{"id":4020,"date":"2025-11-30T16:04:18","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T16:04:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/?page_id=4020"},"modified":"2026-05-14T06:13:26","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T06:13:26","slug":"vol-28-dec-2025","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 28 &#8211; Dec 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4020\" class=\"elementor elementor-4020\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c3e443e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c3e443e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3403b5fb\" data-id=\"3403b5fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-220fcc67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"220fcc67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1048\" class=\"elementor elementor-1048\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c56d40c elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c56d40c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc4eeb4\" data-id=\"fc4eeb4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee343f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-header-info\" data-id=\"ee343f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-header-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <ul class=\"ekit-header-info\">\n                                    <li>\n                            <a > \n                                                                IJIT | International Journal of Islamic Thought                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b2af36\" data-id=\"8b2af36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c12e66 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-header-info\" data-id=\"8c12e66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-header-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <ul class=\"ekit-header-info\">\n                                    <li>\n                            <a > \n                                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-phone\"><\/i>                                +603 8921 5503                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                                            <li>\n                            <a > \n                                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-email\"><\/i>                                ijit@ukm.edu.my                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-754f3a2 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"754f3a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a92e9f4\" data-id=\"a92e9f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07aef75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07aef75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">IJIT | International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43ed288 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43ed288\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-985747c\" data-id=\"985747c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-739421e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"739421e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"860\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3843\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0.png 860w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb12cce\" data-id=\"bb12cce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e184bd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e184bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"178\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1024x178.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3276\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1024x178.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-768x133.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1536x267.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT.png 1646w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b15c1a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b15c1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c694a6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c694a6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">e-ISSN 2289-6023 |\u00a0\u00a0ISSN 2232-1314<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a7915a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a7915a\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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id=\"menu-item-25\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/indexing\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Indexing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d055cb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d055cb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42a437e\" data-id=\"42a437e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d1a8fc5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d1a8fc5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a6093a2\" data-id=\"a6093a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-139b978 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"139b978\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4f10b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f4f10b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><br \/>The<strong> INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT (IJIT)<\/strong> is an internationally refereed online journal (e-ISSN 2289-6023) and printed journal (ISSN 2232-1314). IJIT is jointly published by the Department of Theology and Philosophy; the Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), and; Wisdom Academia Venture. The credibility and achievements of IJIT have qualified it to be indexed by Scopus and the Web of Science (ESCI). The international perspective of IJIT reflected by its international authors, international editors, international reviewers, international member of advisory board, and international access. IJIT is an Open Access Journal that users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles. IJIT supports Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing. Founded in 2012, IJIT published in June and December annually. It is open to authors around the world regardless of the nationality. All published articles are assigned DOI (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035) provided by Crossref. IJIT is a member of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), a leading organization that provides guidelines, resources and support for editors, publishers and researchers to ensure integrity in academic writing and publishing. The International Journal of Islamic Thought (IJIT) has been honoured with the Malaysia Scopus Research Star Award 2024 by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia, in recognition of its outstanding global reputation, scholarly excellence, and impactful research achievements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d92de33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d92de33\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71bc7b1\" data-id=\"71bc7b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45cd8f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45cd8f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Current Issue: Volume 28, (December) 2025<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98fd21f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"98fd21f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/A-Preliminary-IJIT-28-DEC-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRELIMINARY<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f53f3b1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f53f3b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 1\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d43764 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d43764\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-29af600\" data-id=\"29af600\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2776a68 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2776a68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Mohammed Zabidi, Rozainah Abdul Wahab &amp; Wan Qashishah Akmal Wan Razali\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a40312 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8a40312\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19334db elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19334db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religious Extremism through the Lens of Kristevan Abjection<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9277a22 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"9277a22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703711f00-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a13703711f00\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a13703711f00\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a13703711f00\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703711f00-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a13703711f00\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a13703711f00\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a13703711f00\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703711f00-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a13703711f00\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a13703711f00\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a13703711f00\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703711f00\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a13703711f00-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 1-10\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.330\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.330<\/span><\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703711f00\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a13703711f00-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Contemporary medicine often overlooks the spiritual dimension of health and the critical role of preventive care, which are fundamental aspects of Ibn Sina\u2019s teachings. This paper explores the striking parallels between Ibn Sina\u2019s integrative medical principles and the biopsychosocial-spiritual (BPS-S) model, demonstrating how his insights remain relevant in addressing contemporary health challenges. The emergence of the BPS-S model as a holistic healthcare framework has paved the way for reintegrating Ibn Sina\u2019s legacy into contemporary medicine. By incorporating spiritual well-being into mainstream healthcare, this approach offers a more balanced and patient-centered paradigm. Furthermore, the findings support the adoption of \u201cIbn Sina\u2019s Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Balance\u201d as a guiding framework for healthcare, particularly in Malaysia, where holistic healing traditions remain influential. His philosophy aligns with this model by advocating for a multidimensional perspective on health, recognizing the interplay between biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors in disease prevention and treatment. This model can enhance medical education and improve well-being by integrating Ibn Sina\u2019s wisdom with modern advancements, redefining the future of healthcare.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Biopsychosocial-spiritual, Ibn Sina\u2019s medicine, integrative healthcare, modern medicine.\u00a0<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703711f00\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a13703711f00-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ahmad-Fakhrurazzi-IJIT-Vol-28-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 1-10\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.330\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/<span style=\\\"font-weight: 400\\\">10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.330<\/span><\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Contemporary medicine often overlooks the spiritual dimension of health and the critical role of preventive care, which are fundamental aspects of Ibn Sina\u2019s teachings. This paper explores the striking parallels between Ibn Sina\u2019s integrative medical principles and the biopsychosocial-spiritual (BPS-S) model, demonstrating how his insights remain relevant in addressing contemporary health challenges. The emergence of the BPS-S model as a holistic healthcare framework has paved the way for reintegrating Ibn Sina\u2019s legacy into contemporary medicine. By incorporating spiritual well-being into mainstream healthcare, this approach offers a more balanced and patient-centered paradigm. Furthermore, the findings support the adoption of \u201cIbn Sina\u2019s Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Balance\u201d as a guiding framework for healthcare, particularly in Malaysia, where holistic healing traditions remain influential. His philosophy aligns with this model by advocating for a multidimensional perspective on health, recognizing the interplay between biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors in disease prevention and treatment. This model can enhance medical education and improve well-being by integrating Ibn Sina\u2019s wisdom with modern advancements, redefining the future of healthcare.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Biopsychosocial-spiritual, Ibn Sina\u2019s medicine, integrative healthcare, modern medicine.\u00a0<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ahmad-Fakhrurazzi-IJIT-Vol-28-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af96f26 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"af96f26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 2\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-38b418d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"38b418d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d184f2\" data-id=\"7d184f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee08a6b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee08a6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Arip Purkon, Khodijah Hulliyah &amp; Mara Sutan Rambe\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2423c93 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2423c93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-350c707 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"350c707\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Contemporary Ijtihad Process in Digital Era: Opportunities and Challenges from Maslahat Perspective<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-222650a elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"222650a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703714e85-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a13703714e85\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a13703714e85\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a13703714e85\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703714e85-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a13703714e85\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a13703714e85\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a13703714e85\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703714e85-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a13703714e85\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a13703714e85\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a13703714e85\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703714e85\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a13703714e85-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 11-23\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.331<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703714e85\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a13703714e85-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Ijtihad is a dynamic mechanism in Islamic law that provides solutions to contemporary problems not explicitly explained in The Quran and Hadith. Artificial intelligence (AI) \u2018s rapid advancement presents opportunities and challenges for contemporary ijtihad. This study aimed to explore the integration of AI in the ijtihad process through the maslahat mursalah approach. This study used a qualitative approach through literature study. Data sources were carefully selected to ensure the validity and relevance of the findings. In analyzing data, this study used qualitative content analysis techniques. The findings show that integrating AI in contemporary ijtihad offered great opportunities to support ulama in meeting the community\u2019s needs in the digital era. AI provided opportunities to increase efficiency, accessibility, and consistency in the ijtihad process. However, the application of this technology also posed challenges, such as the validity of data sources, contextual limitations, and conflict potential with the ulama authority. The study concluded that the successful implementation of AI required collaboration between ulama and technology experts, technology education in sharia studies, and strict ethical supervision. With a maslahat-based approach, AI can be an instrument that strengthens Islamic law while realizing sustainable benefits. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to bridging the gap between technological innovation and Islamic law, i.e., supporting the development of sharia-compliant AI applications to enhance the adaptability of Islamic law in the digital era.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Artificial intelligence, ijtihad, Islamic law, maqasid shariah, maslahat.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703714e85\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a13703714e85-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Arip-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 11-23\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.331\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.331<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Ijtihad is a dynamic mechanism in Islamic law that provides solutions to contemporary problems not explicitly explained in The Quran and Hadith. Artificial intelligence (AI) \u2018s rapid advancement presents opportunities and challenges for contemporary ijtihad. This study aimed to explore the integration of AI in the ijtihad process through the maslahat mursalah approach. This study used a qualitative approach through literature study. Data sources were carefully selected to ensure the validity and relevance of the findings. In analyzing data, this study used qualitative content analysis techniques. The findings show that integrating AI in contemporary ijtihad offered great opportunities to support ulama in meeting the community\u2019s needs in the digital era. AI provided opportunities to increase efficiency, accessibility, and consistency in the ijtihad process. However, the application of this technology also posed challenges, such as the validity of data sources, contextual limitations, and conflict potential with the ulama authority. The study concluded that the successful implementation of AI required collaboration between ulama and technology experts, technology education in sharia studies, and strict ethical supervision. With a maslahat-based approach, AI can be an instrument that strengthens Islamic law while realizing sustainable benefits. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to bridging the gap between technological innovation and Islamic law, i.e., supporting the development of sharia-compliant AI applications to enhance the adaptability of Islamic law in the digital era.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Artificial intelligence, ijtihad, Islamic law, maqasid shariah, maslahat.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Arip-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fa5b1a elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5fa5b1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 3\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2f754e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a2f754e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-76bd0c8\" data-id=\"76bd0c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36fe489 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36fe489\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chung L\u00ea Khang\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81fb1d8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"81fb1d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3be53a5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3be53a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Applying the Delphi and AHP Methods to Develop Evaluation Criteria for Halal Tourism Destinations in Vietnam<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30d0afc elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"30d0afc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a137037172f6-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a137037172f6\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a137037172f6\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a137037172f6\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a137037172f6-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a137037172f6\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a137037172f6\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a137037172f6\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a137037172f6-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a137037172f6\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a137037172f6\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a137037172f6\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a137037172f6\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a137037172f6-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 24-36\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.332\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.332<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a137037172f6\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a137037172f6-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> In the context of Halal tourism emerging as a strategic global segment characterized by rapid growth and heightened demands for cultural and religious identity, the development of Muslim-friendly destinations has become increasingly imperative for many countries, including Vietnam. However, Vietnam currently lacks an ofAicial set of criteria to assess the Halal compatibility of destinations, posing challenges for destination management, marketing, and service quality improvement. This study proposes a framework of evaluation criteria for Halal tourism destinations in Vietnam, constructed through a mixed-method approach that integrates the three-round Delphi technique and the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The research results identify six main groups of criteria and 31 sub-criteria, each assigned speciAic weights to reAlect their relative importance in the destination selection behavior of Muslim travelers. The proposed framework aligns with Vietnam\u2019s current institutional, cultural, and infrastructural conditions and contributes to guiding destination governance towards inclusiveness, multiculturalism, and sustainable competitiveness in the international tourism market.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> AHP analysis, Delphi method, destination evaluation, halal tourism, Muslim-friendly criteria, Vietnam.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a137037172f6\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a137037172f6-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Chung-Le-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 24-36\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.332\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.332<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> In the context of Halal tourism emerging as a strategic global segment characterized by rapid growth and heightened demands for cultural and religious identity, the development of Muslim-friendly destinations has become increasingly imperative for many countries, including Vietnam. However, Vietnam currently lacks an ofAicial set of criteria to assess the Halal compatibility of destinations, posing challenges for destination management, marketing, and service quality improvement. This study proposes a framework of evaluation criteria for Halal tourism destinations in Vietnam, constructed through a mixed-method approach that integrates the three-round Delphi technique and the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The research results identify six main groups of criteria and 31 sub-criteria, each assigned speciAic weights to reAlect their relative importance in the destination selection behavior of Muslim travelers. The proposed framework aligns with Vietnam\u2019s current institutional, cultural, and infrastructural conditions and contributes to guiding destination governance towards inclusiveness, multiculturalism, and sustainable competitiveness in the international tourism market.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> AHP analysis, Delphi method, destination evaluation, halal tourism, Muslim-friendly criteria, Vietnam.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Chung-Le-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d137bb7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d137bb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 4\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-db57e0a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db57e0a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-362d42d\" data-id=\"362d42d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c38cbc9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c38cbc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hasse Jubba, Ade Yamin &amp; Irwan Abdullah<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8954764 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8954764\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6c5f9b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6c5f9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Between Islam and Custom: The Role of Pigs in Dani Muslim Weddings<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7d27ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"e7d27ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a137037193c7-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a137037193c7\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a137037193c7\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a137037193c7\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a137037193c7-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a137037193c7\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a137037193c7\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a137037193c7\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a137037193c7-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a137037193c7\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a137037193c7\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a137037193c7\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a137037193c7\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a137037193c7-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 37-51\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.333\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.333<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a137037193c7\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a137037193c7-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> In diverse Indonesia, the use of pigs as dowry in Dani Muslim marriages is a culturally significant practice; it serves as a powerful medium of confluence between Islam and local custom. Although pork consumption is considered haram in Islam, Dani Muslims still raise pigs and use them in various rituals. This article specifically discusses the cultural reasons for using pigs as dowry in Dani Muslim marriages. The data used for analyses were collected through ethnographic methods, including observations, interviews, and literature study. The study findings show that Dani Muslims use pigs as matrimonial dowry on account of three underlying reasons. First, a cultural reason in which pigs are considered an inseparable part of Dani culture and regarded to have close cultural ties with human beings, where they are even viewed as a sacred animal. Second, a political reason wherein pigs serve as power of identity that can be employed as a tool of intertribal diplomacy and conflict resolution. Third, an economic reason in which pigs hold a significant function for maintaining the tribe\u2019s daily life sustenance and as a tool of transactions, particularly for paying dowries. This article emphasizes that the use of pigs as dowry is a middle ground in the attempt at combining two practices: religious and customary. The resilience of Dani Muslims in preserving their custom of using pigs proved dilemmatic when they face conditions imposed by their professed religion, i.e., pigs are prohibited by Islam<em>.<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Local Tradition, Muslim Wedding, Pigs in Islam, Religion and Culture.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a137037193c7\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a137037193c7-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Hasse-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 37-51\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.333\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.333<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> In diverse Indonesia, the use of pigs as dowry in Dani Muslim marriages is a culturally significant practice; it serves as a powerful medium of confluence between Islam and local custom. Although pork consumption is considered haram in Islam, Dani Muslims still raise pigs and use them in various rituals. This article specifically discusses the cultural reasons for using pigs as dowry in Dani Muslim marriages. The data used for analyses were collected through ethnographic methods, including observations, interviews, and literature study. The study findings show that Dani Muslims use pigs as matrimonial dowry on account of three underlying reasons. First, a cultural reason in which pigs are considered an inseparable part of Dani culture and regarded to have close cultural ties with human beings, where they are even viewed as a sacred animal. Second, a political reason wherein pigs serve as power of identity that can be employed as a tool of intertribal diplomacy and conflict resolution. Third, an economic reason in which pigs hold a significant function for maintaining the tribe\u2019s daily life sustenance and as a tool of transactions, particularly for paying dowries. This article emphasizes that the use of pigs as dowry is a middle ground in the attempt at combining two practices: religious and customary. The resilience of Dani Muslims in preserving their custom of using pigs proved dilemmatic when they face conditions imposed by their professed religion, i.e., pigs are prohibited by Islam<em>.<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Local Tradition, Muslim Wedding, Pigs in Islam, Religion and Culture.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Hasse-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4783e33 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4783e33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 5\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-94b7430 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94b7430\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1349f23\" data-id=\"1349f23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62ce613 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"62ce613\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Husna Amin, Mursyid Djawas, Abidin Nurdin &amp; Rahmatul Akbar\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175555a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"175555a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77e0b1d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77e0b1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Environmental Paradigm Transformation through Integrative Interpretation: Perspective of Quranic Ecological Hermeneutics<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be9ec9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"be9ec9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a1370371b53f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a1370371b53f\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a1370371b53f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a1370371b53f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a1370371b53f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a1370371b53f\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a1370371b53f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a1370371b53f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a1370371b53f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a1370371b53f\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a1370371b53f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a1370371b53f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a1370371b53f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a1370371b53f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 52-63\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.334\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.334<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a1370371b53f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a1370371b53f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This article explores the potential of Quranic hermeneutics as a transformative framework in addressing the contemporary ecological crisis. Through an in-depth analysis of Qur\u2019anic verses related to the environment, this study reveals the Qurannot only as a normative text, but also as a comprehensive guide for sustainable environmental management. The study uses an integrative hermeneutics method, which combines textual, contextual, and empirical approaches, with a focus on its relevance in Indonesia as a case study. The findings show that Qur\u2019anic hermeneutics is able to build ethical, ecological, and spiritual paradigms that are relevant to addressing global environmental challenges, while offering practical steps towards socio-ecological transformation.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Environmental crisis, Islamic ecotheology, Quranic hermeneutics, socio ecological transformation, sustainable development.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a1370371b53f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a1370371b53f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Husna-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 52-63\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.334\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.334<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This article explores the potential of Quranic hermeneutics as a transformative framework in addressing the contemporary ecological crisis. Through an in-depth analysis of Qur\u2019anic verses related to the environment, this study reveals the Qurannot only as a normative text, but also as a comprehensive guide for sustainable environmental management. The study uses an integrative hermeneutics method, which combines textual, contextual, and empirical approaches, with a focus on its relevance in Indonesia as a case study. The findings show that Qur\u2019anic hermeneutics is able to build ethical, ecological, and spiritual paradigms that are relevant to addressing global environmental challenges, while offering practical steps towards socio-ecological transformation.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Environmental crisis, Islamic ecotheology, Quranic hermeneutics, socio ecological transformation, sustainable development.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Husna-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba85add elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ba85add\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 6\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-514ba93 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"514ba93\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4bc46c6\" data-id=\"4bc46c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4db8ef elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f4db8ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Md. Thowhidul Islam, K.M. Iftekharul Islam &amp; Anowara Akter<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0789d6c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0789d6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f46c8e9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f46c8e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iranian Theological Influence on Iraqi Politics: A Realist Interpretation<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a79e51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"5a79e51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a1370371d65b-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a1370371d65b\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a1370371d65b\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a1370371d65b\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a1370371d65b-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a1370371d65b\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a1370371d65b\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a1370371d65b\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a1370371d65b-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a1370371d65b\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a1370371d65b\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a1370371d65b\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a1370371d65b\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a1370371d65b-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 64-76\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.335\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.335<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a1370371d65b\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a1370371d65b-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study examines the intricate nexus between Iranian religious instrumentalization and Iraqi political dynamics in the post-2003 era. Employing a realist theoretical framework, the analysis investigates how Iran systematically exploits sectarian affiliations and ideological convergences to pursue its geopolitical objectives and project regional hegemony. The research delineates the mechanisms through which Iran exercises religious soft power and examines the consolidation of Shi\u2019a political ascendancy in post-Ba\u2019athist Iraq. Through systematic analysis of Iranian patronage networks and proxy organizations, this investigation evaluates the modalities of Iranian religious influence penetration within Iraqi political structures. While acknowledging the instrumental utility of religious discourse in contemporary statecraft, the study critically assesses the limitations inherent in realist analytical frameworks, particularly their tendency to marginalize grassroots mobilization and cross-cultural dynamics. The findings contribute to scholarly understanding of the multifaceted interplay between religious identity, political authority, and state behavior in the contemporary Middle Eastern context, as conceptualized through the lens of structural realism. This research offers empirical insights into the evolving patterns of transnational religious influence and its implications for regional security architecture.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: I<\/strong>raqi politics, Iranian foreign policy, Middle East security, Shi\u2019a networks, theological influence.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a1370371d65b\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a1370371d65b-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Md-Towhidul-Islam-IJIT-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 64-76\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.335\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.335<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study examines the intricate nexus between Iranian religious instrumentalization and Iraqi political dynamics in the post-2003 era. Employing a realist theoretical framework, the analysis investigates how Iran systematically exploits sectarian affiliations and ideological convergences to pursue its geopolitical objectives and project regional hegemony. The research delineates the mechanisms through which Iran exercises religious soft power and examines the consolidation of Shi\u2019a political ascendancy in post-Ba\u2019athist Iraq. Through systematic analysis of Iranian patronage networks and proxy organizations, this investigation evaluates the modalities of Iranian religious influence penetration within Iraqi political structures. While acknowledging the instrumental utility of religious discourse in contemporary statecraft, the study critically assesses the limitations inherent in realist analytical frameworks, particularly their tendency to marginalize grassroots mobilization and cross-cultural dynamics. The findings contribute to scholarly understanding of the multifaceted interplay between religious identity, political authority, and state behavior in the contemporary Middle Eastern context, as conceptualized through the lens of structural realism. This research offers empirical insights into the evolving patterns of transnational religious influence and its implications for regional security architecture.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: I<\/strong>raqi politics, Iranian foreign policy, Middle East security, Shi\u2019a networks, theological influence.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Md-Towhidul-Islam-IJIT-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1308bb3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1308bb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 7\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-256815b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"256815b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-629a52a\" data-id=\"629a52a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7be247c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7be247c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mohd Rosmizi Abd Rahman, Mohamed Mihlar Abdul Muthaliff, Roslizawati Mohd Ramly &amp; Abdul Rahim Zumrah\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e70e91 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0e70e91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bbb7c9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3bbb7c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Saint Augustine and al-Ghazali on Achieving Balance in the Observance of Good Works: Analyzing Their Inner Conditions<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-625b582 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"625b582\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a1370371f790-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a1370371f790\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a1370371f790\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a1370371f790\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a1370371f790-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a1370371f790\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a1370371f790\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a1370371f790\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a1370371f790-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a1370371f790\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a1370371f790\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a1370371f790\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a1370371f790\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a1370371f790-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 77-89\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.336<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a1370371f790\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a1370371f790-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study examines and compares the spiritual insights of Saint Augustine and Imam al-Ghazali in achieving balance between the physical and spiritual aspects of good works. They both analyse not only the normal outer conditions of good works, but also their inner aspects and revealing fundamental inner conditions that should be observed. Both Imam al-Ghazali and Saint Augustine maintain that good works consist of outer and inner dimensions or physical and spiritual realm. To realize the objective of any good work, therefore, these both aspects need to be observed simultaneously. This study is theoretical in nature, and it involves bibliographic research, employing descriptive and comparative analysis methods. This study found that despite coming from different religions, both of these great thinkers share a lot of common insights on the detailed items of inner conditions of good works and on the need to balance both dimensions. They believe that to achieve balance and real objective, believers should observe both physical and spiritual conditions of good works. Their insights are relevant and applicable to all individuals and societies, regardless of religion.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Faith, good work, inner condition, love, sincerity.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a1370371f790\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a1370371f790-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mohd-Rosmizi-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-25.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 77-89\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.336\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.336<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study examines and compares the spiritual insights of Saint Augustine and Imam al-Ghazali in achieving balance between the physical and spiritual aspects of good works. They both analyse not only the normal outer conditions of good works, but also their inner aspects and revealing fundamental inner conditions that should be observed. Both Imam al-Ghazali and Saint Augustine maintain that good works consist of outer and inner dimensions or physical and spiritual realm. To realize the objective of any good work, therefore, these both aspects need to be observed simultaneously. This study is theoretical in nature, and it involves bibliographic research, employing descriptive and comparative analysis methods. This study found that despite coming from different religions, both of these great thinkers share a lot of common insights on the detailed items of inner conditions of good works and on the need to balance both dimensions. They believe that to achieve balance and real objective, believers should observe both physical and spiritual conditions of good works. Their insights are relevant and applicable to all individuals and societies, regardless of religion.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Faith, good work, inner condition, love, sincerity.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mohd-Rosmizi-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-25.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a54d66 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a54d66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 8\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9023605 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9023605\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcfd278\" data-id=\"dcfd278\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cee5225 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cee5225\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u00fcfit Selim Saruhan<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8251036 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8251036\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e78e2c8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e78e2c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Intersections of Religion and Ethics: A Philosophical Analysis within Islamic Thought<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc3e22d elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"fc3e22d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703721767-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a13703721767\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a13703721767\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a13703721767\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703721767-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a13703721767\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a13703721767\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a13703721767\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703721767-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a13703721767\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a13703721767\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a13703721767\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703721767\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a13703721767-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 90-103\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.337<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703721767\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a13703721767-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the complex and multifaceted relationship between ethics and religion, offering a nuanced analysis of the various philosophical and theological views regarding their intersection and independence. It examines how religious doctrines, such as divine commandments, shape moral values like good and evil, justice, and virtue, while also considering perspectives that argue for the possibility of grounding moral principles outside of religious frameworks. The paper contrasts different schools of thought from both Western and Islamic traditions, including Kantian ethics, which emphasizes duty and the necessity of belief in God to uphold moral principles, as well as ethical theories that assert the sufficiency of reason, human nature, and social agreements for moral guidance. The Islamic view, represented by theological schools such as the Mu\u2019tazila, Ash\u2019ari, and Maturidi, presents a wide range of positions, from the belief in moral values existing independently of God\u2019s will to the assertion that morality is inherently tied to divine command. These perspectives are juxtaposed with Western philosophical traditions, including the moral autonomy argued by thinkers like Hobbes, Kant, and Hume, who contend that moral obligations can arise from human reason, societal contracts, or natural laws. Additionally, the paper delves into the role of religious belief in motivating ethical actions, examining arguments that suggest faith can inspire moral behavior by grounding it in a higher divine authority, while also considering critiques that question the necessity of religious belief for moral action. Through these discussions, the paper provides a comprehensive examination of the ethical frameworks proposed by both religious and non-religious traditions, highlighting their interplay and potential for mutual reinforcement or divergence.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Ethics, Islamic philosophy, morality, religion, value.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703721767\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a13703721767-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mufit-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 90-103\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.337\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.337<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the complex and multifaceted relationship between ethics and religion, offering a nuanced analysis of the various philosophical and theological views regarding their intersection and independence. It examines how religious doctrines, such as divine commandments, shape moral values like good and evil, justice, and virtue, while also considering perspectives that argue for the possibility of grounding moral principles outside of religious frameworks. The paper contrasts different schools of thought from both Western and Islamic traditions, including Kantian ethics, which emphasizes duty and the necessity of belief in God to uphold moral principles, as well as ethical theories that assert the sufficiency of reason, human nature, and social agreements for moral guidance. The Islamic view, represented by theological schools such as the Mu\u2019tazila, Ash\u2019ari, and Maturidi, presents a wide range of positions, from the belief in moral values existing independently of God\u2019s will to the assertion that morality is inherently tied to divine command. These perspectives are juxtaposed with Western philosophical traditions, including the moral autonomy argued by thinkers like Hobbes, Kant, and Hume, who contend that moral obligations can arise from human reason, societal contracts, or natural laws. Additionally, the paper delves into the role of religious belief in motivating ethical actions, examining arguments that suggest faith can inspire moral behavior by grounding it in a higher divine authority, while also considering critiques that question the necessity of religious belief for moral action. Through these discussions, the paper provides a comprehensive examination of the ethical frameworks proposed by both religious and non-religious traditions, highlighting their interplay and potential for mutual reinforcement or divergence.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Ethics, Islamic philosophy, morality, religion, value.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mufit-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32fdff5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"32fdff5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 9\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a7c044 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a7c044\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3c613b\" data-id=\"a3c613b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b4422d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b4422d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Muhamad Husni Hasbulah &amp; Mohd Sollehudin Shuib\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d9461 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97d9461\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77ae820 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77ae820\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Systematic Literature Reviews on Application of Cash Waqf in Islamic Finance<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afd8217 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"afd8217\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703723a2b-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a13703723a2b\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a13703723a2b\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a13703723a2b\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703723a2b-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a13703723a2b\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a13703723a2b\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a13703723a2b\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703723a2b-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a13703723a2b\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a13703723a2b\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a13703723a2b\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703723a2b\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a13703723a2b-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 104-120\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.338\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.338<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703723a2b\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a13703723a2b-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study aims to analyze the use of cash waqf in the current Islamic financial system. Various programs and projects currently utilized cash waqf as one of the instruments in developing the socio-economic of the community. Therefore, this study will examine the discussions in the literature to explore trends in cash waqf and its use in the current Islamic financial system. This systematic literature review focuses on journals that have been assessed and reviewed by experts in terms of quality and uses the data obtained from the SCOPUS and ECONBIZ from 2011 to 2024. The results of the study found that the use of cash waqf involves several aspects of the Islamic financial system. Among them are the use of cash waqf in financial products, financial institution operations and financial institution management. The use of cash waqf in financial products shows the integration of cash waqf with current financial products such as financial products based on financing, investment, and protection (takaful). In addition, there are also scholarly recommendations that endorse the use of cash waqf in the operational and management framework of financial institutions such as in the proposals for the establishment of cash-based waqf banks and proposals for modifications to the current framework for Islamic banking operations and management based on cash waqf. This study provides an overview of research trends in the use of cash waqf, especially in Islamic finance. The results is able to provide practical input for waqf institutions and Islamic financial institutions in encouraging innovation in socially oriented financial products.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Cash waqf, Islamic finance social finance, systematic literature review, waqf-based financial innovation.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703723a2b\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a13703723a2b-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Muhamad-Husni-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 104-120\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.338\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.338<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study aims to analyze the use of cash waqf in the current Islamic financial system. Various programs and projects currently utilized cash waqf as one of the instruments in developing the socio-economic of the community. Therefore, this study will examine the discussions in the literature to explore trends in cash waqf and its use in the current Islamic financial system. This systematic literature review focuses on journals that have been assessed and reviewed by experts in terms of quality and uses the data obtained from the SCOPUS and ECONBIZ from 2011 to 2024. The results of the study found that the use of cash waqf involves several aspects of the Islamic financial system. Among them are the use of cash waqf in financial products, financial institution operations and financial institution management. The use of cash waqf in financial products shows the integration of cash waqf with current financial products such as financial products based on financing, investment, and protection (takaful). In addition, there are also scholarly recommendations that endorse the use of cash waqf in the operational and management framework of financial institutions such as in the proposals for the establishment of cash-based waqf banks and proposals for modifications to the current framework for Islamic banking operations and management based on cash waqf. This study provides an overview of research trends in the use of cash waqf, especially in Islamic finance. The results is able to provide practical input for waqf institutions and Islamic financial institutions in encouraging innovation in socially oriented financial products.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Cash waqf, Islamic finance social finance, systematic literature review, waqf-based financial innovation.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Muhamad-Husni-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-368f711 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"368f711\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 10\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a80706c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a80706c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-972a1e5\" data-id=\"972a1e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d129746 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d129746\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Muhammathu Mubarak Shiyana &amp; Seyed Mohamed Mohamed Mazahir<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a92aa47 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a92aa47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a10a36 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a10a36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Concept of Love in Marriage: Integrating Sternberg\u2019s Theory with Quranic Teachings<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-760631f elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"760631f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703725a73-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a13703725a73\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a13703725a73\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a13703725a73\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703725a73-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a13703725a73\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a13703725a73\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a13703725a73\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703725a73-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a13703725a73\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a13703725a73\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a13703725a73\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703725a73\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a13703725a73-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 121-133\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.339\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.339<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703725a73\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a13703725a73-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Love is a universal phenomenon; its expression and significance can differ markedly across individuals. Thus, it is important to understand the real form of love. This qualitative study examines the connection between Sternberg\u2019s triangular theory of love and the Quranic framework for love by utilizing primary and secondary data sourced from various Islamic texts and psychological theories. The data have been analyzed through content analysis and comparative methods. According to the Triangular Theory of Love, love is described as a blend of three essential components: commitment, intimacy, and passion. It also distinguishes eight different types of love based on their basic components. Similarly, the Quranic teachings emphasize the importance of love in the building of a healthy and long-lasting marriage, and they describe affection between intimate partners as a manifestation of God\u2019s blessing. In particular, Sternberg observes that consummate love is the most extensive form of love, as it encompasses all three components and is frequently observed in healthy marital relationships. Islam promotes the pursuit of love through marriage, which it regards as the optimal framework for cultivating affection between intimate partners. Thus, love within marriage provides long-lasting spiritual and psychological benefits. The findings of the study provide new insights to understand love from both Quranic and psychological perspectives.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Al-Quran, intimate partner relationships, love, triangular theory.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703725a73\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a13703725a73-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Muhammathu-Mubarak-IJIT-vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 121-133\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.339\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.339<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Love is a universal phenomenon; its expression and significance can differ markedly across individuals. Thus, it is important to understand the real form of love. This qualitative study examines the connection between Sternberg\u2019s triangular theory of love and the Quranic framework for love by utilizing primary and secondary data sourced from various Islamic texts and psychological theories. The data have been analyzed through content analysis and comparative methods. According to the Triangular Theory of Love, love is described as a blend of three essential components: commitment, intimacy, and passion. It also distinguishes eight different types of love based on their basic components. Similarly, the Quranic teachings emphasize the importance of love in the building of a healthy and long-lasting marriage, and they describe affection between intimate partners as a manifestation of God\u2019s blessing. In particular, Sternberg observes that consummate love is the most extensive form of love, as it encompasses all three components and is frequently observed in healthy marital relationships. Islam promotes the pursuit of love through marriage, which it regards as the optimal framework for cultivating affection between intimate partners. Thus, love within marriage provides long-lasting spiritual and psychological benefits. The findings of the study provide new insights to understand love from both Quranic and psychological perspectives.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Al-Quran, intimate partner relationships, love, triangular theory.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Muhammathu-Mubarak-IJIT-vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2716192 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2716192\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 11\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e8bd55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e8bd55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f4695e3\" data-id=\"f4695e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28bb0c3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28bb0c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Murat Nassimov &amp; Botagoz Paridinova<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2893ce7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2893ce7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0343583 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0343583\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Role of Islamic Thought in the Formation and Development of Political Worldview<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d1d49d elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"6d1d49d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703727aa5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a13703727aa5\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a13703727aa5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a13703727aa5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703727aa5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a13703727aa5\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a13703727aa5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a13703727aa5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703727aa5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a13703727aa5\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a13703727aa5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a13703727aa5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703727aa5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a13703727aa5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 134-143\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.340\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.340<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703727aa5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a13703727aa5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This article examines the influence of Islamic thought on the development of political worldviews. The article recounts the evolution of classical principles from the fundamental works of Al-Farabi and Ibn Khaldun, whose writings gave early frameworks for moral leadership and empirical political analysis, to current research facing contemporary governance issues. Drawing on primary texts and extensive scholarly literature, the study first contextualizes the historical deliberations on governance, space, and authority in the Islamic tradition. It then explores how these foundational principles have been inherited and reinterpreted to orient current socio-political dynamics, and finally, it offers a comparative analysis with Western political thought in the era of globalization. The findings underscore that an understanding of classical Islamic political philosophy enriches contemporary debates on statecraft and facilitates a critical reassessment of dominant Western narratives. The study advocates for an integrated framework that bridges traditional insights with modern imperatives, thereby enhancing cross-cultural understanding and contributing to the discourse on global political reform.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Al-Farabi, globalization, governance, Ibn Khaldun, Islamic political thought.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703727aa5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a13703727aa5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Murat-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 134-143\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.340\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.340<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This article examines the influence of Islamic thought on the development of political worldviews. The article recounts the evolution of classical principles from the fundamental works of Al-Farabi and Ibn Khaldun, whose writings gave early frameworks for moral leadership and empirical political analysis, to current research facing contemporary governance issues. Drawing on primary texts and extensive scholarly literature, the study first contextualizes the historical deliberations on governance, space, and authority in the Islamic tradition. It then explores how these foundational principles have been inherited and reinterpreted to orient current socio-political dynamics, and finally, it offers a comparative analysis with Western political thought in the era of globalization. The findings underscore that an understanding of classical Islamic political philosophy enriches contemporary debates on statecraft and facilitates a critical reassessment of dominant Western narratives. The study advocates for an integrated framework that bridges traditional insights with modern imperatives, thereby enhancing cross-cultural understanding and contributing to the discourse on global political reform.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Al-Farabi, globalization, governance, Ibn Khaldun, Islamic political thought.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Murat-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba14226 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ba14226\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 12\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cc89ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cc89ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-270a5e8\" data-id=\"270a5e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ed0be8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9ed0be8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ramezan Mahdavi Azadboni\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0af4e3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c0af4e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf45f43 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf45f43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Consistency between Postmodern Epistemological Assumptions with Islamic Teachings<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb76d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"5cb76d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703729c7e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a13703729c7e\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a13703729c7e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a13703729c7e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703729c7e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a13703729c7e\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a13703729c7e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a13703729c7e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703729c7e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a13703729c7e\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a13703729c7e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a13703729c7e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703729c7e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a13703729c7e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 144-150\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.341\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.341<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703729c7e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a13703729c7e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> There is no doubt that the post-modern era is one of the periods in the history of thought in the Western world. The constituent elements of this era are diverse and one of the main components of this period is the approach taken towards knowledge. Since the adoption of any point of view about knowledge can have a direct impact on our view of religious knowledge, the following concern for religious epistemologists is significant: what is the position of religious beliefs in the post-modern era. The aim of the current research is to analyze and evaluate the above-mentioned issue. To do this, the author attempts to state briefly the epistemological assumptions of the postmortem era, and then trying to display that there is no conflict between the aforementioned assumptions and the fundamental religious teachings, emphasizing the teachings of Islam. In this regard, the author tries to present documents among Islamic teachings in order to derive this result, that is, to negate the incompatibility between the epistemological assumptions of the post-modern era and Islam.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Islamic teachings, knowledge, postmodern, reason.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703729c7e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a13703729c7e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ramezan-Mahdavi-IJIT-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 144-150\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.341\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.341<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> There is no doubt that the post-modern era is one of the periods in the history of thought in the Western world. The constituent elements of this era are diverse and one of the main components of this period is the approach taken towards knowledge. Since the adoption of any point of view about knowledge can have a direct impact on our view of religious knowledge, the following concern for religious epistemologists is significant: what is the position of religious beliefs in the post-modern era. The aim of the current research is to analyze and evaluate the above-mentioned issue. To do this, the author attempts to state briefly the epistemological assumptions of the postmortem era, and then trying to display that there is no conflict between the aforementioned assumptions and the fundamental religious teachings, emphasizing the teachings of Islam. In this regard, the author tries to present documents among Islamic teachings in order to derive this result, that is, to negate the incompatibility between the epistemological assumptions of the post-modern era and Islam.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Islamic teachings, knowledge, postmodern, reason.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ramezan-Mahdavi-IJIT-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8662343 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8662343\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 13\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-003d562 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"003d562\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-63b926b\" data-id=\"63b926b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cbb49c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cbb49c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Raudha Md Ramli, Abdul Ghafar Ismail, Mohd Syahmir Alias &amp; Nur Aida Athirah Sulaiman<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40388bc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"40388bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8b5cda elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8b5cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ibn Khaldun\u2019s Thoughts on Sustainable Development<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbcd322 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"cbcd322\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a1370372bff4-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a1370372bff4\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a1370372bff4\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a1370372bff4\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a1370372bff4-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a1370372bff4\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a1370372bff4\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a1370372bff4\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a1370372bff4-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a1370372bff4\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a1370372bff4\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a1370372bff4\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a1370372bff4\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a1370372bff4-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 0151-171\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2024.342\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2024.342<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a1370372bff4\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a1370372bff4-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The pursuit of sustainable development\u2014balancing economic prosperity with social equity and environmental stewardship\u2014has emerged as an imperative global paradigm in the 21st century. While often framed as a modern response to contemporary challenges, the intellectual foundations of sustainable development can be discerned in the works of earlier scholars across diverse civilisations. This paper examines the profound yet underexplored contributions of Ibn Khaldun. His magnum opus, Muqaddimah, presents a sophisticated analysis of civilisational dynamics that resonates remarkably with the current sustainability discourse. Through critical textual analysis, this study demonstrates how Ibn Khaldun\u2019s concept of `umran (civilisation\/prosperity) anticipated the three pillars of sustainable development: his theories of economic development (ma`ash), social cohesion (`asabiyyah), and environmental balance (bi\u2019ah) offer a comprehensive framework for understanding societal flourishing and decline. The paper argues that Ibn Khaldun\u2019s cyclical theory of civilisational development, rooted in his observations of North African and Mediterranean societies, provides valuable insights into the conditions necessary for long-term sustainability\u2014particularly his emphasis on just governance, intergenerational equity and the delicate equilibrium between urban development and ecological limits. This research enriches our historical understanding of sustainability concepts by bridging classical Islamic scholarship with contemporary sustainable development goals.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Economic development, Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah, sustainable development.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a1370372bff4\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a1370372bff4-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Raudha-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 0151-171\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2024.342\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2024.342<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The pursuit of sustainable development\u2014balancing economic prosperity with social equity and environmental stewardship\u2014has emerged as an imperative global paradigm in the 21st century. While often framed as a modern response to contemporary challenges, the intellectual foundations of sustainable development can be discerned in the works of earlier scholars across diverse civilisations. This paper examines the profound yet underexplored contributions of Ibn Khaldun. His magnum opus, Muqaddimah, presents a sophisticated analysis of civilisational dynamics that resonates remarkably with the current sustainability discourse. Through critical textual analysis, this study demonstrates how Ibn Khaldun\u2019s concept of `umran (civilisation\/prosperity) anticipated the three pillars of sustainable development: his theories of economic development (ma`ash), social cohesion (`asabiyyah), and environmental balance (bi\u2019ah) offer a comprehensive framework for understanding societal flourishing and decline. The paper argues that Ibn Khaldun\u2019s cyclical theory of civilisational development, rooted in his observations of North African and Mediterranean societies, provides valuable insights into the conditions necessary for long-term sustainability\u2014particularly his emphasis on just governance, intergenerational equity and the delicate equilibrium between urban development and ecological limits. This research enriches our historical understanding of sustainability concepts by bridging classical Islamic scholarship with contemporary sustainable development goals.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Economic development, Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah, sustainable development.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Raudha-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1056e4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1056e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 14\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a9a481 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a9a481\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc26c47\" data-id=\"cc26c47\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20e96c2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20e96c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Riad Salim Awad<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22608a2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22608a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-372777b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"372777b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doctrinal Pluralism and Its Impact on Shaping the Identity of the Islamic Judicial System\u00a0(132\u2013923 AH\/ 750\u20131517 AD)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f041aa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"f041aa4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a1370372e2f0-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a1370372e2f0\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a1370372e2f0\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a1370372e2f0\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a1370372e2f0-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a1370372e2f0\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a1370372e2f0\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a1370372e2f0\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a1370372e2f0-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a1370372e2f0\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a1370372e2f0\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a1370372e2f0\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a1370372e2f0\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a1370372e2f0-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 172-182\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.343\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.343<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a1370372e2f0\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a1370372e2f0-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study explores the historical evolution of sectarian influence on the Islamic judiciary in Egypt and the Levant during the Fatimid, Zengid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk periods. It highlights how political and religious authorities systematically manipulated the judiciary to align with ruling sectarian ideologies. Under the Fatimids, judges were required to conform strictly to the state\u2019s Ismaili doctrine, overriding their original schools of thought. Similarly, Sunni dynasties such as the Ayyubids, Zengids, and Mamluks centralized judicial authority under their preferred Sunni schools while offering limited space to other sects to maintain social harmony. A key strategy involved appointing judges from families loyal to the dominant sect, leading to hereditary control of legal institutions and reinforcing sectarian dominance. The study uses descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods to examine the structure and functioning of judicial systems under each regime, shedding light on how sectarianism shaped legal appointments, procedures, and public trust. It aims to raise awareness of the historical misuse of religious authority for political gain and to promote principles of sectarian pluralism and intellectual diversity. By tracing the repercussions of sectarianism on judicial integrity, the study calls for policies that uphold justice and equality across sectarian lines in contemporary society.<\/p><p>Keywords: Equality, Islamic judiciary, Islamic jurisprudence, separation of powers, Shafi&#8217;i.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a1370372e2f0\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a1370372e2f0-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Riad-Salim-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 172-182\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.343\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.343<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study explores the historical evolution of sectarian influence on the Islamic judiciary in Egypt and the Levant during the Fatimid, Zengid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk periods. It highlights how political and religious authorities systematically manipulated the judiciary to align with ruling sectarian ideologies. Under the Fatimids, judges were required to conform strictly to the state\u2019s Ismaili doctrine, overriding their original schools of thought. Similarly, Sunni dynasties such as the Ayyubids, Zengids, and Mamluks centralized judicial authority under their preferred Sunni schools while offering limited space to other sects to maintain social harmony. A key strategy involved appointing judges from families loyal to the dominant sect, leading to hereditary control of legal institutions and reinforcing sectarian dominance. The study uses descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods to examine the structure and functioning of judicial systems under each regime, shedding light on how sectarianism shaped legal appointments, procedures, and public trust. It aims to raise awareness of the historical misuse of religious authority for political gain and to promote principles of sectarian pluralism and intellectual diversity. By tracing the repercussions of sectarianism on judicial integrity, the study calls for policies that uphold justice and equality across sectarian lines in contemporary society.<\/p><p>Keywords: Equality, Islamic judiciary, Islamic jurisprudence, separation of powers, Shafi'i.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Riad-Salim-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f6c935 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5f6c935\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 15\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-460e53e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"460e53e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d56033\" data-id=\"1d56033\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60f4ac0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60f4ac0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sabiruddin Juli, Ahmad Wira, Adawiyah Ismail &amp; Muhammad Yunus<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6ab13b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a6ab13b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42040d9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42040d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Indonesian Women in the Media from Da`wah (Islamic Missionary) Perspectives<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56bfcd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"56bfcd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a137037303c6-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a137037303c6\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a137037303c6\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a137037303c6\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a137037303c6-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a137037303c6\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a137037303c6\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a137037303c6\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a137037303c6-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a137037303c6\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a137037303c6\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a137037303c6\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a137037303c6\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a137037303c6-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 183-192\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.344\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.344<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a137037303c6\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a137037303c6-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This article is about women in the media in Indonesia in general and Muslim women in particular from Islamic dakwah perspectives. Generally, the media images of women have strengthened their position as inferior beings. The media in general have portrayed the images of women as the objects in the world dominated by men in their advertisements, the soap opera, as well as the coverages by some journalists. The negative and inferior status and position of women in the media should be improved based on Islamic da`wah perspectives. Since Allah has created men and women to live on this world planet in peaceful conditions as demanded by Him. This article explores Islamic da`wah perspectives for Muslim women and non-Muslim women in Indonesian media. For Muslim women, they are to be portrayed and presented in the media by referring to some verses of the Holy Quran and based on the status and position of Muslim women in the Muslim early historical period.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Indonesian women, Islamic dakwah, media, Muslim women.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a137037303c6\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a137037303c6-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sabiruddin-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 183-192\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.344\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.344<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This article is about women in the media in Indonesia in general and Muslim women in particular from Islamic dakwah perspectives. Generally, the media images of women have strengthened their position as inferior beings. The media in general have portrayed the images of women as the objects in the world dominated by men in their advertisements, the soap opera, as well as the coverages by some journalists. The negative and inferior status and position of women in the media should be improved based on Islamic da`wah perspectives. Since Allah has created men and women to live on this world planet in peaceful conditions as demanded by Him. This article explores Islamic da`wah perspectives for Muslim women and non-Muslim women in Indonesian media. For Muslim women, they are to be portrayed and presented in the media by referring to some verses of the Holy Quran and based on the status and position of Muslim women in the Muslim early historical period.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Indonesian women, Islamic dakwah, media, Muslim women.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sabiruddin-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-039d8d9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"039d8d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 16\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a465a98 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a465a98\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0488ddf\" data-id=\"0488ddf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4d9a7b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d4d9a7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Walid Reda Ali, Dina Helmy Shalaby &amp; Hoda Soliman Mohamed\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bba3af6 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bba3af6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fab5550 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fab5550\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Islamic Perspectives on Trans-species Zoochosis: Reflections in Bear Boy Autobiography<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c039ca3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"c039ca3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703732b12-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a13703732b12\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a13703732b12\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a13703732b12\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703732b12-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a13703732b12\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a13703732b12\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a13703732b12\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703732b12-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a13703732b12\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a13703732b12\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a13703732b12\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703732b12\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a13703732b12-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 193-202\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.345\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.345<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703732b12\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a13703732b12-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The Quran and Hadith consider the purpose of the creation of nonhuman animals to guarantee humanity the enjoyment of life on earth, they are described as full individuals with full rights, enjoying a sense of similarity to humans and sometimes having abilities that exceed and surpass humans` capabilities. The current paper discusses the Islamic origin of trans- species zoochosis in Bear Boy, an autobiography by Justin Barker. This paper also aims to illustrate how Islam has influenced modern science and psychology. In particular, it aims to establish a link between Islam and trans-species psychology, a psychological theory innovated by the American psychologist and ecologist Gay Bradshaw. In addition, this paper elucidates that trans- species psychology retells and confirms what Islam has mentioned long time ago. Plainly, this paper states that there is a psychological similarity between humans and animals. Trans- species psychology has proven that animals, like humans, can suffer from trauma, stress and zoochosis. Clearly, Justin Barker was influenced by Islam which copes with trans-species psychology zoochosis. Barker portrays zoochosis as a psychological disorder that inflicts animals and humans. His vision of human animal similarity is already treated in surah al An`am of the Holy al-Quran.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Bear Boy, Islamic perspectives, psychology, trans-species zoochoises.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703732b12\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a13703732b12-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Walid-IJIT-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 193-202\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.345\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.345<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The Quran and Hadith consider the purpose of the creation of nonhuman animals to guarantee humanity the enjoyment of life on earth, they are described as full individuals with full rights, enjoying a sense of similarity to humans and sometimes having abilities that exceed and surpass humans` capabilities. The current paper discusses the Islamic origin of trans- species zoochosis in Bear Boy, an autobiography by Justin Barker. This paper also aims to illustrate how Islam has influenced modern science and psychology. In particular, it aims to establish a link between Islam and trans-species psychology, a psychological theory innovated by the American psychologist and ecologist Gay Bradshaw. In addition, this paper elucidates that trans- species psychology retells and confirms what Islam has mentioned long time ago. Plainly, this paper states that there is a psychological similarity between humans and animals. Trans- species psychology has proven that animals, like humans, can suffer from trauma, stress and zoochosis. Clearly, Justin Barker was influenced by Islam which copes with trans-species psychology zoochosis. Barker portrays zoochosis as a psychological disorder that inflicts animals and humans. His vision of human animal similarity is already treated in surah al An`am of the Holy al-Quran.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Bear Boy, Islamic perspectives, psychology, trans-species zoochoises.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Walid-IJIT-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36ee107 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"36ee107\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 17\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c55117 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c55117\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e174296\" data-id=\"e174296\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef102ac elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef102ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ye Xinyu &amp; Pabiyah Hajimaming<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a15918b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a15918b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b401a8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b401a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trauma among Palestinian Women: Coping with Shuhada&#8217; in Their Struggle for Resistance in Kanafani&#8217;s Work<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f2a608 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"5f2a608\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703735db5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a13703735db5\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a13703735db5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a13703735db5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703735db5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a13703735db5\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a13703735db5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a13703735db5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703735db5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a13703735db5\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a13703735db5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a13703735db5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a13703735db5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a13703735db5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 203-211\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.346<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a13703735db5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a13703735db5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The study examines the impact of trauma on Palestinian women following the Nakba disaster, employing Kanafani\u2019s literary work Umm Saad to clarify the many psychological, social, and cultural challenges faced by Palestinian female refugees. The study illustrates how the protagonist\u2019s tenacity in the arduous setting of a refugee camp exhibits remarkable endurance in the face of adversity, displacement, and degradation of dignity. Employing Alexander\u2019s cultural trauma theory, this analysis of the character Umm Saad explores Palestinian mothers\u2019 responses to martyrdom shuhada\u2019, emphasising the interplay of religious, cultural, and social imperatives that impose unique constraints on maternal mourning, while simultaneously reinforcing their role as symbols of national resilience. Kanafani\u2019s oeuvre functions as both a literary homage to and a critique of the enduring cultural pain of the Nakba, illustrating Palestinian women\u2019s narratives as manifestations of political resistance that underscore the importance of motherhood in Palestinian identity. The Eindings highlight the importance of recognising these Palestinian women\u2019s resilience and reinterpreting cultural and political myths of sacriEice, emphasising the signiEicant maternal strength amid systemic oppression and exile.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Culture trauma, Kanafani, Nakba, resistance literature, Shuhada&#8217;<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a13703735db5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a13703735db5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ye-Xinyu-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 203-211\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.346\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.346<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The study examines the impact of trauma on Palestinian women following the Nakba disaster, employing Kanafani\u2019s literary work Umm Saad to clarify the many psychological, social, and cultural challenges faced by Palestinian female refugees. The study illustrates how the protagonist\u2019s tenacity in the arduous setting of a refugee camp exhibits remarkable endurance in the face of adversity, displacement, and degradation of dignity. Employing Alexander\u2019s cultural trauma theory, this analysis of the character Umm Saad explores Palestinian mothers\u2019 responses to martyrdom shuhada\u2019, emphasising the interplay of religious, cultural, and social imperatives that impose unique constraints on maternal mourning, while simultaneously reinforcing their role as symbols of national resilience. Kanafani\u2019s oeuvre functions as both a literary homage to and a critique of the enduring cultural pain of the Nakba, illustrating Palestinian women\u2019s narratives as manifestations of political resistance that underscore the importance of motherhood in Palestinian identity. The Eindings highlight the importance of recognising these Palestinian women\u2019s resilience and reinterpreting cultural and political myths of sacriEice, emphasising the signiEicant maternal strength amid systemic oppression and exile.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Culture trauma, Kanafani, Nakba, resistance literature, Shuhada'<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ye-Xinyu-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e93b5f elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9e93b5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 18\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5e4981 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5e4981\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-15632c6\" data-id=\"15632c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fd5886 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fd5886\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ahmad Sunawari Long<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58ee48b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"58ee48b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b64260 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b64260\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Memoriam of Professor Khurshid Ahmad<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4c87c elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"1a4c87c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a137037393ee-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a137037393ee\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a137037393ee\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a137037393ee\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a137037393ee-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a137037393ee\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a137037393ee\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a137037393ee\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a137037393ee\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a137037393ee-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 212-213\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.347<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a137037393ee\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a137037393ee-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/YZ-In-Memoriam-of-Professor-Kurshid-Ahmad.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script 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elementor-element elementor-element-621bd03\" data-id=\"621bd03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ff833b elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ff833b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cover of the Issue<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f31cfd7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f31cfd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1-Cover-IJIT-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"210\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IJIT-28-DEC-2025.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3865\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2031558 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2031558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol. 28, December 2025<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a484337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"a484337\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3484\" class=\"elementor elementor-3484\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b17f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b17f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a7a431\" data-id=\"8a7a431\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fc35cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5fc35cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db4918f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db4918f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cac3135\" data-id=\"cac3135\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f95eafd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f95eafd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Editor in Chief<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ffb59b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ffb59b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62d0722\" data-id=\"62d0722\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f8e80c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f8e80c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Professor Dr. Ahmad\u00a0Sunawari Long<br \/><\/strong><a href=\"mailto:ijit@ukm.edu.my\">ijit@ukm.edu.my<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a45509 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a45509\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b810b7d\" data-id=\"b810b7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d58a77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d58a77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Member of<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d5f99aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d5f99aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ee41e2\" data-id=\"0ee41e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77b2db5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77b2db5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-767\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"156\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 156px) 100vw, 156px\" \/><br \/>COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ebc62b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ebc62b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a5ca8f\" data-id=\"2a5ca8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cc0088 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0cc0088\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">IJIT in Brief<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d916be3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d916be3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b218be\" data-id=\"3b218be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8935e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8935e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An international scholarly journal on Islamic thought and contemporary Muslim issues.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce47e5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ce47e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e733652 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e733652\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Indexed in Scopus and Web of Science\u2013ESCI.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9e4411 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e9e4411\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd93740 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd93740\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fully open access with global readership.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8c19b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d8c19b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8e46c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8e46c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Published twice a year (June and December).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-288f930 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"288f930\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a7c6b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a7c6b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>All submissions undergo double-blind peer review.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e10526 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7e10526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64ea624 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64ea624\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Accepts English manuscripts only.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63c8c6d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"63c8c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9d86a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9d86a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Requires IMRaD writing structure.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4043b1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a4043b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f351dce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f351dce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uses APA citation and formatting style.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1bba40 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1bba40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d5e4fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d5e4fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Committed to COPE\u2019s ethical publishing standards.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cffd4bc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cffd4bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0db50da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0db50da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Published by the National University of Malaysia (UKM) in partnership with Wisdom Academia Venture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ffad423 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ffad423\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b567bf\" data-id=\"7b567bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4c5058 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4c5058\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a title=\"SCImago Journal &amp; Country Rank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journalsearch.php?q=21100944566&amp;tip=sid&amp;exact=no&amp;__ncforminfo=HsnvEFAkbPJB7V37HbPRKNthCovtX72tIkTgxSNMRCqWxSEyCG_jzHpjwAfdMXnJEkmzpDG3A3Ww_bcZlAv1GUQ7I-cRJNjX2t8CbQTzOKE=&#038;__ncforminfo=QelFgbU4fe4qjxFmuVVtDvQW3tcxZwxEJu_4XTfiOwUaE21mEYc_gYtSNiQDvk0xu4dx-yNCrhY2_lLYgH3KjcBkWi4im0ZUifLzUpd3uzTXQKXHFTaHNA==\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journal_img.php?id=21100944566&amp;__ncforminfo=HsnvEFAkbPJB7V37HbPRKNthCovtX72tsYwxzKTt_e4way9NBpWEIYfWX5COJeZxQxrwkfsYKOLhkNBZ_DRjcQ==&#038;__ncforminfo=QelFgbU4fe4qjxFmuVVtDvQW3tcxZwxERLzeB-mr1Y_zAZjBk8tJ0YT0WHbvp4UCFOFNIxWDwYvHbVdOWXlsUASrpjvUO6Gm\" alt=\"SCImago Journal &amp; Country Rank\" width=\"204\" height=\"204\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a3a9a18 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a3a9a18\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38e3c1eb\" data-id=\"38e3c1eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dfdcab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"3dfdcab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1053\" class=\"elementor elementor-1053\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70e7948 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70e7948\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b5bfd7\" data-id=\"1b5bfd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1892abb elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1892abb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tIndexed &amp; Abstracted by\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2f9c55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2f9c55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b0c891\" data-id=\"0b0c891\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-524dd0b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"524dd0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/sourceid\/21100944566\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-SCOPUS.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4655\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-06f2476\" data-id=\"06f2476\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42dc02d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"42dc02d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mjl.clarivate.com:\/\/search-results?issn=2232-1314&#038;hide_exact_match_fl=true&#038;utm_source=mjl&#038;utm_medium=share-by-link&#038;utm_campaign=search-results-share-this-journal\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-ESCI.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4656\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-704378b\" data-id=\"704378b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74d22d8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"74d22d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mysitasi.mohe.gov.my\/portal\/#\/journal-details\/df6ba5db-5f76-11ef-a699-005056a6a970\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-MYSITASI.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4657\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3759a57\" data-id=\"3759a57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43be471 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"43be471\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/toc\/2232-1314\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-DOAJ.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4661\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d63a879\" data-id=\"d63a879\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa59b1a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aa59b1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?from_ui=yes&#038;q=2232-1314\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c01670\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb7aa49\" data-id=\"cb7aa49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35ca6e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35ca6e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/88x31.png\" width=\"88\" height=\"31\">International Journal of Islamic Thought&nbsp;by Wisdom Academia Venture&nbsp;is licensed under a&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/deed.en_US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License<\/a> based on a work at&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/archieves\/\">International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/a> permissions beyond the scope of this license is available at&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/copyright\/\">COPYRIGHT<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ed2aa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ed2aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easycounter.com\/counter.php?ijitukm&#038;__ncforminfo=UFBBnh2iQt1z85PE6YuniOjJkuG7UP239YaabcmOcuoZTQlL5ZLo3ckfBmIOXYpWq7Ejkp7JN8vk7ZIFqX3yCA==&#038;__ncforminfo=pax0TaxNQSEzaHXTDxBT9Jd8A_EJNHxRnTRn6nNTL82-biGy4jiEUk35MksuZhov4QCMNcmeWt4Ej2EFzG63CnmeEoJuhlel&#038;__ncforminfo=mCQMoR_z7TLwu4_GhLFu_PHeUJTqtl9nSG5ftRafTNsckO8On0DBsxvevcbjCby1IKfQV4jPRF-eQaL_Z1d8FvY6ZrzPqinc7TNSs8T3_7g=\" alt=\"Website Hit Counter\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">visitors\u00a0since 01 June 2012<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2715f0\" data-id=\"b2715f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4661ce2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4661ce2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Published by<\/i><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY<\/strong><br \/>Faculty of Islamic Studies<br \/>Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia<br \/>(the National University of Malaysia)<br \/>43600 Bangi, Selangor<br \/>MALAYSIA<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>and<\/i><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>WISDOM ACADEMIA VENTURE<br \/><\/strong>Kuala Lumpur<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cfbc153 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cfbc153\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-845b408\" data-id=\"845b408\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dda9bfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-copyright\" data-id=\"dda9bfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"copyright.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-copyright-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Copyright \u00a9 2026 IJIT - U K M <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction The INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT (IJIT) is an internationally refereed online journal (e-ISSN 2289-6023) and printed journal (ISSN 2232-1314). IJIT is jointly published<a class=\"ut-readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/\"> &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4020","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4020"}],"version-history":[{"count":61,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4936,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4020\/revisions\/4936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}