices aligned with Maqasid Shariah. The IEG provides a sustainable living environment that harmonises nature, community, and Islamic principles. Despite the growing interest in Islamic gardens, however, in Malaysia, there is no specific design framework for Islamic Garden in campus environments that integrates sustainable design practices. This paper presents a comprehensive review and proposes prospective research directions for the establishment of the Islamic Energy Garden (IEG) Framework for Sustainable Living in Malaysian Campuses in line with the Maqasid Shariah. The review encompasses an analysis of the concept of IEG within the Malaysian context in accordance with the principle of Maqasid Shariah (Protection of Faith, Life, Intellectual, Lineage, and Property). These initial IEG conceptual framework cover various aspects, including spiritual connection, well-being, knowledge dissemination, social integration and environmental sustainability. It is hoped that this research outcome will serve as a transformative and exemplary model for implementing a sustainable living in the campus environment, promoting a culture of environmental consciousness among the campus community, which is in line with the 17 Big Bolds in Economy Madani, which is \u2018Enculturation of Madani society.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb9a090 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb9a090\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Madihah-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b92eb8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9b92eb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cc89ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cc89ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-270a5e8\" data-id=\"270a5e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10c5d25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10c5d25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">From Entertainment to Enlightenment: Media\u2019s Role in the Lives of Borneo Muslim Converts<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Salinayanti Salim &amp; Siti Aishah Chu Abdullah\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Borneo, entertainment, mediatization, Muslim converts, religion<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c85757d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c85757d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b506e3\" data-id=\"2b506e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0427b1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0427b1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Salinayati-IJIT-vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.324<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a448f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a448f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d5fa1c\" data-id=\"8d5fa1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f60b9a0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f60b9a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 137-149<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40ff541 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"40ff541\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-40ff541\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-40ff541\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">From Entertainment to Enlightenment: Media\u2019s Role in the Lives of Borneo Muslim Converts<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Salinayanti Salim &amp; Siti Aishah Chu Abdullah\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The rapid expansion of media platforms significantly transformed interactions with culture and religion. Drawing on mediatization theory, this study aims to investigate a contemporary issue, which is related to religious identity in the context of media consumption and entertainment. The participants of this study are Borneo Muslim converts in Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei. The study employed qualitative methods through semi-structured interviews with 15 Muslim converts. The data were categorized into themes and analyzed via Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The primary finding shows that Muslim converts in Borneo utilised media selectively, both as a resource for religious consumption and as a mechanism to strengthen their spirituality. These findings suggest the importance of media as a conduit for religious consumption and spiritual reinforcement through entertainment. It indicates that media producers and religious educators should consider the specific needs of this demographic to support their faith journey.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd953c3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd953c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Salinayati-IJIT-vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a62b1b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2a62b1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-003d562 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"003d562\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-63b926b\" data-id=\"63b926b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56db206 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"56db206\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">International Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Humanitarian Aid for Uyghur Muslims in East Turkestan<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Siti Muliani Abdul Ghani, Asyraf Ab Rahman &amp; Syahrin Said\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: East Turkestan, humanitarian aid, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Uyghur Muslims<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-09db7c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"09db7c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d54fdfb\" data-id=\"d54fdfb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-351d69d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"351d69d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Siti-Muliani-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.325<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-51daac5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"51daac5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-45ef432\" data-id=\"45ef432\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15f3526 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15f3526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 150-159<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c216ff elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"2c216ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-2c216ff\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-2c216ff\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">International Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Humanitarian Aid for Uyghur Muslims in East Turkestan<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Siti Muliani Abdul Ghani, Asyraf Ab Rahman &amp; Syahrin Said\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Repressive and discriminatory oppression and tyranny against the lives of Uyghur Muslims in East Turkestan caused various violations of human rights. Therefore, multiple non-governmental organizations (NGOs) came forward to provide this vulnerable group with various forms of humanitarian assistance. The main objective of this study is to identify the forms of assistance and the role that international NGOs have successfully implemented. Based on a qualitative approach involving in-depth interview methods with six international NGOs. These NGOs were chosen because they are active in Uyghur Muslim humanitarian missions and have extensive networks with various other NGOs. The study&#8217;s Kindings show that various forms of humanitarian aid have been given to international NGOs selected in this study involving basic needs, education, support, consultation, and so on. The form of aid given shows that NGOs are always trying to help ease the burden faced by Uyghur Muslims. In addition, brings awareness to the community about the real humanitarian situation in East Turkestan. In the context of the international NGO arena, this study contributes from the point of view of improving ISO 9001: 2000 standards in providing a positive impact on the quality and credibility of the humanitarian aid sector, to refocus activities involving international humanitarian aid organizations on humanitarian needs to stimulate aid agencies to meet the quality needs of each recipient.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33e7d20 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33e7d20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Siti-Muliani-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d330a24 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d330a24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a9a481 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a9a481\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc26c47\" data-id=\"cc26c47\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b90fd65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b90fd65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Tolerance in the Theology of Islamic Reform: A Hermeneutic Reading of Muhammad Ali Jinnah\u2019s Thought<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Theguh Saumantri, Taufik Hidayatulloh, Sumanta &amp; Ahmad Asmuni\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Hermeneutics, Islamic tolerance, Jinnah, reformation, theological reform<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a704870 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a704870\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a1d0622\" data-id=\"a1d0622\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a83721 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a83721\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Theguh-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.326<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-791995e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"791995e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-488b811\" data-id=\"488b811\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-364d527 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"364d527\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 160-170<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a39b5e9 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"a39b5e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-a39b5e9\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-a39b5e9\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Tolerance in the Theology of Islamic Reform: A Hermeneutic Reading of Muhammad Ali Jinnah\u2019s Thought<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Theguh Saumantri, Taufik Hidayatulloh, Sumanta &amp; Ahmad Asmuni\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Muhammad Ali Jinnah was an Islamic reformer who spoke about the importance of religious tolerance in shaping a harmonious and inclusive society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to interpret the ideas within the theological thought of Muhammad Ali Jinnah that are related to tolerance in Islam. Ricoeur\u2019s hermeneutics is used as the analytical approach, while the technique employed is verstehen. The results of this study explain that there are three theological reform ideas proposed by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. First, the constitutional reform, which emphasizes the importance of legal equality for all citizens regardless of religion, ethnicity, or social background. Second, the political reform, which encourages the active participation of Muslims in a democratic and inclusive political system, while recognizing the rights of minorities. Third, the social reform, which focuses on the development of social and economic welfare, as well as the improvement of the quality of life for all citizens. All of Jinnah\u2019s ideas align with the tolerant teachings of Islam and can be integrated into the Indonesian context to promote social harmony and strengthen national solidarity amidst diversity.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3b0ee9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3b0ee9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Theguh-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-708e0b9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"708e0b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-460e53e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"460e53e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d56033\" data-id=\"1d56033\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7f7317 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7f7317\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Digital Islamic Authority and Muslim Identity within the Western Context<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Wael Hegazy &amp; Reda Abdelgaliil\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Cyberspace, digital, Islamic authority, Islamic rituals, Muslim identity, virtual religious experience<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b936cd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b936cd7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f1763f\" data-id=\"4f1763f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01bc53e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01bc53e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Wael-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.327<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d9643cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d9643cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f71f121\" data-id=\"f71f121\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f075f1b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f075f1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 171-179<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dbddde elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"9dbddde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-9dbddde\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-9dbddde\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Digital Islamic Authority and Muslim Identity within the Western Context<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Wael Hegazy &amp; Reda Abdelgaliil\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The expanding online religious experience is increasingly challenging, if not supplanting, the traditional offline counterpart, necessitating a thorough examination of the mechanisms underlying this transformative influence. Furthermore, this cyber-mediated religious experience has a significant influence not just on individuals who engage in religious pursuits through online channels, but also on authority structures and identity dynamics. Particularly, an overarching inquiry arises: does this switch from offline to online domains delineate a hybrid portrayal of contemporary Western Muslim religious life? Therefore, a critical examination regarding the ensuing status of traditional religious authorities within the Western milieu subsequent to this transition towards the online sphere is necessary. By synthesizing insights from the existing literature on Digital Islam and a comprehensive analysis of contemporary circumstances, this study argues that the emergence of Islamic cyber experience in the western world which has forged a new dimension for Muslims. Notably, the Cyber Islamic Environment (CIE), which competes with the traditional physical religious sphere, has had a significant impact on several elements of Muslim religious life. Within this investigation, emphasis is placed on two key tenets\u2014authority and identity\u2014to elucidate the multifaceted impacts experienced by Muslim communities. In terms of authority, while the traditional Islamic authority remains stable, cohesive, and community-centric, the cyber authority is characterized by being individualistic, uncensored, and heightened stringency, albeit being more accessible. The same applies to identity. Unlike the relatively stable and authentic nature of spatial identity, characterized by its static and realistic features, cyber identity is characterized by volatility, lack of genuineness, and a propensity for constant change.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8a47c3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8a47c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Wael-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95cea4c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"95cea4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c55117 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c55117\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e174296\" data-id=\"e174296\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e021220 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e021220\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Abdullah Hashem, Ahmadi \u2013Agama Keamanan dan Cahaya, dan al-Qa\u2019im<br \/><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Abdullah Hashem, the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light, and al-Qa\u2019im<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><br \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Yusri Mohamad Ramli\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Abdullah Hashem, Ahmad al-Hasan, deviant, religious cult, the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light, the Goal of the Wise<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9fa3ce2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9fa3ce2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6848f6f\" data-id=\"6848f6f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8745b8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8745b8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Yusri-IJIT-June-2025-Edited.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.328<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-78ff987 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"78ff987\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea1b4c5\" data-id=\"ea1b4c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1c6537 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1c6537\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 180-192<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fd0560 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"0fd0560\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-0fd0560\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-0fd0560\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Abdullah Hashem, Ahmadi \u2013Agama Keamanan dan Cahaya, dan al-Qa\u2019im<br \/><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Abdullah Hashem, the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light, and al-Qa\u2019im<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><br \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Yusri Mohamad Ramli\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light is a very fast-growing and global religious cult. The leader of this movement is an Egyptian American Abdullah Hashem who centers his doctrines on the Shi\u2019ite\u2019s teaching of the messianic notion of al-Qa\u2019im or the Riser who appears before the coming of al-Mahdi. With the rapid growth and numerous incidents around the world involving this emerging cult, a study is needed to understand the background of its founder, Abdullah Hashem, the formation of the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light, and its central doctrine of al-Qa\u2019im.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecc4c8d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ecc4c8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Yusri-IJIT-June-2025-Edited.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fc5dce elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6fc5dce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e1f40bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e1f40bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a90f26c\" data-id=\"a90f26c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee2cb14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee2cb14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">An Islamic Approach to Poetics: The Role of Muslim Philosophers in Offering an Alternative Literary Theory<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><em>Zubaida Nusrat &amp; Adibah Abdul Rahim\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Faith, Islamic approach, literary theories, Muslim philosophers, poetics<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8d208a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8d208a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e75c16\" data-id=\"1e75c16\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-254d7d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"254d7d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Zubaida-IJIT-Vol-25-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.329<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f9c3a1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f9c3a1d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8153109\" data-id=\"8153109\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25c3e4b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25c3e4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 193-201<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83555e4 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"83555e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-83555e4\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-83555e4\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">An Islamic Approach to Poetics: The Role of Muslim Philosophers in Offering an Alternative Literary Theory<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Zubaida Nusrat &amp; Adibah Abdul Rahim\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Little is known about the contributions made by the Muslim literary philosophers of the medieval age since their ideas on poetics have not been well documented. Al-Farabi and Ibn-Sina, offered an explanation of reasoning to reconcile poetry with the corpus of consistent ideas regarding truths as revealed in the Quran. Ibn Rushd compared poetry to a logical organ of philosophy, claiming that its distinctive characteristics enable the communication of truth and draw the creative mind nearer to God. Despite their extensive theoretical resources in poetry, the literary philosophies of these thinkers are largely unknown to Muslims and non-Muslims alike. In addition, there are some amounts of confusion and ambivalence about the distinctiveness of their literary theories and has much misunderstanding regarding the importance of faith and logic, as revealed in their exposition of poetic language, imagination, syllogism, nature of the subject, aesthetics and moral validity. Therefore, this paper sheds light on the tradition of poetics in both pre-Islamic Arab culture and medieval Arabic-Islamic period, discusses the reasons for the acceptance of Aristotle&#8217;s Poetics within the Muslim community and explores the distinctive aspects of the leading Muslim philosophers\u2019 literary theories that make them more advanced, and dynamic compared to the Greeks.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86ecf44 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86ecf44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Zubaida-IJIT-Vol-25-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cf3081 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0cf3081\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-621bd03\" data-id=\"621bd03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ff833b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ff833b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cover of the Issue<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f31cfd7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f31cfd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/A1-Cover-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"210\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/A1-Cover-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3550\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2031558 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2031558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol. 27, June 2025<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a484337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"a484337\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3484\" class=\"elementor elementor-3484\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b17f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b17f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a7a431\" data-id=\"8a7a431\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fc35cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5fc35cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db4918f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db4918f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cac3135\" data-id=\"cac3135\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f95eafd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f95eafd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Editor in Chief<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ffb59b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ffb59b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62d0722\" data-id=\"62d0722\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f8e80c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f8e80c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Professor Dr. Ahmad&nbsp;Sunawari Long<br><\/strong><a href=\"mailto:ijit@ukm.edu.my\">ijit@ukm.edu.my<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a45509 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a45509\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b810b7d\" data-id=\"b810b7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d58a77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d58a77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Member of<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d5f99aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d5f99aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ee41e2\" data-id=\"0ee41e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77b2db5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77b2db5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-767\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"156\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 156px) 100vw, 156px\" \/><br \/>COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-28e2f06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28e2f06\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-59f150f\" data-id=\"59f150f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb95d31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cb95d31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ebc62b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ebc62b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a5ca8f\" data-id=\"2a5ca8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cc0088 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0cc0088\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">IJIT in Brief<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d916be3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d916be3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b218be\" data-id=\"3b218be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14e35dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14e35dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">An international scholarly journal on Islamic thought and contemporary Muslim issues.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce47e5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ce47e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1374fdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1374fdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Indexed in Scopus and Web of Science\u2013ESCI.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9e4411 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e9e4411\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6e09ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c6e09ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Fully open access with global readership.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8c19b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d8c19b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfe4028 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bfe4028\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Published twice a year (June and December).<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-288f930 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"288f930\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fad58e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0fad58e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">All submissions undergo double-blind peer review.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e10526 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7e10526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d82c1eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d82c1eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Accepts English manuscripts only.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63c8c6d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"63c8c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43a34db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43a34db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Requires IMRaD writing structure.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4043b1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a4043b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-315e5fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"315e5fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Uses APA citation and formatting style.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1bba40 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1bba40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-352b6cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"352b6cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Committed to COPE\u2019s ethical publishing standards.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cffd4bc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cffd4bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5dc21f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5dc21f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span lang=\"EN-MY\">Published by the National University of Malaysia (UKM) in partnership with Wisdom Academia Venture.<\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a46e54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a46e54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e63ba4\" data-id=\"5e63ba4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8876d06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"8876d06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Image Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ijit-1.png\" alt=\"ijit 1\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ijit-2.png\" alt=\"ijit 2\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a3a9a18 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a3a9a18\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38e3c1eb\" data-id=\"38e3c1eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dfdcab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"3dfdcab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1053\" class=\"elementor elementor-1053\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-68ce613 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"68ce613\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-80ef3c1\" data-id=\"80ef3c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8536e2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f8536e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tIndexed &amp; Abstracted by\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f60311d elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f60311d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4781af6\" data-id=\"4781af6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e256c6a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"e256c6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 14%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1979 gallery-columns-7 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SCOPUS-2022\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTE1NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51a20ubXlcL2lqaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzEwXC9TQ09QVVMtMjAyMi5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlMjU2YzZhIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SCOPUS-2022.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SCOPUS-2022.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SCOPUS-2022.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SCOPUS-2022-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Q1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzUwMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51a20ubXlcL2lqaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA0XC9RMS5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlMjU2YzZhIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Q1.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"249\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Q1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Q1.png 250w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Q1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"ESCI LOGO\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjc0MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51a20ubXlcL2lqaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA4XC9FU0NJLUxPR08ucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZTI1NmM2YSJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ESCI-LOGO.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ESCI-LOGO.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ESCI-LOGO.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ESCI-LOGO-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"ERA2022\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTE1OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51a20ubXlcL2lqaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzEwXC9FUkEyMDIyLnBuZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImUyNTZjNmEifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/ERA2022.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/ERA2022.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/ERA2022.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/ERA2022-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"EBSCO2022\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTE2MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51a20ubXlcL2lqaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzEwXC9FQlNDTzIwMjIucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZTI1NmM2YSJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/EBSCO2022.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/EBSCO2022.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/EBSCO2022.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/EBSCO2022-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"doaj-logo\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzcyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3LnVrbS5teVwvaWppdFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAxOVwvMDdcL2RvYWotbG9nby5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlMjU2YzZhIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/doaj-logo.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"220\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/doaj-logo.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/doaj-logo.png 220w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/doaj-logo-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"ACI LOGO\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjc0MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51a20ubXlcL2lqaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA4XC9BQ0ktTE9HTy5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlMjU2YzZhIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ACI-LOGO.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ACI-LOGO.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ACI-LOGO.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ACI-LOGO-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60ac085 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60ac085\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c22a9c\" data-id=\"1c22a9c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c276c48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c276c48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/88x31.png\" width=\"88\" height=\"31\">International Journal of Islamic Thought&nbsp;by Wisdom Academia Venture&nbsp;is licensed under a&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/deed.en_US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License<\/a> based on a work at&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/archieves\/\">International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/a> permissions beyond the scope of this license is available at&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/copyright\/\">COPYRIGHT<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4691e91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4691e91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easycounter.com\/counter.php?ijitukm\" alt=\"Website Hit Counter\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">visitors\u00a0since 01 June 2012<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f0a5083\" data-id=\"f0a5083\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9af0bd4 elementor-widget 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IJIT - U K M  |  Powered by IJIT - U K M<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home Current Issue Vol. 27, June 2025 Preliminary Free Will in Averroes\u2019 Compatibilism Ahmad Sunawari Long, Abdull Rahman Mahmood &amp; Mohd Hatib IsmailKeywords: Averroes, compatibilism, desire, free will, intention https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.313 Page 1-13 Abstract Abstract &times; Free Will in Averroes\u2019 Compatibilism Ahmad Sunawari Long, Abdull Rahman Mahmood &amp; Mohd Hatib Ismail \u00a0 Averroes, a prominent Islamic 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