{"id":4020,"date":"2025-11-30T16:04:18","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T16:04:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/?page_id=4020"},"modified":"2026-01-08T03:07:41","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T03:07:41","slug":"vol-28-dec-2025","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 28 &#8211; Dec 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4020\" class=\"elementor elementor-4020\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c3e443e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c3e443e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3403b5fb\" data-id=\"3403b5fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-220fcc67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"220fcc67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1048\" class=\"elementor elementor-1048\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c56d40c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c56d40c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc4eeb4\" data-id=\"fc4eeb4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee343f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-header-info\" data-id=\"ee343f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-header-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <ul class=\"ekit-header-info\">\n                                    <li>\n                            <a > \n                                                                IJIT | International Journal of Islamic Thought                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b2af36\" data-id=\"8b2af36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c12e66 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-header-info\" data-id=\"8c12e66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-header-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <ul class=\"ekit-header-info\">\n                                    <li>\n                            <a > \n                                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-phone\"><\/i>                                +603 8921 5503                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                                            <li>\n                            <a > \n                                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-email\"><\/i>                                ijit@ukm.edu.my                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43ed288 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43ed288\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-985747c\" data-id=\"985747c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-739421e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"739421e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"69\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3843\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0.png 860w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb12cce\" data-id=\"bb12cce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e184bd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e184bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1024x178.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3276\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1024x178.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-768x133.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1536x267.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT.png 1646w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b15c1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b15c1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c694a6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c694a6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">e-ISSN 2289-6023 |\u00a0\u00a0ISSN 2232-1314<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a7915a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a7915a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9595fb\" data-id=\"d9595fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc5ccd4 hfe-nav-menu__align-left hfe-submenu-icon-arrow hfe-submenu-animation-none hfe-link-redirect-child hfe-nav-menu__breakpoint-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-navigation-menu\" data-id=\"dc5ccd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:14,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:5,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:false},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:8,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:7,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:11,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;width_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;220&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"navigation-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__none\" data-layout=\"horizontal\">\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"button\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\"  class=\"fas fa-align-justify\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow\" data-toggle-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-align-justify&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-close-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;far fa-window-close&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-full-width=\"yes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-dc5ccd4\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-6\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-481\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a class = \"hfe-menu-item\">About<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-18\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/editorial-board\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Editorial Board<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-19\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/international-advisory-board\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">International Advisory Board<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4083\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ijit-scope\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Aim and Scope<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-20\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Submission<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4084\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ijit-publication-of-article-types\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Publication of Article Types<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-21\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/guidelines\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Template &#038; Guidelines<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-22\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/fees\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Fees<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4085\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ijit-timeline\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Timeline<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-23\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/agreement-and-declaration\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Agreement &#038; Declarartion Form<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4086\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ijit-disclaimer\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Disclaimer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-26\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ethics-statement\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Ethics Statement<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-27\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/article-reviewer-form\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Reviewer Form<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2688\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/archives\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Archives<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/indexing\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Indexing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d055cb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d055cb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42a437e\" data-id=\"42a437e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8c272da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8c272da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2d7005\" data-id=\"b2d7005\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e62555 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e62555\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09fdb40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"09fdb40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\"><div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><h5><strong>INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/h5><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1370400 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1370400\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><br \/>The<strong> INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT (IJIT)<\/strong> is an internationally refereed online journal (e-ISSN 2289-6023) and printed journal (ISSN 2232-1314). IJIT is jointly published by the Department of Theology and Philosophy; the Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), and; Wisdom Academia Venture. The credibility and achievements of IJIT have qualified it to be indexed by Scopus and the Web of Science (ESCI). The international perspective of IJIT reflected by its international authors, international editors, international reviewers, international member of advisory board, and international access. IJIT is an Open Access Journal that users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles. IJIT supports Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing. Founded in 2012, IJIT published in June and December annually. It is open to authors around the world regardless of the nationality. All published articles are assigned DOI (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035) provided by Crossref. IJIT is a member of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), a leading organization that provides guidelines, resources and support for editors, publishers and researchers to ensure integrity in academic writing and publishing. The International Journal of Islamic Thought (IJIT) has been honoured with the Malaysia Scopus Research Star Award 2024 by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia, in recognition of its outstanding global reputation, scholarly excellence, and impactful research achievements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d92de33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d92de33\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71bc7b1\" data-id=\"71bc7b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09fdb40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"09fdb40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>CURRENT ISSUE<br \/>Vol. 28, December 2025<\/strong><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eec10b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eec10b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/A-Preliminary-IJIT-28-DEC-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Preliminary<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f53f3b1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f53f3b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d43764 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d43764\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-29af600\" data-id=\"29af600\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43a084a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43a084a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Model of Medicine: A Revival of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) Legacy<\/strong><br \/><em>Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Mohammed Zabidi, Rozainah Abdul Wahab &amp; Wan Qashishah Akmal Wan Razali\u00a0<br \/><\/em>Keywords: Biopsychosocial-spiritual, Ibn Sina\u2019s medicine, integrative healthcare, modern medicine.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-12f9042 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"12f9042\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5fc015f\" data-id=\"5fc015f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc4001b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc4001b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ahmad-Fakhrurazzi-IJIT-Vol-28-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.330<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e86be49 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e86be49\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e525963\" data-id=\"e525963\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b331661 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b331661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 1-10<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77aa81d elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"77aa81d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-77aa81d\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-77aa81d\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Model of Medicine: A Revival of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) Legacy<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Mohammed Zabidi, Rozainah Abdul Wahab &amp; Wan Qashishah Akmal Wan Razali<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Contemporary medicine often overlooks the spiritual dimension of health and the critical role of preventive care, which are fundamental aspects of Ibn Sina\u2019s teachings. This paper explores the striking parallels between Ibn Sina\u2019s integrative medical principles and the biopsychosocial-spiritual (BPS-S) model, demonstrating how his insights remain relevant in addressing contemporary health challenges. The emergence of the BPS-S model as a holistic healthcare framework has paved the way for reintegrating Ibn Sina\u2019s legacy into contemporary medicine. By incorporating spiritual well-being into mainstream healthcare, this approach offers a more balanced and patient-centered paradigm. Furthermore, the findings support the adoption of \u201cIbn Sina\u2019s Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Balance\u201d as a guiding framework for healthcare, particularly in Malaysia, where holistic healing traditions remain influential. His philosophy aligns with this model by advocating for a multidimensional perspective on health, recognizing the interplay between biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors in disease prevention and treatment. This model can enhance medical education and improve well-being by integrating Ibn Sina\u2019s wisdom with modern advancements, redefining the future of healthcare.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67516bb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67516bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ahmad-Fakhrurazzi-IJIT-Vol-28-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e0b29e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9e0b29e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-38b418d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"38b418d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d184f2\" data-id=\"7d184f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79e4187 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79e4187\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Contemporary Ijtihad Process in Digital Era: Opportunities and Challenges from Maslahat Perspective<\/strong><br \/><em>Arip Purkon, Khodijah Hulliyah &amp; Mara Sutan Rambe\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Keywords: Artificial intelligence, ijtihad, Islamic law, maqasid shariah, maslahat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-199dabb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"199dabb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-07f0b6f\" data-id=\"07f0b6f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-190a2c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"190a2c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Arip-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.331<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f82aad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4f82aad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2071e2a\" data-id=\"2071e2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db07f37 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db07f37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 11-23<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d2ff1f elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"9d2ff1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-9d2ff1f\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-9d2ff1f\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Contemporary Ijtihad Process in Digital Era: Opportunities and Challenges from Maslahat Perspective<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br \/><em>Arip Purkon, Khodijah Hulliyah &amp; Mara Sutan Rambe<\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><br \/>Ijtihad is a dynamic mechanism in Islamic law that provides solutions to contemporary problems not explicitly explained in The Quran and Hadith. Artificial intelligence (AI) &#8216;s rapid advancement presents opportunities and challenges for contemporary ijtihad. This study aimed to explore the integration of AI in the ijtihad process through the maslahat mursalah approach. This study used a qualitative approach through literature study. Data sources were carefully selected to ensure the validity and relevance of the findings. In analyzing data, this study used qualitative content analysis techniques. The findings show that integrating AI in contemporary ijtihad offered great opportunities to support ulama in meeting the community&#8217;s needs in the digital era. AI provided opportunities to increase efficiency, accessibility, and consistency in the ijtihad process. However, the application of this technology also posed challenges, such as the validity of data sources, contextual limitations, and conflict potential with the ulama authority. The study concluded that the successful implementation of AI required collaboration between ulama and technology experts, technology education in sharia studies, and strict ethical supervision. With a maslahat-based approach, AI can be an instrument that strengthens Islamic law while realizing sustainable benefits. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to bridging the gap between technological innovation and Islamic law, i.e., supporting the development of sharia-compliant AI applications to enhance the adaptability of Islamic law in the digital era.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fb1ec1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fb1ec1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Arip-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-856f6eb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"856f6eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2f754e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a2f754e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-76bd0c8\" data-id=\"76bd0c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80479aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"80479aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Applying the Delphi and AHP Methods to Develop Evaluation Criteria for Halal Tourism Destinations in Vietnam<\/strong><br \/><em>Chung L\u00ea Khang\u00a0<br \/><\/em>Keywords: AHP analysis, Delphi method, destination evaluation, halal tourism, Muslim-friendly criteria, Vietnam.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-be0ee07 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"be0ee07\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-24d9f9d\" data-id=\"24d9f9d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6c136f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6c136f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Chung-Le-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.332<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa4861d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa4861d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c07283e\" data-id=\"c07283e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8fb993 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8fb993\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 24-36<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86b7522 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"86b7522\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-86b7522\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-86b7522\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Applying the Delphi and AHP Methods to Develop Evaluation Criteria for Halal Tourism Destinations in Vietnam<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Chung L\u00ea Khang\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In the context of Halal tourism emerging as a strategic global segment characterized by rapid growth and heightened demands for cultural and religious identity, the development of Muslim-friendly destinations has become increasingly imperative for many countries, including Vietnam. However, Vietnam currently lacks an ofAicial set of criteria to assess the Halal compatibility of destinations, posing challenges for destination management, marketing, and service quality improvement. This study proposes a framework of evaluation criteria for Halal tourism destinations in Vietnam, constructed through a mixed-method approach that integrates the three-round Delphi technique and the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The research results identify six main groups of criteria and 31 sub-criteria, each assigned speciAic weights to reAlect their relative importance in the destination selection behavior of Muslim travelers. The proposed framework aligns with Vietnam\u2019s current institutional, cultural, and infrastructural conditions and contributes to guiding destination governance towards inclusiveness, multiculturalism, and sustainable competitiveness in the international tourism market.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7044370 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7044370\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Chung-Le-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da49768 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"da49768\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-db57e0a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db57e0a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-362d42d\" data-id=\"362d42d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79154f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79154f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Between Islam and Custom: The Role of Pigs in Dani Muslim Weddings<\/strong><br \/><em>Hasse Jubba, Ade Yamin &amp; Irwan Abdullah<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Local Tradition, Muslim Wedding, Pigs in Islam, Religion and Culture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9818b2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9818b2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e29254b\" data-id=\"e29254b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53103a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53103a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Hasse-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.333<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d4639e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d4639e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-be09744\" data-id=\"be09744\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0bd1a6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0bd1a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 37-51<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d04f4e elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"0d04f4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-0d04f4e\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-0d04f4e\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Between Islam and Custom: The Role of Pigs in Dani Muslim Weddings<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br \/><em>Hasse Jubba, Ade Yamin &amp; Irwan Abdullah<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In diverse Indonesia, the use of pigs as dowry in Dani Muslim marriages is a culturally significant practice; it serves as a powerful medium of confluence between Islam and local custom. Although pork consumption is considered haram in Islam, Dani Muslims still raise pigs and use them in various rituals. This article specifically discusses the cultural reasons for using pigs as dowry in Dani Muslim marriages. The data used for analyses were collected through ethnographic methods, including observations, interviews, and literature study. The study findings show that Dani Muslims use pigs as matrimonial dowry on account of three underlying reasons. First, a cultural reason in which pigs are considered an inseparable part of Dani culture and regarded to have close cultural ties with human beings, where they are even viewed as a sacred animal. Second, a political reason wherein pigs serve as power of identity that can be employed as a tool of intertribal diplomacy and conflict resolution. Third, an economic reason in which pigs hold a significant function for maintaining the tribe\u2019s daily life sustenance and as a tool of transactions, particularly for paying dowries. This article emphasizes that the use of pigs as dowry is a middle ground in the attempt at combining two practices: religious and customary. The resilience of Dani Muslims in preserving their custom of using pigs proved dilemmatic when they face conditions imposed by their professed religion, i.e., pigs are prohibited by Islam<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8eae34b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8eae34b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Hasse-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e30db9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1e30db9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-94b7430 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94b7430\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1349f23\" data-id=\"1349f23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a624864 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a624864\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Environmental Paradigm Transformation through Integrative Interpretation: Perspective of Quranic Ecological Hermeneutics<\/strong><br \/><em>Husna Amin, Mursyid Djawas, Abidin Nurdin &amp; Rahmatul Akbar\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Environmental crisis, Islamic ecotheology, Quranic hermeneutics, socio ecological transformation, sustainable development.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-998f8cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"998f8cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e26623f\" data-id=\"e26623f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc8b138 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc8b138\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Husna-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.334<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a323b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a323b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3fb75e0\" data-id=\"3fb75e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc8665c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc8665c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 52-63<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cacdfb6 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"cacdfb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-cacdfb6\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-cacdfb6\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Environmental Paradigm Transformation through Integrative Interpretation: Perspective of Quranic Ecological Hermeneutics<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br \/><em>Husna Amin, Mursyid Djawas, Abidin Nurdin &amp; Rahmatul Akbar\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>This article explores the potential of Quranic hermeneutics as a transformative framework in addressing the contemporary ecological crisis. Through an in-depth analysis of Qur&#8217;anic verses related to the environment, this study reveals the Qurannot only as a normative text, but also as a comprehensive guide for sustainable environmental management. The study uses an integrative hermeneutics method, which combines textual, contextual, and empirical approaches, with a focus on its relevance in Indonesia as a case study. The findings show that Qur&#8217;anic hermeneutics is able to build ethical, ecological, and spiritual paradigms that are relevant to addressing global environmental challenges, while offering practical steps towards socio-ecological transformation.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56a36df elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"56a36df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Husna-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df9b2b8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"df9b2b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-514ba93 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"514ba93\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4bc46c6\" data-id=\"4bc46c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b605df5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b605df5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Iranian Theological Influence on Iraqi Politics: A Realist Interpretation<\/strong><br \/><em>Md. Thowhidul Islam, K.M. Iftekharul Islam &amp; Anowara Akter<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Iraqi politics, Iranian foreign policy, Middle East security, Shi\u2019a networks, theological influence.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8232e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8232e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e3e5f4d\" data-id=\"e3e5f4d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce07758 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce07758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Md-Towhidul-Islam-IJIT-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.335<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a75093c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a75093c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d285b3\" data-id=\"2d285b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4ed562 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d4ed562\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 64-76<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d1d053 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"9d1d053\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-9d1d053\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-9d1d053\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Iranian Theological Influence on Iraqi Politics: A Realist Interpretation<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br \/><em>Md. Thowhidul Islam, K.M. Iftekharul Islam &amp; Anowara Akter<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>This study examines the intricate nexus between Iranian religious instrumentalization and Iraqi political dynamics in the post-2003 era. Employing a realist theoretical framework, the analysis investigates how Iran systematically exploits sectarian affiliations and ideological convergences to pursue its geopolitical objectives and project regional hegemony. The research delineates the mechanisms through which Iran exercises religious soft power and examines the consolidation of Shi\u2019a political ascendancy in post-Ba\u2019athist Iraq. Through systematic analysis of Iranian patronage networks and proxy organizations, this investigation evaluates the modalities of Iranian religious influence penetration within Iraqi political structures. While acknowledging the instrumental utility of religious discourse in contemporary statecraft, the study critically assesses the limitations inherent in realist analytical frameworks, particularly their tendency to marginalize grassroots mobilization and cross-cultural dynamics. The findings contribute to scholarly understanding of the multifaceted interplay between religious identity, political authority, and state behavior in the contemporary Middle Eastern context, as conceptualized through the lens of structural realism. This research offers empirical insights into the evolving patterns of transnational religious influence and its implications for regional security architecture.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7679e51 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7679e51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Md-Towhidul-Islam-IJIT-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fca4597 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fca4597\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-256815b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"256815b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-629a52a\" data-id=\"629a52a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99dbf1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99dbf1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Saint Augustine and al-Ghazali on Achieving Balance in the Observance of Good Works: Analyzing Their Inner Conditions<\/strong><br \/><em>Mohd Rosmizi Abd Rahman, Mohamed Mihlar Abdul Muthaliff, Roslizawati Mohd Ramly &amp; Abdul Rahim Zumrah\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Faith, good work, inner condition, love, sincerity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-40f825d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"40f825d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2214120\" data-id=\"2214120\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b89a4db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b89a4db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mohd-Rosmizi-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-25.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.336<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7046f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7046f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-10ff783\" data-id=\"10ff783\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5da846 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5da846\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 77-89<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7caec20 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"7caec20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-7caec20\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-7caec20\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Saint Augustine and al-Ghazali on Achieving Balance in the Observance of Good Works: Analyzing Their Inner Conditions<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Mohd Rosmizi Abd Rahman, Mohamed Mihlar Abdul Muthaliff, Roslizawati Mohd Ramly &amp; Abdul Rahim Zumrah\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>This study examines and compares the spiritual insights of Saint Augustine and Imam al-Ghazali in achieving balance between the physical and spiritual aspects of good works. They both analyse not only the normal outer conditions of good works, but also their inner aspects and revealing fundamental inner conditions that should be observed. Both Imam al-Ghazali and Saint Augustine maintain that good works consist of outer and inner dimensions or physical and spiritual realm. To realize the objective of any good work, therefore, these both aspects need to be observed simultaneously. This study is theoretical in nature, and it involves bibliographic research, employing descriptive and comparative analysis methods. This study found that despite coming from different religions, both of these great thinkers share a lot of common insights on the detailed items of inner conditions of good works and on the need to balance both dimensions. They believe that to achieve balance and real objective, believers should observe both physical and spiritual conditions of good works. Their insights are relevant and applicable to all individuals and societies, regardless of religion.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a962654 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a962654\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mohd-Rosmizi-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-25.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd760b5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cd760b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9023605 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9023605\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcfd278\" data-id=\"dcfd278\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf2c3d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf2c3d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Intersections of Religion and Ethics: A Philosophical Analysis within Islamic Thought<\/strong><br \/><em>M\u00fcfit Selim Saruhan<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Ethics, Islamic philosophy, morality, religion, value.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0510ad4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0510ad4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c46f8b\" data-id=\"8c46f8b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de4540a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de4540a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mufit-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.337<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-781ff26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"781ff26\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab44c88\" data-id=\"ab44c88\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c66685 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c66685\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 90-103<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da45ccf elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"da45ccf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-da45ccf\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-da45ccf\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Intersections of Religion and Ethics: A Philosophical Analysis within Islamic Thought<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br \/><em>M\u00fcfit Selim Saruhan<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the complex and multifaceted relationship between ethics and religion, offering a nuanced analysis of the various philosophical and theological views regarding their intersection and independence. It examines how religious doctrines, such as divine commandments, shape moral values like good and evil, justice, and virtue, while also considering perspectives that argue for the possibility of grounding moral principles outside of religious frameworks. The paper contrasts different schools of thought from both Western and Islamic traditions, including Kantian ethics, which emphasizes duty and the necessity of belief in God to uphold moral principles, as well as ethical theories that assert the sufficiency of reason, human nature, and social agreements for moral guidance. The Islamic view, represented by theological schools such as the Mu\u2019tazila, Ash\u2019ari, and Maturidi, presents a wide range of positions, from the belief in moral values existing independently of God&#8217;s will to the assertion that morality is inherently tied to divine command. These perspectives are juxtaposed with Western philosophical traditions, including the moral autonomy argued by thinkers like Hobbes, Kant, and Hume, who contend that moral obligations can arise from human reason, societal contracts, or natural laws. Additionally, the paper delves into the role of religious belief in motivating ethical actions, examining arguments that suggest faith can inspire moral behavior by grounding it in a higher divine authority, while also considering critiques that question the necessity of religious belief for moral action. Through these discussions, the paper provides a comprehensive examination of the ethical frameworks proposed by both religious and non-religious traditions, highlighting their interplay and potential for mutual reinforcement or divergence.<\/p><p>G<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83ab05e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83ab05e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mufit-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b5faa7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3b5faa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a7c044 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a7c044\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3c613b\" data-id=\"a3c613b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f4e77e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f4e77e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Systematic Literature Reviews on Application of Cash Waqf in Islamic Finance<\/strong><br \/><em>Muhamad Husni Hasbulah &amp; Mohd Sollehudin Shuib\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Cash waqf, Islamic finance social finance, systematic literature review, waqf-based financial innovation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca06f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca06f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a03474\" data-id=\"3a03474\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ce54c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51ce54c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Muhamad-Husni-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.338<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-253e9c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"253e9c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9bbdb25\" data-id=\"9bbdb25\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bdcc90 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6bdcc90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 104-120<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2a0352 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"d2a0352\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-d2a0352\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-d2a0352\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Systematic Literature Reviews on Application of Cash Waqf in Islamic Finance<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Muhamad Husni Hasbulah &amp; Mohd Sollehudin Shuib\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>This study aims to analyze the use of cash waqf in the current Islamic financial system. Various programs and projects currently utilized cash waqf as one of the instruments in developing the socio-economic of the community. Therefore, this study will examine the discussions in the literature to explore trends in cash waqf and its use in the current Islamic financial system. This systematic literature review focuses on journals that have been assessed and reviewed by experts in terms of quality and uses the data obtained from the SCOPUS and ECONBIZ from 2011 to 2024. The results of the study found that the use of cash waqf involves several aspects of the Islamic financial system. Among them are the use of cash waqf in financial products, financial institution operations and financial institution management. The use of cash waqf in financial products shows the integration of cash waqf with current financial products such as financial products based on financing, investment, and protection (takaful). In addition, there are also scholarly recommendations that endorse the use of cash waqf in the operational and management framework of financial institutions such as in the proposals for the establishment of cash-based waqf banks and proposals for modifications to the current framework for Islamic banking operations and management based on cash waqf. This study provides an overview of research trends in the use of cash waqf, especially in Islamic finance. The results is able to provide practical input for waqf institutions and Islamic financial institutions in encouraging innovation in socially oriented financial products.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-148e88c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"148e88c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Muhamad-Husni-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c9eb58 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4c9eb58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a80706c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a80706c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-972a1e5\" data-id=\"972a1e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9780095 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9780095\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>The Concept of Love in Marriage: Integrating Sternberg\u2019s Theory with Quranic Teachings<\/strong> <br \/><em>Muhammathu Mubarak Shiyana &amp; Seyed Mohamed Mohamed Mazahir<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Al-Quran, intimate partner relationships, love, triangular theory.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c790f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4c790f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-589fc87\" data-id=\"589fc87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2abba27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2abba27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Muhammathu-Mubarak-IJIT-vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.339<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3d81d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3d81d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e94a68d\" data-id=\"e94a68d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e345d86 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e345d86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 121-133<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2237c86 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"2237c86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-2237c86\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-2237c86\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The Concept of Love in Marriage: Integrating Sternberg\u2019s Theory with Quranic Teachings<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br \/><em>Muhammathu Mubarak Shiyana &amp; Seyed Mohamed Mohamed Mazahir<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Love is a universal phenomenon; its expression and significance can differ markedly across individuals. Thus, it is important to understand the real form of love. This qualitative study examines the connection between Sternberg\u2019s triangular theory of love and the Quranic framework for love by utilizing primary and secondary data sourced from various Islamic texts and psychological theories. The data have been analyzed through content analysis and comparative methods. According to the Triangular Theory of Love, love is described as a blend of three essential components: commitment, intimacy, and passion. It also distinguishes eight different types of love based on their basic components. Similarly, the Quranic teachings emphasize the importance of love in the building of a healthy and long-lasting marriage, and they describe affection between intimate partners as a manifestation of God&#8217;s blessing. In particular, Sternberg observes that consummate love is the most extensive form of love, as it encompasses all three components and is frequently observed in healthy marital relationships. Islam promotes the pursuit of love through marriage, which it regards as the optimal framework for cultivating affection between intimate partners. Thus, love within marriage provides long-lasting spiritual and psychological benefits. The findings of the study provide new insights to understand love from both Quranic and psychological perspectives.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be4d862 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be4d862\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Muhammathu-Mubarak-IJIT-vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96210c4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"96210c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e8bd55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e8bd55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f4695e3\" data-id=\"f4695e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b09cd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b09cd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>The Role of Islamic Thought in the Formation and Development of Political Worldview<\/strong><br \/><em>Murat Nassimov &amp; Botagoz Paridinova<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Al-Farabi, globalization, governance, Ibn Khaldun, Islamic political thought.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-57d6bf3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"57d6bf3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ea36f3\" data-id=\"4ea36f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da82898 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da82898\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Murat-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.340<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d63b56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d63b56\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1104343\" data-id=\"1104343\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76f1b0e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76f1b0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 134-143<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a940b0 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"5a940b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-5a940b0\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-5a940b0\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The Role of Islamic Thought in the Formation and Development of Political Worldview<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br \/><em>Murat Nassimov &amp; Botagoz Paridinova<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>This article examines the influence of Islamic thought on the development of political worldviews. The article recounts the evolution of classical principles from the fundamental works of Al-Farabi and Ibn Khaldun, whose writings gave early frameworks for moral leadership and empirical political analysis, to current research facing contemporary governance issues. Drawing on primary texts and extensive scholarly literature, the study first contextualizes the historical deliberations on governance, space, and authority in the Islamic tradition. It then explores how these foundational principles have been inherited and reinterpreted to orient current socio-political dynamics, and finally, it offers a comparative analysis with Western political thought in the era of globalization. The findings underscore that an understanding of classical Islamic political philosophy enriches contemporary debates on statecraft and facilitates a critical reassessment of dominant Western narratives. The study advocates for an integrated framework that bridges traditional insights with modern imperatives, thereby enhancing cross-cultural understanding and contributing to the discourse on global political reform.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb9a090 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb9a090\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Murat-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b92eb8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9b92eb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cc89ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cc89ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-270a5e8\" data-id=\"270a5e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10c5d25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10c5d25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>The Consistency between Postmodern Epistemological Assumptions with Islamic Teachings<\/strong> <br \/><em>Ramezan Mahdavi Azadboni\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Islamic teachings, knowledge, postmodern, reason.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c85757d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c85757d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b506e3\" data-id=\"2b506e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0427b1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0427b1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ramezan-Mahdavi-IJIT-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.341<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a448f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a448f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d5fa1c\" data-id=\"8d5fa1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f60b9a0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f60b9a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 144-150<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40ff541 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"40ff541\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-40ff541\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-40ff541\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The Consistency between Postmodern Epistemological Assumptions with Islamic Teachings<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br \/><em>Ramezan Mahdavi Azadboni\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>There is no doubt that the post-modern era is one of the periods in the history of thought in the Western world. The constituent elements of this era are diverse and one of the main components of this period is the approach taken towards knowledge. Since the adoption of any point of view about knowledge can have a direct impact on our view of religious knowledge, the following concern for religious epistemologists is significant: what is the position of religious beliefs in the post-modern era. The aim of the current research is to analyze and evaluate the above-mentioned issue. To do this, the author attempts to state briefly the epistemological assumptions of the postmortem era, and then trying to display that there is no conflict between the aforementioned assumptions and the fundamental religious teachings, emphasizing the teachings of Islam. In this regard, the author tries to present documents among Islamic teachings in order to derive this result, that is, to negate the incompatibility between the epistemological assumptions of the post-modern era and Islam.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd953c3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd953c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ramezan-Mahdavi-IJIT-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a62b1b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2a62b1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-003d562 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"003d562\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-63b926b\" data-id=\"63b926b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56db206 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"56db206\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ibn Khaldun\u2019s Thoughts on Sustainable Development<\/strong><br \/><em>Raudha Md Ramli, Abdul Ghafar Ismail, Mohd Syahmir Alias &amp; Nur Aida Athirah Sulaiman<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Economic development, Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah, sustainable development.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-09db7c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"09db7c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d54fdfb\" data-id=\"d54fdfb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-351d69d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"351d69d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Raudha-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2024.342<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-51daac5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"51daac5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-45ef432\" data-id=\"45ef432\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15f3526 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15f3526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 151-171<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c216ff elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"2c216ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-2c216ff\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-2c216ff\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ibn Khaldun\u2019s Thoughts on Sustainable Development<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br \/><em>Raudha Md Ramli, Abdul Ghafar Ismail, Mohd Syahmir Alias &amp; Nur Aida Athirah Sulaiman<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The pursuit of sustainable development\u2014balancing economic prosperity with social equity and environmental stewardship\u2014has emerged as an imperative global paradigm in the 21st century. While often framed as a modern response to contemporary challenges, the intellectual foundations of sustainable development can be discerned in the works of earlier scholars across diverse civilisations. This paper examines the profound yet underexplored contributions of Ibn Khaldun. His magnum opus, Muqaddimah, presents a sophisticated analysis of civilisational dynamics that resonates remarkably with the current sustainability discourse. Through critical textual analysis, this study demonstrates how Ibn Khaldun\u2019s concept of `umran (civilisation\/prosperity) anticipated the three pillars of sustainable development: his theories of economic development (ma`ash), social cohesion (`asabiyyah), and environmental balance (bi\u2019ah) offer a comprehensive framework for understanding societal flourishing and decline. The paper argues that Ibn Khaldun\u2019s cyclical theory of civilisational development, rooted in his observations of North African and Mediterranean societies, provides valuable insights into the conditions necessary for long-term sustainability\u2014particularly his emphasis on just governance, intergenerational equity and the delicate equilibrium between urban development and ecological limits. This research enriches our historical understanding of sustainability concepts by bridging classical Islamic scholarship with contemporary sustainable development goals.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33e7d20 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33e7d20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Raudha-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d330a24 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d330a24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a9a481 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a9a481\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc26c47\" data-id=\"cc26c47\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b90fd65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b90fd65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Doctrinal Pluralism and Its Impact on Shaping the Identity of the Islamic Judicial System\u00a0(132\u2013923 AH\/ 750\u20131517 AD)<\/strong><br \/><em>Riad Salim Awad<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Equality, Islamic judiciary, Islamic jurisprudence, separation of powers, Shafi&#8217;i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a704870 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a704870\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a1d0622\" data-id=\"a1d0622\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a83721 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a83721\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Riad-Salim-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.343<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-791995e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"791995e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-488b811\" data-id=\"488b811\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-364d527 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"364d527\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 172-182<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a39b5e9 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"a39b5e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-a39b5e9\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-a39b5e9\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Doctrinal Pluralism and Its Impact on Shaping the Identity of the Islamic Judicial System\u00a0(132\u2013923 AH\/ 750\u20131517 AD)<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br \/><em>Riad Salim Awad<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>This study explores the historical evolution of sectarian influence on the Islamic judiciary in Egypt and the Levant during the Fatimid, Zengid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk periods. It highlights how political and religious authorities systematically manipulated the judiciary to align with ruling sectarian ideologies. Under the Fatimids, judges were required to conform strictly to the state\u2019s Ismaili doctrine, overriding their original schools of thought. Similarly, Sunni dynasties such as the Ayyubids, Zengids, and Mamluks centralized judicial authority under their preferred Sunni schools while offering limited space to other sects to maintain social harmony. A key strategy involved appointing judges from families loyal to the dominant sect, leading to hereditary control of legal institutions and reinforcing sectarian dominance. The study uses descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods to examine the structure and functioning of judicial systems under each regime, shedding light on how sectarianism shaped legal appointments, procedures, and public trust. It aims to raise awareness of the historical misuse of religious authority for political gain and to promote principles of sectarian pluralism and intellectual diversity. By tracing the repercussions of sectarianism on judicial integrity, the study calls for policies that uphold justice and equality across sectarian lines in contemporary society.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3b0ee9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3b0ee9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Riad-Salim-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-708e0b9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"708e0b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-460e53e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"460e53e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d56033\" data-id=\"1d56033\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7f7317 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7f7317\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Indonesian Women in the Media from Da`wah (Islamic Missionary) Perspectives<\/strong><br \/><em>Sabiruddin Juli, Ahmad Wira, Adawiyah Ismail &amp; Muhammad Yunus<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Indonesian women, Islamic dakwah, media, Muslim women.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b936cd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b936cd7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f1763f\" data-id=\"4f1763f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01bc53e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01bc53e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sabiruddin-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.344<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d9643cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d9643cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f71f121\" data-id=\"f71f121\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f075f1b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f075f1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 183-192<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dbddde elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"9dbddde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-9dbddde\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-9dbddde\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Indonesian Women in the Media from Da`wah (Islamic Missionary) Perspectives<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br \/><em>Sabiruddin Juli, Ahmad Wira, Adawiyah Ismail &amp; Muhammad Yunus<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>This article is about women in the media in Indonesia in general and Muslim women in particular from Islamic dakwah perspectives. Generally, the media images of women have strengthened their position as inferior beings. The media in general have portrayed the images of women as the objects in the world dominated by men in their advertisements, the soap opera, as well as the coverages by some journalists. The negative and inferior status and position of women in the media should be improved based on Islamic da`wah perspectives. Since Allah has created men and women to live on this world planet in peaceful conditions as demanded by Him. This article explores Islamic da`wah perspectives for Muslim women and non-Muslim women in Indonesian media. For Muslim women, they are to be portrayed and presented in the media by referring to some verses of the Holy Quran and based on the status and position of Muslim women in the Muslim early historical period.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8a47c3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8a47c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sabiruddin-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95cea4c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"95cea4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a465a98 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a465a98\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0488ddf\" data-id=\"0488ddf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20e0cf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20e0cf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Islamic Perspectives on Trans-species Zoochosis: Reflections in Bear Boy Autobiography<\/strong> <br \/><em>Walid Reda Ali, Dina Helmy Shalaby &amp; Hoda Soliman Mohamed\u00a0<br \/><\/em>Keywords: Bear Boy, Islamic perspectives, psychology, trans-species zoochoises.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-13c9091 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"13c9091\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f00175a\" data-id=\"f00175a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7af500 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7af500\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Walid-IJIT-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.345<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d19186 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0d19186\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ca44dd\" data-id=\"7ca44dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3549c08 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3549c08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 193-202<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed0d714 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"ed0d714\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-ed0d714\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-ed0d714\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Islamic Perspectives on Trans-species Zoochosis: Reflections in Bear Boy Autobiography<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Walid Reda Ali, Dina Helmy Shalaby &amp; Hoda Soliman Mohamed\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The Quran and Hadith consider the purpose of the creation of nonhuman animals to guarantee humanity the enjoyment of life on earth, they are described as full individuals with full rights, enjoying a sense of similarity to humans and sometimes having abilities that exceed and surpass humans` capabilities. The current paper discusses the Islamic origin of trans- species zoochosis in Bear Boy, an autobiography by Justin Barker. This paper also aims to illustrate how Islam has influenced modern science and psychology. In particular, it aims to establish a link between Islam and trans-species psychology, a psychological theory innovated by the American psychologist and ecologist Gay Bradshaw. In addition, this paper elucidates that trans- species psychology retells and confirms what Islam has mentioned long time ago. Plainly, this paper states that there is a psychological similarity between humans and animals. Trans- species psychology has proven that animals, like humans, can suffer from trauma, stress and zoochosis. Clearly, Justin Barker was influenced by Islam which copes with trans-species psychology zoochosis. Barker portrays zoochosis as a psychological disorder that inflicts animals and humans. His vision of human animal similarity is already treated in surah al An`am of the Holy al-Quran.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d13b0a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d13b0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Walid-IJIT-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c38282 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2c38282\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c55117 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c55117\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e174296\" data-id=\"e174296\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e021220 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e021220\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Trauma among Palestinian Women: Coping with Shuhada&#8217; in Their Struggle for Resistance in Kanafani&#8217;s Work<\/strong><br \/><em>Ye Xinyu &amp; Pabiyah Hajimaming\u00a0<\/em><br \/>Keywords: Culture trauma, Kanafani, Nakba, resistance literature, Shuhada&#8217;<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0388947 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0388947\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-35e1f37\" data-id=\"35e1f37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c62123 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c62123\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ye-Xinyu-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.346<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-83615cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"83615cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-09c895d\" data-id=\"09c895d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49245f8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49245f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 203-211<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-038c6e8 elementor-widget__width-initial premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"038c6e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;show_on_exit&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-038c6e8\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-038c6e8\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\"\n\t\t\trole=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Trauma among Palestinian Women: Coping with Shuhada&#8217; in Their Struggle for Resistance in Kanafani&#8217;s Work<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br \/><em>Ye Xinyu &amp; Pabiyah Hajimaming\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The study examines the impact of trauma on Palestinian women following the Nakba disaster, employing Kanafani&#8217;s literary work Umm Saad to clarify the many psychological, social, and cultural challenges faced by Palestinian female refugees. The study illustrates how the protagonist&#8217;s tenacity in the arduous setting of a refugee camp exhibits remarkable endurance in the face of adversity, displacement, and degradation of dignity. Employing Alexander&#8217;s cultural trauma theory, this analysis of the character Umm Saad explores Palestinian mothers&#8217; responses to martyrdom shuhada&#8217;, emphasising the interplay of religious, cultural, and social imperatives that impose unique constraints on maternal mourning, while simultaneously reinforcing their role as symbols of national resilience. Kanafani&#8217;s oeuvre functions as both a literary homage to and a critique of the enduring cultural pain of the Nakba, illustrating Palestinian women&#8217;s narratives as manifestations of political resistance that underscore the importance of motherhood in Palestinian identity. The Eindings highlight the importance of recognising these Palestinian women&#8217;s resilience and reinterpreting cultural and political myths of sacriEice, emphasising the signiEicant maternal strength amid systemic oppression and exile.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aab55bc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aab55bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ye-Xinyu-IJIT-Vol-28-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ec1d54 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1ec1d54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5e4981 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5e4981\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-15632c6\" data-id=\"15632c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb23041 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb23041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>In Memoriam of Professor Khurshid Ahmad<\/strong><br \/><em>Ahmad Sunawari Long<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9fa3ce2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9fa3ce2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6848f6f\" data-id=\"6848f6f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8745b8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8745b8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/YZ-In-Memoriam-of-Professor-Kurshid-Ahmad.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.28.2025.347<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-78ff987 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"78ff987\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea1b4c5\" data-id=\"ea1b4c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1c6537 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1c6537\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page 212-213<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecc4c8d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ecc4c8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/YZ-In-Memoriam-of-Professor-Kurshid-Ahmad.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fc5dce elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6fc5dce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-621bd03\" data-id=\"621bd03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ff833b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ff833b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cover of the Issue<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f31cfd7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f31cfd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1-Cover-IJIT-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"210\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IJIT-28-DEC-2025.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3865\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2031558 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2031558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol. 28, December 2025<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a484337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"a484337\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3484\" class=\"elementor elementor-3484\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b17f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b17f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a7a431\" data-id=\"8a7a431\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fc35cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5fc35cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db4918f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db4918f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cac3135\" data-id=\"cac3135\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f95eafd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f95eafd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Editor in Chief<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ffb59b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ffb59b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62d0722\" data-id=\"62d0722\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f8e80c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f8e80c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Professor Dr. Ahmad&nbsp;Sunawari Long<br><\/strong><a href=\"mailto:ijit@ukm.edu.my\">ijit@ukm.edu.my<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a45509 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a45509\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b810b7d\" data-id=\"b810b7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d58a77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d58a77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Member of<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d5f99aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d5f99aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ee41e2\" data-id=\"0ee41e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77b2db5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77b2db5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-767\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"156\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 156px) 100vw, 156px\" \/><br \/>COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-28e2f06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28e2f06\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-59f150f\" data-id=\"59f150f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb95d31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cb95d31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ebc62b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ebc62b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a5ca8f\" data-id=\"2a5ca8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cc0088 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0cc0088\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">IJIT in Brief<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d916be3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d916be3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b218be\" data-id=\"3b218be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14e35dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14e35dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">An international scholarly journal on Islamic thought and contemporary Muslim issues.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce47e5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ce47e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1374fdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1374fdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Indexed in Scopus and Web of Science\u2013ESCI.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9e4411 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e9e4411\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6e09ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c6e09ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Fully open access with global readership.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8c19b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d8c19b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfe4028 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bfe4028\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Published twice a year (June and December).<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-288f930 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"288f930\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fad58e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0fad58e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">All submissions undergo double-blind peer review.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e10526 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7e10526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d82c1eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d82c1eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Accepts English manuscripts only.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63c8c6d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"63c8c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43a34db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43a34db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Requires IMRaD writing structure.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4043b1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a4043b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-315e5fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"315e5fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Uses APA citation and formatting style.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1bba40 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1bba40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-352b6cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"352b6cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Committed to COPE\u2019s ethical publishing standards.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cffd4bc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cffd4bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5dc21f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5dc21f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span lang=\"EN-MY\">Published by the National University of Malaysia (UKM) in partnership with Wisdom Academia Venture.<\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a46e54 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a46e54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e63ba4\" data-id=\"5e63ba4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2327cc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2327cc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a title=\"SCImago Journal &amp; Country Rank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journalsearch.php?q=21100944566&amp;tip=sid&amp;exact=no\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journal_img.php?id=21100944566\" alt=\"SCImago Journal &amp; Country Rank\" width=\"204\" height=\"204\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a3a9a18 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a3a9a18\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38e3c1eb\" data-id=\"38e3c1eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dfdcab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"3dfdcab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1053\" class=\"elementor elementor-1053\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-68ce613 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"68ce613\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-80ef3c1\" data-id=\"80ef3c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8536e2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f8536e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tIndexed &amp; Abstracted by\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f60311d elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f60311d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4781af6\" data-id=\"4781af6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e256c6a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"e256c6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 14%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1620 gallery-columns-7 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SCOPUS-2022\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTE1NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51a20ubXlcL2lqaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzEwXC9TQ09QVVMtMjAyMi5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlMjU2YzZhIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SCOPUS-2022.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SCOPUS-2022.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SCOPUS-2022.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SCOPUS-2022-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Q1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzUwMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51a20ubXlcL2lqaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA0XC9RMS5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlMjU2YzZhIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Q1.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"249\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Q1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Q1.png 250w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Q1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"ESCI LOGO\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjc0MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51a20ubXlcL2lqaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA4XC9FU0NJLUxPR08ucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZTI1NmM2YSJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ESCI-LOGO.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ESCI-LOGO.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ESCI-LOGO.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ESCI-LOGO-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"ERA2022\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTE1OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51a20ubXlcL2lqaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzEwXC9FUkEyMDIyLnBuZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImUyNTZjNmEifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/ERA2022.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/ERA2022.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/ERA2022.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/ERA2022-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"EBSCO2022\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTE2MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51a20ubXlcL2lqaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzEwXC9FQlNDTzIwMjIucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZTI1NmM2YSJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/EBSCO2022.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/EBSCO2022.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/EBSCO2022.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/EBSCO2022-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"doaj-logo\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzcyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3LnVrbS5teVwvaWppdFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAxOVwvMDdcL2RvYWotbG9nby5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlMjU2YzZhIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/doaj-logo.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"220\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/doaj-logo.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/doaj-logo.png 220w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/doaj-logo-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e256c6a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"ACI LOGO\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjc0MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51a20ubXlcL2lqaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA4XC9BQ0ktTE9HTy5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlMjU2YzZhIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ACI-LOGO.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ACI-LOGO.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ACI-LOGO.png 200w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ACI-LOGO-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60ac085 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60ac085\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c22a9c\" data-id=\"1c22a9c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c276c48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c276c48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/88x31.png\" width=\"88\" height=\"31\">International Journal of Islamic Thought&nbsp;by Wisdom Academia Venture&nbsp;is licensed under a&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/deed.en_US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License<\/a> based on a work at&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/archieves\/\">International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/a> permissions beyond the scope of this license is available at&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/copyright\/\">COPYRIGHT<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4691e91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4691e91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easycounter.com\/counter.php?ijitukm\" alt=\"Website Hit Counter\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">visitors\u00a0since 01 June 2012<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f0a5083\" data-id=\"f0a5083\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9af0bd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9af0bd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Published by<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Department of Theology and Philosophy<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Faculty of Islamic Studies<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">(the National University of Malaysia)<br \/>43600 Bangi, Selangor<br \/>MALAYSIA<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<em><br \/>and<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">WISDOM ACADEMIA VENTURE<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-064fccc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"064fccc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-296bac8\" data-id=\"296bac8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33d9773 elementor-widget elementor-widget-copyright\" data-id=\"33d9773\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"copyright.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-copyright-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Copyright \u00a9 2026 IJIT - U K M  |  Powered by IJIT - U K M<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>INTRODUCTION The INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT (IJIT) is an internationally refereed online journal (e-ISSN 2289-6023) and printed journal (ISSN 2232-1314). IJIT is jointly published by the Department of Theology and Philosophy; the Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), and; Wisdom Academia Venture. The credibility and achievements of IJIT have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4020","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4020"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4154,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4020\/revisions\/4154"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}