{"id":4390,"date":"2026-05-09T05:19:23","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T05:19:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/?page_id=4390"},"modified":"2026-06-01T05:16:43","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T05:16:43","slug":"vol-29-june-2026","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 29 &#8211; June 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4390\" class=\"elementor elementor-4390\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d13843 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d13843\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-37ccbe2\" data-id=\"37ccbe2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae2cb43 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"ae2cb43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1048\" class=\"elementor elementor-1048\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c56d40c elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c56d40c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc4eeb4\" data-id=\"fc4eeb4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee343f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-header-info\" data-id=\"ee343f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-header-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <ul class=\"ekit-header-info\">\n                                    <li>\n                            <a > \n                                                                IJIT | International Journal of Islamic Thought                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b2af36\" data-id=\"8b2af36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c12e66 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-header-info\" data-id=\"8c12e66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-header-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <ul class=\"ekit-header-info\">\n                                    <li>\n                            <a > \n                                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-phone\"><\/i>                                +603 8921 5503                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                                            <li>\n                            <a > \n                                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-email\"><\/i>                                ijit@ukm.edu.my                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-754f3a2 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"754f3a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a92e9f4\" data-id=\"a92e9f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07aef75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07aef75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">IJIT | International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43ed288 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43ed288\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-985747c\" data-id=\"985747c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-739421e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"739421e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"860\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3843\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0.png 860w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb12cce\" data-id=\"bb12cce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e184bd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e184bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"178\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1024x178.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3276\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1024x178.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-768x133.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1536x267.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT.png 1646w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b15c1a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b15c1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c694a6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c694a6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">e-ISSN 2289-6023 |\u00a0\u00a0ISSN 2232-1314<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a7915a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a7915a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9595fb\" data-id=\"d9595fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc5ccd4 hfe-nav-menu__align-left hfe-submenu-icon-arrow hfe-submenu-animation-none hfe-link-redirect-child hfe-nav-menu__breakpoint-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-navigation-menu\" data-id=\"dc5ccd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:5,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:false},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:8,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:8,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:7,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:11,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;width_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;220&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"navigation-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__none\" data-layout=\"horizontal\">\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"button\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\"  class=\"fas fa-align-justify\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow\" data-toggle-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-align-justify&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-close-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;far fa-window-close&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-full-width=\"yes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-dc5ccd4\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-6\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-481\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a class = \"hfe-menu-item\">About<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-18\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/editorial-board\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Editorial Board<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-19\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/international-advisory-board\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">International Advisory Board<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4083\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ijit-scope\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Aim and Scope<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-20\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Submission<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-5294\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ijit-publication-of-article-types\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Publication of Article Types<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-21\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/guidelines\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Template &#038; Guidelines<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-22\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/fees\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Publication Fee<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4085\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ijit-timeline\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Timeline<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-23\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/agreement-and-declaration\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Agreement &#038; Declaration Form<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4086\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ijit-disclaimer\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Disclaimer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-26\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ethics-statement\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Ethics Statement<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-5382\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/policy\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Policy<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2688\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/archives\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Archives<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/indexing\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Indexing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d055cb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d055cb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42a437e\" data-id=\"42a437e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f345004 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f345004\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66686ec\" data-id=\"66686ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e6fbb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e6fbb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16b8d1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16b8d1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><br \/>The<strong> INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT (IJIT)<\/strong> is an internationally refereed online journal (e-ISSN 2289-6023) and printed journal (ISSN 2232-1314). IJIT is jointly published by the Department of Theology and Philosophy; the Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), and; Wisdom Academia Venture. The credibility and achievements of IJIT have qualified it to be indexed by Scopus and the Web of Science (ESCI). The international perspective of IJIT reflected by its international authors, international editors, international reviewers, international member of advisory board, and international access. IJIT is an Open Access Journal that users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles. IJIT supports Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing. Founded in 2012, IJIT published in June and December annually. It is open to authors around the world regardless of the nationality. All published articles are assigned DOI (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035) provided by Crossref. IJIT is a member of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), a leading organization that provides guidelines, resources and support for editors, publishers and researchers to ensure integrity in academic writing and publishing. The International Journal of Islamic Thought (IJIT) has been honoured with the Malaysia Scopus Research Star Award 2024 by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia, in recognition of its outstanding global reputation, scholarly excellence, and impactful research achievements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b04047 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4b04047\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb84f8f\" data-id=\"bb84f8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c8e63f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6c8e63f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Current Issue: Volume 29 (June) 2026<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9970afb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9970afb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/A%20Preliminary%20IJIT%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRELIMINARY<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b7cebd elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9b7cebd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 348\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0aa15a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0aa15a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ahmad Munawar Ismail<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&amp; Mohd Farhan Firas<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67876bb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"67876bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0dd0fb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0dd0fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religious Extremism through the Lens of Kristevan Abjection<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e181451 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"e181451\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd4196f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd4196f\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd4196f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd4196f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd4196f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd4196f\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd4196f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd4196f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-649a6a5\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-649a6a56a237dfd4196f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-649a6a56a237dfd4196f\" href=\"#Content-649a6a56a237dfd4196f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-649a6a56a237dfd4196f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd4196f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd4196f\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd4196f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd4196f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd4196f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd4196f\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd4196f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd4196f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd4196f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd4196f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 1-17\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.348\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.348<\/span><\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd4196f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd4196f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15.12.2025<\/span> \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 Revised: 10.02.2026 \u2022 Accepted: 20.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-649a6a5 \" id=\"content-649a6a56a237dfd4196f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-649a6a56a237dfd4196f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p>Ahmad Munawar Ismail &amp; Mohd Farhan Firas. 2026. Religious extremism through the Lens of Kristevan abjection. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 1-17.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd4196f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd4196f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This study analyzes the phenomenon of religious extremism through the concept of abjection as articulated by Julia Kristeva. The theory of abjection elucidates the psychosocial mechanisms by which radical groups construct identity through the rejection and demonization of the Other as a polluting threat that must be eradicated. It offers a critical framework for understanding how religious violence functions not merely as a political strategy but as a symbolic ritual aimed at affirming the purity of collective identity. Using a qualitative approach based on theory-guided textual content analysis and comparative discourse analysis, this study examines extremist narratives such as those propagated by IS, Buddhist nationalist movements in Myanmar, and Hindu extremism that deploy abject metaphors (e.g., \u201cfilth,\u201d \u201cgerms,\u201d or \u201ccontaminants\u201d) to legitimize acts of dehumanization and violence. The findings indicate that abjection operates across three primary dimensions: (1) identity formation through the construction of a \u201cus versus them\u201d dichotomy; (2) the sacralization of violence as a form of jouissance (destructive enjoyment) and (3) the failure of traditional cathartic mechanisms, resulting in the transformation of abjection into uncontrolled terror. The study concludes that conventional deradicalization approaches often fall short by overlooking the psycho-abjective roots of religious violence. As an alternative, Kristeva\u2019s framework suggests a more holistic counter-extremism strategy, one that includes abjection literacy education, intergroup dialogue, and the reinforcement of an inclusive symbolic order.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> a<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bjection, collective identity, Julia Kristeva, religious extremism, violence<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd4196f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd4196f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Ahmad%20Munawar%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 1-17\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.348\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/<span style=\\\"font-weight: 400\\\">10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.348<\/span><\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: <span style=\\\"font-weight: 400\\\">15.12.2025<\/span> \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 Revised: 10.02.2026 \u2022 Accepted: 20.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Ahmad Munawar Ismail &amp; Mohd Farhan Firas. 2026. Religious extremism through the Lens of Kristevan abjection. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 1-17.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> <span style=\\\"font-weight: 400\\\">This study analyzes the phenomenon of religious extremism through the concept of abjection as articulated by Julia Kristeva. The theory of abjection elucidates the psychosocial mechanisms by which radical groups construct identity through the rejection and demonization of the Other as a polluting threat that must be eradicated. It offers a critical framework for understanding how religious violence functions not merely as a political strategy but as a symbolic ritual aimed at affirming the purity of collective identity. Using a qualitative approach based on theory-guided textual content analysis and comparative discourse analysis, this study examines extremist narratives such as those propagated by IS, Buddhist nationalist movements in Myanmar, and Hindu extremism that deploy abject metaphors (e.g., \u201cfilth,\u201d \u201cgerms,\u201d or \u201ccontaminants\u201d) to legitimize acts of dehumanization and violence. The findings indicate that abjection operates across three primary dimensions: (1) identity formation through the construction of a \u201cus versus them\u201d dichotomy; (2) the sacralization of violence as a form of jouissance (destructive enjoyment) and (3) the failure of traditional cathartic mechanisms, resulting in the transformation of abjection into uncontrolled terror. The study concludes that conventional deradicalization approaches often fall short by overlooking the psycho-abjective roots of religious violence. As an alternative, Kristeva\u2019s framework suggests a more holistic counter-extremism strategy, one that includes abjection literacy education, intergroup dialogue, and the reinforcement of an inclusive symbolic order.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> a<span style=\\\"font-weight: 400\\\">bjection, collective identity, Julia Kristeva, religious extremism, violence<\/span><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Ahmad%20Munawar%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d343fd1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d343fd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 349\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83ecb12 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83ecb12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asmahan Mostafa Tawfik Khalil, Wael Mohamed Mahmoud Alrefae &amp; Hibah Mohammed Hamad Alsubaie<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec3b117 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ec3b117\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a06b15 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a06b15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Qatar in the Ottoman and British Strategies in the Arabian Gulf (1305\u20131331 AH\/1888\u20131913 CE): A Historical Study in the Light of Ottoman Documents<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-968e7dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"968e7dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd44b50-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd44b50\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd44b50\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd44b50\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd44b50-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-histroy\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd44b50\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd44b50\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd44b50\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article Histroy<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-a2d60cc\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-a2d60cc6a237dfd44b50-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-a2d60cc6a237dfd44b50\" href=\"#Content-a2d60cc6a237dfd44b50\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-a2d60cc6a237dfd44b50\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd44b50-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd44b50\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd44b50\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd44b50\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd44b50-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd44b50\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd44b50\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd44b50\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd44b50\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd44b50-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 18-28\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.349<\/span><\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd44b50\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd44b50-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 01.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 16.01.2026 \u2022 Accepted: 15.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026\u00a0<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-a2d60cc \" id=\"content-a2d60cc6a237dfd44b50\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-a2d60cc6a237dfd44b50-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Asmahan Mostafa Tawfik Khalil, Wael Mohamed Mahmoud Alrefae &amp; Hibah Mohammed Hamad Alsubaie. 2026. <strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Qatar in the Ottoman and British strategies in the Arabian Gulf (1305\u20131331 AH\/1888\u20131913 CE): A historical study in the light of Ottoman Documents. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 18-28.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd44b50\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd44b50-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This study examines the features of Ottoman and British strategies in the Arabian Gulf during the period (1305\u20131331 AH\/1888\u20131913 CE), through their direct rivalry over the Qatar Peninsula. The Ottoman state\u2014acting as the Islamic Caliphate\u2014viewed Qatar as part of Muslim lands in al-Ahsa and sought to consolidate its sovereignty through administrative tools (appointment of qaimmaqam and the registration of villages in the salnames), legal measures (memoranda and diplomatic protests), and military action (dispatching ships and troops to protect the coasts). By contrast, Britain embodied the face of Western colonialism, linking its influence in Qatar to securing navigation to India and working to undermine Ottoman sovereignty through Bahrain and Abu Dhabi, using settlement projects in al-Zubarah and al-`Udayd as pretexts for intervention and the consolidation of dominance. The importance of this study lies in showing how Qatar became an arena of confrontation between the Islamic Caliphate, representing the unity of Muslims, and European colonialism, which exploited the Gulf\u2019s position and resources. The Ottoman documents further demonstrate that the 1913 Convention was not merely a political settlement but a decisive turning point that, for the first time, recognized Qatar as a distinct entity under the rule of the Al-Thani family\u2014marking the beginning of the consolidation of its political identity within the broader context of rivalry between Islam, represented by the Ottomans, and Western colonialism, represented by Britain.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> British imperial strategy, Ottoman archives (BOA), Ottoman sovereignty, Qatar, 1913 London Agreement<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd44b50\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd44b50-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Asmahan%20IJIT%20%20Volume%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 18-28\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.349\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/<span style=\\\"font-weight: 400\\\">10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.349<\/span><\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article Histroy\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 01.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 16.01.2026 \u2022 Accepted: 15.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026\u00a0<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Asmahan Mostafa Tawfik Khalil, Wael Mohamed Mahmoud Alrefae &amp; Hibah Mohammed Hamad Alsubaie. 2026. <strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Qatar in the Ottoman and British strategies in the Arabian Gulf (1305\u20131331 AH\/1888\u20131913 CE): A historical study in the light of Ottoman Documents. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 18-28.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This study examines the features of Ottoman and British strategies in the Arabian Gulf during the period (1305\u20131331 AH\/1888\u20131913 CE), through their direct rivalry over the Qatar Peninsula. The Ottoman state\u2014acting as the Islamic Caliphate\u2014viewed Qatar as part of Muslim lands in al-Ahsa and sought to consolidate its sovereignty through administrative tools (appointment of qaimmaqam and the registration of villages in the salnames), legal measures (memoranda and diplomatic protests), and military action (dispatching ships and troops to protect the coasts). By contrast, Britain embodied the face of Western colonialism, linking its influence in Qatar to securing navigation to India and working to undermine Ottoman sovereignty through Bahrain and Abu Dhabi, using settlement projects in al-Zubarah and al-`Udayd as pretexts for intervention and the consolidation of dominance. The importance of this study lies in showing how Qatar became an arena of confrontation between the Islamic Caliphate, representing the unity of Muslims, and European colonialism, which exploited the Gulf\u2019s position and resources. The Ottoman documents further demonstrate that the 1913 Convention was not merely a political settlement but a decisive turning point that, for the first time, recognized Qatar as a distinct entity under the rule of the Al-Thani family\u2014marking the beginning of the consolidation of its political identity within the broader context of rivalry between Islam, represented by the Ottomans, and Western colonialism, represented by Britain.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> British imperial strategy, Ottoman archives (BOA), Ottoman sovereignty, Qatar, 1913 London Agreement<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Asmahan%20IJIT%20%20Volume%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f97dddf elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f97dddf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 350\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235b327 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235b327\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Azad Aref Raouf Qazaz<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef4c2e8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ef4c2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03d7a88 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03d7a88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Createdness of the Quran: A Theological Framework in\u00a0Dirar\u2019s Doctrine<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-281e17c elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"281e17c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd47c9e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd47c9e\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd47c9e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd47c9e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd47c9e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd47c9e\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd47c9e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd47c9e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-af03dc3\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-af03dc36a237dfd47c9e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-af03dc36a237dfd47c9e\" href=\"#Content-af03dc36a237dfd47c9e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-af03dc36a237dfd47c9e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd47c9e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd47c9e\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd47c9e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd47c9e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd47c9e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd47c9e\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd47c9e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd47c9e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd47c9e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd47c9e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 29-40\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.350<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd47c9e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd47c9e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 15.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 26.01.2026 \u2022 Accepted: 23.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-af03dc3 \" id=\"content-af03dc36a237dfd47c9e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-af03dc36a237dfd47c9e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Azad Aref Raouf Qazaz. 2026.\u00a0 The createdness of the Quran: A theological framework in Dirar\u2019s doctrine<strong>. <\/strong><em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 29-40.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd47c9e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd47c9e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This article examines the theological conception of the Quran\u2019s createdness in the thought of Dirar b. `Amr (d. ca. 193\/809). As one of the earliest Muslim theologians, Dirar held that the Quran is created and classified it not as a body (jism), but as an accident (`arad)\u2014a non-substantial entity\u2014formed by God upon the Preserved Tablet (al-Lawh al-Mahfuz). He formulated a distinctive doctrine of acquisition (iktisab), asserting that individuals acquire the Quran through reading, writing, and memorization, by means of an ability to act (al-istita`a). According to Dirar, God continuously recreates the Quran within the temporal world, distinguishing between a primordial Quran inscribed on the Lawh al-Mahfuz and a created Quran manifested in human activity. In his view, only `Uthman\u2019s recension reflects the primordial Quran. This study investigates a neglected dimension of Dirar\u2019s theology by analyzing his classification of the Quran as a created `arad and his conception of its temporal actualization through two agents: God as Creator (Khaliq) and the human as acquirer (muktasib).<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>:\u00a0&#8216;arad, al-lawh al-mahfuz, createdness of the Quran, dirar, iktisab, jism, &#8216;Uthman\u2019s recension<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd47c9e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd47c9e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Azad%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 29-40\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.350\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.350<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 15.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 26.01.2026 \u2022 Accepted: 23.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Azad Aref Raouf Qazaz. 2026.\u00a0 The createdness of the Quran: A theological framework in Dirar\u2019s doctrine<strong>. <\/strong><em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 29-40.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This article examines the theological conception of the Quran\u2019s createdness in the thought of Dirar b. `Amr (d. ca. 193\/809). As one of the earliest Muslim theologians, Dirar held that the Quran is created and classified it not as a body (jism), but as an accident (`arad)\u2014a non-substantial entity\u2014formed by God upon the Preserved Tablet (al-Lawh al-Mahfuz). He formulated a distinctive doctrine of acquisition (iktisab), asserting that individuals acquire the Quran through reading, writing, and memorization, by means of an ability to act (al-istita`a). According to Dirar, God continuously recreates the Quran within the temporal world, distinguishing between a primordial Quran inscribed on the Lawh al-Mahfuz and a created Quran manifested in human activity. In his view, only `Uthman\u2019s recension reflects the primordial Quran. This study investigates a neglected dimension of Dirar\u2019s theology by analyzing his classification of the Quran as a created `arad and his conception of its temporal actualization through two agents: God as Creator (Khaliq) and the human as acquirer (muktasib).<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>:\u00a0'arad, al-lawh al-mahfuz, createdness of the Quran, dirar, iktisab, jism, 'Uthman\u2019s recension<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Azad%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e76b745 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e76b745\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 351\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04fe355 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"04fe355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fatma Ebru Sar\u0131ca\u00a0&amp; N\u0131hat Tosun<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8ff35f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d8ff35f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c77b32 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c77b32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Islamic Family Law in Practice: Religious Guidance Services in Turkiye<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76d565a elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"76d565a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd4adf3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd4adf3\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd4adf3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd4adf3\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd4adf3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd4adf3\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd4adf3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd4adf3\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5c052b9\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-5c052b96a237dfd4adf3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5c052b96a237dfd4adf3\" href=\"#Content-5c052b96a237dfd4adf3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5c052b96a237dfd4adf3\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd4adf3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd4adf3\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd4adf3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd4adf3\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd4adf3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd4adf3\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd4adf3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd4adf3\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd4adf3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd4adf3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 41-56\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.351\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.351<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd4adf3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd4adf3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 18.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 13.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022 Accepted: 17.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5c052b9 \" id=\"content-5c052b96a237dfd4adf3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5c052b96a237dfd4adf3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Fatma Ebru Sar\u0131ca &amp; N\u0131hat Tosun. 2026. Islamic family law in practice: Religious guidance services in Turkiye. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 41-56.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd4adf3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd4adf3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This study explores how Muslims in Turkiye navigate the moral and religious complexities of marriage and divorce when Islamic legal norms diverge from state civil law. Drawing on applications submitted to Family and Religious Guidance Bureaus between 2019 and 2024, this research employs a mixed-methods design combining application record analysis with in-depth interviews with Diyanet personnel. The findings reveal that a substantial proportion of applicants seek guidance specifically because Islamic legal institutions such as talaq, mahr, and iddah lack direct equivalents in civil law, creating situations of normative uncertainty. Applicants caught between these two legal systems often experience genuine moral distress, particularly when their religious status diverges from their civil legal status. Thematic analysis identified four strategic approaches that personnel employ to help applicants navigate this legal pluralism, including informing and enlightenment, conciliatory bridge-building, religious-legal balance seeking, and institutional boundary determination. The study demonstrates that guidance bureaus function as crucial intermediary spaces where citizens reconcile their religious obligations with civil legal requirements. These findings contribute to understanding how religious guidance institutions mediate the tensions inherent in legal pluralism, though approaches tailored to the diverse needs of different demographic groups require further development.<\/p><p>\u00a0<strong>Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>Islamic family law, legal pluralism, moral negotiation, religious guidance, Turkiye<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd4adf3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd4adf3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Fatma%20IJIT%20vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 41-56\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.351\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.351<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 18.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 13.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022 Accepted: 17.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Fatma Ebru Sar\u0131ca &amp; N\u0131hat Tosun. 2026. Islamic family law in practice: Religious guidance services in Turkiye. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 41-56.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This study explores how Muslims in Turkiye navigate the moral and religious complexities of marriage and divorce when Islamic legal norms diverge from state civil law. Drawing on applications submitted to Family and Religious Guidance Bureaus between 2019 and 2024, this research employs a mixed-methods design combining application record analysis with in-depth interviews with Diyanet personnel. The findings reveal that a substantial proportion of applicants seek guidance specifically because Islamic legal institutions such as talaq, mahr, and iddah lack direct equivalents in civil law, creating situations of normative uncertainty. Applicants caught between these two legal systems often experience genuine moral distress, particularly when their religious status diverges from their civil legal status. Thematic analysis identified four strategic approaches that personnel employ to help applicants navigate this legal pluralism, including informing and enlightenment, conciliatory bridge-building, religious-legal balance seeking, and institutional boundary determination. The study demonstrates that guidance bureaus function as crucial intermediary spaces where citizens reconcile their religious obligations with civil legal requirements. These findings contribute to understanding how religious guidance institutions mediate the tensions inherent in legal pluralism, though approaches tailored to the diverse needs of different demographic groups require further development.<\/p><p>\u00a0<strong>Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>Islamic family law, legal pluralism, moral negotiation, religious guidance, Turkiye<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Fatma%20IJIT%20vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddf1efa elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ddf1efa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 352\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4fe041 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d4fe041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gazali Gazali, Yelfi Dewi S, Rina Rehayati &amp; Rahmad Tri Hadi<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-953c67f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"953c67f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8beaae3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8beaae3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Digitalization of the Teachings of the Naqsyabandhi Haqqani Tariqah in Indonesian Urban Society<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12e1ae2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"12e1ae2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd4de96-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd4de96\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd4de96\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd4de96\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd4de96-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd4de96\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd4de96\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd4de96\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5a9bcc0\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-5a9bcc06a237dfd4de96-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5a9bcc06a237dfd4de96\" href=\"#Content-5a9bcc06a237dfd4de96\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5a9bcc06a237dfd4de96\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd4de96-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd4de96\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd4de96\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd4de96\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd4de96-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd4de96\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd4de96\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd4de96\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd4de96\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd4de96-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 57-74\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.352\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.352<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd4de96\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd4de96-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 24.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 28.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 13.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5a9bcc0 \" id=\"content-5a9bcc06a237dfd4de96\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5a9bcc06a237dfd4de96-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Gazali Gazali, Yelfi Dewi S, Rina Rehayati &amp; Rahmad Tri Hadi. 2026. Digitalization of the teachings of the Naqsyabandhi Haqqani Tariqah in Indonesian urban society. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 57-74.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd4de96\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd4de96-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This article aims to explore how the teachings of the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Tariqah are being digitalized and disseminated within Indonesian urban society. It highlights the transformation of Sufi practices in digital spaces and the role of information technology in bridging spiritual teachings with modern urban life. The study employs a qualitative approach using digital ethnography. Data were collected through participant observation on digital platforms (YouTube, WhatsApp, and other social media), in-depth interviews with disciples and tariqah administrators, and content analysis of digital materials produced by the Naqshbandi Haqqani community. The main focus is on how digital da&#8217;wah is conducted and how the tariqah&#8217;s messages are received and interpreted by an urban, digitally connected audience. The findings show that digitalization has opened new spaces for the expansion of the tariqah in major Indonesian cities. Spiritual teachings, dzikr (remembrance), and sermons are now instantly accessible, blurring the boundaries between sacred and profane spaces. Digital media not only serves as a means of dissemination but also shapes new ways of experiencing spirituality in the modern era. Moreover, the use of symbols, visual language, and the distinctive aesthetics of the tariqah strengthens the community&#8217;s digital identity. In conclusion, digitalization is not merely a tool for dissemination but has become an integral part of the reformation of Sufi identity in contemporary urban society.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong><strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>Digitalization, Naqsyabandhi Haqqani Tariqah, tariqah teachings, urban society<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd4de96\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd4de96-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Ghazali%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 57-74\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.352\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.352<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 24.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 28.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 13.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Gazali Gazali, Yelfi Dewi S, Rina Rehayati &amp; Rahmad Tri Hadi. 2026. Digitalization of the teachings of the Naqsyabandhi Haqqani Tariqah in Indonesian urban society. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 57-74.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This article aims to explore how the teachings of the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Tariqah are being digitalized and disseminated within Indonesian urban society. It highlights the transformation of Sufi practices in digital spaces and the role of information technology in bridging spiritual teachings with modern urban life. The study employs a qualitative approach using digital ethnography. Data were collected through participant observation on digital platforms (YouTube, WhatsApp, and other social media), in-depth interviews with disciples and tariqah administrators, and content analysis of digital materials produced by the Naqshbandi Haqqani community. The main focus is on how digital da'wah is conducted and how the tariqah's messages are received and interpreted by an urban, digitally connected audience. The findings show that digitalization has opened new spaces for the expansion of the tariqah in major Indonesian cities. Spiritual teachings, dzikr (remembrance), and sermons are now instantly accessible, blurring the boundaries between sacred and profane spaces. Digital media not only serves as a means of dissemination but also shapes new ways of experiencing spirituality in the modern era. Moreover, the use of symbols, visual language, and the distinctive aesthetics of the tariqah strengthens the community's digital identity. In conclusion, digitalization is not merely a tool for dissemination but has become an integral part of the reformation of Sufi identity in contemporary urban society.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong><strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>Digitalization, Naqsyabandhi Haqqani Tariqah, tariqah teachings, urban society<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Ghazali%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21dbc3c elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"21dbc3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 353\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c2c246 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c2c246\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ho\u00e0ng Th\u1ecb Th\u00f9y D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0&amp; L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hi\u1ec1n<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba7c4b9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ba7c4b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-450fe90 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"450fe90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Islamic Symbols in <i>Salam! Greetings to Persia<\/i> by H\u1ed3 Anh Th\u00e1i<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0baa97c elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"0baa97c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd50f97-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd50f97\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd50f97\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd50f97\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd50f97-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd50f97\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd50f97\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd50f97\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7fad298\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-7fad2986a237dfd50f97-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-7fad2986a237dfd50f97\" href=\"#Content-7fad2986a237dfd50f97\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-7fad2986a237dfd50f97\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd50f97-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd50f97\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd50f97\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd50f97\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd50f97-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd50f97\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd50f97\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd50f97\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd50f97\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd50f97-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 75-86\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.353<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd50f97\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd50f97-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 30.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 02.01.2026 \u2022 Accepted: 17.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-7fad298 \" id=\"content-7fad2986a237dfd50f97\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-7fad2986a237dfd50f97-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Ho\u00e0ng Th\u1ecb Th\u00f9y D\u01b0\u01a1ng &amp; L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hi\u1ec1n. 2026. \u00a0Islamic symbols in <em>Salam! Greetings to Persia <\/em>by H\u1ed3 Anh Th\u00e1i. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 75-86.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd50f97\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd50f97-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>Islamic symbols are a profound source of spiritual and artistic inspiration in world literature. Salam! Greetings to Persia by H\u1ed3 Anh Th\u00e1i records the author\u2019s journey to Iran, exploring layers of cultural, historical, and religious meaning. This study investigates how Islamic symbols function in the work through three dimensions \u2013 spiritual, ritual, and material \u2013 employing symbolic and myth criticism as interpretive frameworks. The analysis identifies recurring images such as light, prayer, and journey as narrative codes that express the author\u2019s engagement with Persian culture. Findings show that these symbols not only embody Islamic spiritual and cultural values but are also reinterpreted through a modern Vietnamese sensibility, reflecting intercultural dialogue. This study contributes to understanding how Vietnamese literature interacts with Islamic civilization and broadens the comparative scope of contemporary travel writing. By decoding these symbolic layers, the research highlights H\u1ed3 Anh Th\u00e1i\u2019s creative approach to cross-cultural representation.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>H\u1ed3 Anh Th\u00e1i, Islamic symbols, Iran, Persia, Vietnam<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd50f97\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd50f97-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Hoang%20Thi%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 75-86\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.353\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.353<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 30.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 02.01.2026 \u2022 Accepted: 17.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Ho\u00e0ng Th\u1ecb Th\u00f9y D\u01b0\u01a1ng &amp; L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hi\u1ec1n. 2026. \u00a0Islamic symbols in <em>Salam! Greetings to Persia <\/em>by H\u1ed3 Anh Th\u00e1i. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 75-86.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>Islamic symbols are a profound source of spiritual and artistic inspiration in world literature. Salam! Greetings to Persia by H\u1ed3 Anh Th\u00e1i records the author\u2019s journey to Iran, exploring layers of cultural, historical, and religious meaning. This study investigates how Islamic symbols function in the work through three dimensions \u2013 spiritual, ritual, and material \u2013 employing symbolic and myth criticism as interpretive frameworks. The analysis identifies recurring images such as light, prayer, and journey as narrative codes that express the author\u2019s engagement with Persian culture. Findings show that these symbols not only embody Islamic spiritual and cultural values but are also reinterpreted through a modern Vietnamese sensibility, reflecting intercultural dialogue. This study contributes to understanding how Vietnamese literature interacts with Islamic civilization and broadens the comparative scope of contemporary travel writing. By decoding these symbolic layers, the research highlights H\u1ed3 Anh Th\u00e1i\u2019s creative approach to cross-cultural representation.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>H\u1ed3 Anh Th\u00e1i, Islamic symbols, Iran, Persia, Vietnam<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Hoang%20Thi%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e01436a elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e01436a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 354\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4499a72 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4499a72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ibrahim Majdi Mohamad Kamil<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94f43c0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"94f43c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77cef40 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77cef40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Strengthening Usuluddin in Responding to Postmodernism and Post-Normal Challenges<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cca596 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"4cca596\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd54068-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd54068\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd54068\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd54068\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd54068-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd54068\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd54068\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd54068\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-4bb03e2\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-4bb03e26a237dfd54068-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-4bb03e26a237dfd54068\" href=\"#Content-4bb03e26a237dfd54068\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-4bb03e26a237dfd54068\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd54068-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd54068\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd54068\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd54068\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd54068-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd54068\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd54068\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd54068\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd54068\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd54068-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 87-96\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.354\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.354<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd54068\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd54068-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 29.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 15.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 30.04.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-4bb03e2 \" id=\"content-4bb03e26a237dfd54068\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-4bb03e26a237dfd54068-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Ibrahim Majdi Mohamad Kamil. 2026. Strengthening usuluddin in responding to Postmodernism and Post-normal challenges.<em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 87-96.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd54068\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd54068-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract: <\/strong>This article examines the reinforcement of Usuluddin in addressing epistemological challenges posed by postmodernism and the post-normal era. Postmodernism, marked by skepticism toward meta-narratives and the relativization of truth, undermines the unity of meaning and the hierarchical structure of knowledge central to Islamic thought. Meanwhile, the post-normal condition introduces radical uncertainty, conflicting values, and non-linear change, demanding adaptive yet principled responses. Using a qualitative approach through philosophical and documentary analysis, this study engages classical sources (kalam, tawhid traditions) and contemporary thinkers (Lyotard, Foucault, Sardar, al-Attas, Nasr). Existing studies on Usuluddin often remain doctrinal and may not integrate responses to post-normal complexity and technological ethics. This article addresses this gap by proposing a structured approach to rearticulate Usuluddin as a dynamic epistemic system. The findings indicate that strengthening Usuluddin requires more than preserving tradition,it contributes by outlining a threefold strategy which are purifying tawhidic epistemology, expanding the Islamic worldview to contemporary domains such as artificial intelligence, digital media, and ecology, and restructuring methodology and knowledge governance. This normative framework enables Muslim societies to navigate uncertainty and fragmentation while maintaining fidelity to revelation and ethical principles.<\/p><p>\u00a0<strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Epistemology, Islamic worldview,\u00a0 postmodernism, post-normal era, Usuluddin<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd54068\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd54068-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Ibrahim%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 87-96\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.354\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.354<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 29.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 15.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 30.04.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Ibrahim Majdi Mohamad Kamil. 2026. Strengthening usuluddin in responding to Postmodernism and Post-normal challenges.<em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 87-96.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract: <\/strong>This article examines the reinforcement of Usuluddin in addressing epistemological challenges posed by postmodernism and the post-normal era. Postmodernism, marked by skepticism toward meta-narratives and the relativization of truth, undermines the unity of meaning and the hierarchical structure of knowledge central to Islamic thought. Meanwhile, the post-normal condition introduces radical uncertainty, conflicting values, and non-linear change, demanding adaptive yet principled responses. Using a qualitative approach through philosophical and documentary analysis, this study engages classical sources (kalam, tawhid traditions) and contemporary thinkers (Lyotard, Foucault, Sardar, al-Attas, Nasr). Existing studies on Usuluddin often remain doctrinal and may not integrate responses to post-normal complexity and technological ethics. This article addresses this gap by proposing a structured approach to rearticulate Usuluddin as a dynamic epistemic system. The findings indicate that strengthening Usuluddin requires more than preserving tradition,it contributes by outlining a threefold strategy which are purifying tawhidic epistemology, expanding the Islamic worldview to contemporary domains such as artificial intelligence, digital media, and ecology, and restructuring methodology and knowledge governance. This normative framework enables Muslim societies to navigate uncertainty and fragmentation while maintaining fidelity to revelation and ethical principles.<\/p><p>\u00a0<strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Epistemology, Islamic worldview,\u00a0 postmodernism, post-normal era, Usuluddin<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Ibrahim%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e874a47 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e874a47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 355\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-494f02a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"494f02a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iznan Tarip<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d8abfd elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1d8abfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b12a3f6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b12a3f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Exploring Contemporary Muallaf (Dis)Empowerment within Brunei\u2019s Islamic Governance: An Islamic Critical Realist Perspective<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b8a3d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"4b8a3d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd5709e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd5709e\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd5709e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd5709e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd5709e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd5709e\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd5709e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd5709e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-cc9d40c\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-cc9d40c6a237dfd5709e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-cc9d40c6a237dfd5709e\" href=\"#Content-cc9d40c6a237dfd5709e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-cc9d40c6a237dfd5709e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd5709e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd5709e\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd5709e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd5709e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd5709e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd5709e\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd5709e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd5709e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd5709e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd5709e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 97-109\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.355<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd5709e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd5709e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 21.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 15.03.2026 \u2022 Accepted: 30.04.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-cc9d40c \" id=\"content-cc9d40c6a237dfd5709e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-cc9d40c6a237dfd5709e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Azad Aref Raouf Qazaz. 2026. Exploring contemporary<em> Muallaf <\/em>(dis)empowerment within Brunei\u2019s Islamic governance: An Islamic critical realist perspective. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 97-109.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd5709e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd5709e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract: <\/strong>Muslim muallaf (rivert) is a unique identity, distinct from a convert or revert. Muallaf can experience life as a Muslim minority in a Muslim majority. Unfortunately, muallaf may face disempowerment, even in an Islamic governance system that provides zakat funding to them. To address this issue, the author examines the nature of the contemporary muallaf identity and how it can be empowered in an Islamic governance system. The case study methodology is chosen, underpinned by Islamic critical realist philosophy. The case of muallaf (dis)empowerment in Brunei Darussalam is presented to elicit the underlying governance mechanisms, which were constructed from secondary data, including official documents and news articles, and primary data collected from a focus group with 10 diverse muallaf residing in Brunei. Then, thematic analysis was conducted, and the governance mechanisms were categorized into two: empowerment and disempowerment. From the study, it is found that both mechanisms impact muallaf simultaneously. Additionally, the muallaf identity is not suppressed or diffused in the Muslim majority community but is lying dormant due to the lack of engagement. To empower a muallaf community-of-practice, Islamic governance needs to not only distribute zakat and provide support, but also to provide platforms for them to contribute back to the wider society. The significance of the research is the call for maximizing muallaf\u2019s potential in developing Islamic governance beyond zakat management.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Brunei, empowerment, Islamic governance, muallaf, Muslim minority<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd5709e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd5709e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Iznan%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 97-109\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.355\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.355<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 21.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 15.03.2026 \u2022 Accepted: 30.04.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Azad Aref Raouf Qazaz. 2026. Exploring contemporary<em> Muallaf <\/em>(dis)empowerment within Brunei\u2019s Islamic governance: An Islamic critical realist perspective. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 97-109.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract: <\/strong>Muslim muallaf (rivert) is a unique identity, distinct from a convert or revert. Muallaf can experience life as a Muslim minority in a Muslim majority. Unfortunately, muallaf may face disempowerment, even in an Islamic governance system that provides zakat funding to them. To address this issue, the author examines the nature of the contemporary muallaf identity and how it can be empowered in an Islamic governance system. The case study methodology is chosen, underpinned by Islamic critical realist philosophy. The case of muallaf (dis)empowerment in Brunei Darussalam is presented to elicit the underlying governance mechanisms, which were constructed from secondary data, including official documents and news articles, and primary data collected from a focus group with 10 diverse muallaf residing in Brunei. Then, thematic analysis was conducted, and the governance mechanisms were categorized into two: empowerment and disempowerment. From the study, it is found that both mechanisms impact muallaf simultaneously. Additionally, the muallaf identity is not suppressed or diffused in the Muslim majority community but is lying dormant due to the lack of engagement. To empower a muallaf community-of-practice, Islamic governance needs to not only distribute zakat and provide support, but also to provide platforms for them to contribute back to the wider society. The significance of the research is the call for maximizing muallaf\u2019s potential in developing Islamic governance beyond zakat management.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Brunei, empowerment, Islamic governance, muallaf, Muslim minority<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Iznan%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f804637 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f804637\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 356\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-920b4e3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"920b4e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Meis Al-Kaisi<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e25c34 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3e25c34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9900e95 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9900e95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDigital Dervishes in the Classroom: Teaching Sufism through\u00a0Digital Pedagogy in Higher Education\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cedf9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"4cedf9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd5a0ab-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd5a0ab\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd5a0ab\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd5a0ab\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd5a0ab-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd5a0ab\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd5a0ab\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd5a0ab\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-c5e0b3c\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-c5e0b3c6a237dfd5a0ab-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-c5e0b3c6a237dfd5a0ab\" href=\"#Content-c5e0b3c6a237dfd5a0ab\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-c5e0b3c6a237dfd5a0ab\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd5a0ab-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd5a0ab\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd5a0ab\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd5a0ab\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd5a0ab-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd5a0ab\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd5a0ab\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd5a0ab\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd5a0ab\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd5a0ab-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 110-126\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.356\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.356<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd5a0ab\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd5a0ab-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 10.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 26.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 05.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-c5e0b3c \" id=\"content-c5e0b3c6a237dfd5a0ab\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-c5e0b3c6a237dfd5a0ab-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Meis Al-Kaisi. 2026. Digital Dervishes in the classroom: Teaching Sufism through digital pedagogy in higher education. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 110-126.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd5a0ab\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd5a0ab-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This study examines how digital pedagogy transforms Sufism education in higher education through redesigning a 300-level undergraduate course. It addresses two research questions: Firstly, how can digital tools facilitate deeper understanding of Sufism as historical and contemporary phenomenon? Secondly, how does digital media reshape student engagement with Sufi texts, practices, and communities? The study employed a qualitative case study design, analyzing data from 25 undergraduate students enrolled in a redesigned Sufism course at American University of Sharjah during Spring 2025. Data sources included student multimedia projects, digital ethnographies, and virtual museum exhibits. Findings revealed that digital storytelling, online fieldwork, and collaborative media projects significantly enhanced student engagement, interpretive depth, and intercultural awareness. Students demonstrated improved ability to analyze religious experience beyond textual boundaries and critically assess Sufi social media presence. Digital pedagogy establishes a replicable model for exploring Sufism as a lived, networked phenomenon, enhancing inclusivity and digital literacy while reshaping the epistemological contours of how Sufism is studied and experienced.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Digital pedagogy, digital religion, networked religion, social media and spirituality, Sufism online, virtual communities.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd5a0ab\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd5a0ab-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Meis%20Ijit%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 110-126\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.356\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.356<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 10.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 26.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 05.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Meis Al-Kaisi. 2026. Digital Dervishes in the classroom: Teaching Sufism through digital pedagogy in higher education. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 110-126.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This study examines how digital pedagogy transforms Sufism education in higher education through redesigning a 300-level undergraduate course. It addresses two research questions: Firstly, how can digital tools facilitate deeper understanding of Sufism as historical and contemporary phenomenon? Secondly, how does digital media reshape student engagement with Sufi texts, practices, and communities? The study employed a qualitative case study design, analyzing data from 25 undergraduate students enrolled in a redesigned Sufism course at American University of Sharjah during Spring 2025. Data sources included student multimedia projects, digital ethnographies, and virtual museum exhibits. Findings revealed that digital storytelling, online fieldwork, and collaborative media projects significantly enhanced student engagement, interpretive depth, and intercultural awareness. Students demonstrated improved ability to analyze religious experience beyond textual boundaries and critically assess Sufi social media presence. Digital pedagogy establishes a replicable model for exploring Sufism as a lived, networked phenomenon, enhancing inclusivity and digital literacy while reshaping the epistemological contours of how Sufism is studied and experienced.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Digital pedagogy, digital religion, networked religion, social media and spirituality, Sufism online, virtual communities.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Meis%20Ijit%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb634ec elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"eb634ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 357\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40b1530 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40b1530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mohamed Bendari<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8607933 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8607933\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a5fd37 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a5fd37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Impact of Islamic and Social Traditions on Women&#8217;s Work Rules in the Balance of International Standards<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ce853e elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"1ce853e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd5d056-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd5d056\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd5d056\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd5d056\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd5d056-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd5d056\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd5d056\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd5d056\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-ba4aeb7\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-ba4aeb76a237dfd5d056-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-ba4aeb76a237dfd5d056\" href=\"#Content-ba4aeb76a237dfd5d056\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-ba4aeb76a237dfd5d056\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd5d056-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd5d056\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd5d056\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd5d056\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd5d056-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd5d056\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd5d056\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd5d056\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd5d056\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd5d056-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 127-136\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.357\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.357<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd5d056\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd5d056-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 03.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 02.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 29.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-ba4aeb7 \" id=\"content-ba4aeb76a237dfd5d056\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-ba4aeb76a237dfd5d056-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p>Mohamed Bendari. 2026. The impact of Islamic and social traditions on women&#8217;s work rules in the balance of international standards. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 127-136.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd5d056\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd5d056-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract: <\/strong>The regulations governing women&#8217;s work in some Islamic countries, such as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, were influenced by Islam and social traditions. For instance, a Muslim female worker whose husband passed away was granted a mourning leave, while a non-Muslim female worker was denied this leave. Additionally, social customs influenced the regulations, prohibiting women from working at night while allowing men to do so. Despite previous studies on women&#8217;s work, none have examined the influence of Islam and social customs, nor the extent to which it aligns with human rights and international labour standards, creating a research gap that the study aims to fill. The subject was studied using analytical and comparative methods, in which the texts of the laws were analysed and compared with international labour standards and human rights. The article concluded that labour laws include discrimination against women based on religion at times and based on gender at other times. Therefore, the article recommends the necessity of reviewing and amending women&#8217;s work regulations to achieve the principle of equality.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>Discrimination against women, discrimination based on gender, discrimination based on religion, women&#8217;s mourning leave, women&#8217;s night work.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd5d056\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd5d056-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Mohamed%20Bendari%20IJIT%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 127-136\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.357\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.357<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 03.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 02.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 29.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Mohamed Bendari. 2026. The impact of Islamic and social traditions on women's work rules in the balance of international standards. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 127-136.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract: <\/strong>The regulations governing women's work in some Islamic countries, such as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, were influenced by Islam and social traditions. For instance, a Muslim female worker whose husband passed away was granted a mourning leave, while a non-Muslim female worker was denied this leave. Additionally, social customs influenced the regulations, prohibiting women from working at night while allowing men to do so. Despite previous studies on women's work, none have examined the influence of Islam and social customs, nor the extent to which it aligns with human rights and international labour standards, creating a research gap that the study aims to fill. The subject was studied using analytical and comparative methods, in which the texts of the laws were analysed and compared with international labour standards and human rights. The article concluded that labour laws include discrimination against women based on religion at times and based on gender at other times. Therefore, the article recommends the necessity of reviewing and amending women's work regulations to achieve the principle of equality.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>Discrimination against women, discrimination based on gender, discrimination based on religion, women's mourning leave, women's night work.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Mohamed%20Bendari%20IJIT%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bd6a1b elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0bd6a1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 358\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9ad2af elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9ad2af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim, Nur Asmadayana Hasim, Kipli Yassin\u00a0&amp; Badli Shah Alauddin<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c829c83 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c829c83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c2fa5a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c2fa5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Food Hygiene in Islamic Jurisprudence: Analyzing Halal and Haram Classification through Shariah Principles<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5840f77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"5840f77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd600ff-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd600ff\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd600ff\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd600ff\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd600ff-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd600ff\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd600ff\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd600ff\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-33fd411\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-33fd4116a237dfd600ff-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-33fd4116a237dfd600ff\" href=\"#Content-33fd4116a237dfd600ff\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-33fd4116a237dfd600ff\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd600ff-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd600ff\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd600ff\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd600ff\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd600ff-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd600ff\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd600ff\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd600ff\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd600ff\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd600ff-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 137-146\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.358\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.358<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd600ff\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd600ff-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 15.10.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 13.01.2026 \u2022 Accepted: 01.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-33fd411 \" id=\"content-33fd4116a237dfd600ff\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-33fd4116a237dfd600ff-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim, Nur Asmadayana Hasim, Kipli Yassin&amp; Badli Shah Alauddin. 2026. Food hygiene in Islamic jurisprudence: Analyzing halal and haram classification through shariah principles. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 137-146.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd600ff\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd600ff-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>The Quran and Sunnah emphasise the preservation of bodily health as a foundation for fulfilling both worldly and religious responsibilities. Central to this objective is the consumption of food that is clean and lawful (halal), which serves to protect individuals from harm and disease. However, in practice, the cleanliness and purity of food and its sources are often uncertain. Contemporary halal discourse frequently interprets cleanliness and purity in narrowly legal terms, with limited consideration of broader issues related to food hygiene and safety. This narrow approach exposes a critical gap between Islamic legal rulings and public health perspectives. This study addresses the gap by critically examining Islamic rulings on food cleanliness in determining halal and haram classifications. Employing a qualitative descriptive methodology, the study draws on classical Islamic jurisprudence, contemporary scholarly writings, peer-reviewed academic literature, and credible online sources. Insights are informed by authoritative references from both Shariah jurists and scientific experts. The findings reveal that Islamic rulings on food provide a comprehensive ethical and legal framework that prioritises cleanliness, safety, and the prevention of harm. This framework conceptualises halal as an integrative principle that aligns spiritual accountability with modern concerns in food hygiene and public health. The study contributes to Islamic scholarship by promoting a holistic understanding of halal that bridges Islamic jurisprudence with contemporary food safety and public health discourse.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Food, halal, hygiene, scientific, shariah<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd600ff\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd600ff-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Mohd%20Izhar%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 137-146\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.358\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.358<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 15.10.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 13.01.2026 \u2022 Accepted: 01.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim, Nur Asmadayana Hasim, Kipli Yassin&amp; Badli Shah Alauddin. 2026. Food hygiene in Islamic jurisprudence: Analyzing halal and haram classification through shariah principles. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 137-146.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>The Quran and Sunnah emphasise the preservation of bodily health as a foundation for fulfilling both worldly and religious responsibilities. Central to this objective is the consumption of food that is clean and lawful (halal), which serves to protect individuals from harm and disease. However, in practice, the cleanliness and purity of food and its sources are often uncertain. Contemporary halal discourse frequently interprets cleanliness and purity in narrowly legal terms, with limited consideration of broader issues related to food hygiene and safety. This narrow approach exposes a critical gap between Islamic legal rulings and public health perspectives. This study addresses the gap by critically examining Islamic rulings on food cleanliness in determining halal and haram classifications. Employing a qualitative descriptive methodology, the study draws on classical Islamic jurisprudence, contemporary scholarly writings, peer-reviewed academic literature, and credible online sources. Insights are informed by authoritative references from both Shariah jurists and scientific experts. The findings reveal that Islamic rulings on food provide a comprehensive ethical and legal framework that prioritises cleanliness, safety, and the prevention of harm. This framework conceptualises halal as an integrative principle that aligns spiritual accountability with modern concerns in food hygiene and public health. The study contributes to Islamic scholarship by promoting a holistic understanding of halal that bridges Islamic jurisprudence with contemporary food safety and public health discourse.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Food, halal, hygiene, scientific, shariah<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Mohd%20Izhar%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-920713a elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"920713a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 359\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec4efa1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec4efa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mohd Syahmir Alias<sup>\u00a0<\/sup>&amp; Mohammad Zulfakhairi Mokthar<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bab15a8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bab15a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38bc979 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38bc979\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Abstracting Intention in Islamic Research: Insights from al-Ghazali\u2019s Epistemological-Ethical Framework<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae12835 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"ae12835\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd632ba-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd632ba\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd632ba\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd632ba\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd632ba-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd632ba\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd632ba\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd632ba\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd632ba-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-7a9da236a237dfd632ba\" href=\"#Content-7a9da236a237dfd632ba\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-7a9da236a237dfd632ba\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd632ba-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd632ba\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd632ba\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd632ba\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd632ba-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd632ba\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd632ba\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd632ba\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd632ba\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd632ba-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 147-162\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.359\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.359<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd632ba\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd632ba-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 29.09.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 11.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 04.04.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23 \" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd632ba\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd632ba-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Mohd Syahmir Alias &amp; Mohammad Zulfakhairi Mokthar. 2026. Abstracting intention in Islamic research: Insights from al-Ghazali\u2019s epistemological-ethical framework. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 147-162.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd632ba\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd632ba-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>Within hadith literature, a sound narration warns that the corrupt intention (niyyah) of a Muslim scholar may lead to condemnation in the Hereafter. This ethical concern highlights the central role of intention in Islamic intellectual life and provides the backdrop for examining its meaning in the pursuit of knowledge. Al-Ghazali, an eminent figure in Islamic thought, conceives intention not merely as a moral imperative but also as an epistemic condition shaping the orientation and ultimate purpose of knowledge. Although his conception of intention has been widely discussed in theological and practical contexts, its potential as a foundation for research remains largely overlooked. Consequently, the epistemological and ethical dimensions that could guide Islamic research are often underdeveloped, with discourse tending to emphasize paradigmatic alternatives rather than the spiritual and intellectual orientation that gives research its integrity. In response, this article examines al-Ghazali\u2019s perspective on intention and its implications for the practice of Islamic research. Two objectives guide the study: first, to delineate al-Ghazali\u2019s account of intention; and second, to assess its implications for research as an ethical practice. Using qualitative thematic analysis of al-Ghazali\u2019s key texts, the study finds that intention consists of knowledge (\u2018ilm) and will (iradah), both of which must be harmonized to achieve sincerity (ikhla\u1e63). The findings highlight research as a spiritually grounded activity in which etiquette (adab) and passion (\u2018ishq) yield enduring benefit (barakah), reaffirming the epistemic and ethical unity of the Islamic scholarly tradition.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Adab, al-Ghazali, epistemology, ethics, intention<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd632ba\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd632ba-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Mohd%20Syahmir%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 147-162\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.359\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.359<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 29.09.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 11.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 04.04.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Mohd Syahmir Alias &amp; Mohammad Zulfakhairi Mokthar. 2026. Abstracting intention in Islamic research: Insights from al-Ghazali\u2019s epistemological-ethical framework. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 147-162.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>Within hadith literature, a sound narration warns that the corrupt intention (niyyah) of a Muslim scholar may lead to condemnation in the Hereafter. This ethical concern highlights the central role of intention in Islamic intellectual life and provides the backdrop for examining its meaning in the pursuit of knowledge. Al-Ghazali, an eminent figure in Islamic thought, conceives intention not merely as a moral imperative but also as an epistemic condition shaping the orientation and ultimate purpose of knowledge. Although his conception of intention has been widely discussed in theological and practical contexts, its potential as a foundation for research remains largely overlooked. Consequently, the epistemological and ethical dimensions that could guide Islamic research are often underdeveloped, with discourse tending to emphasize paradigmatic alternatives rather than the spiritual and intellectual orientation that gives research its integrity. In response, this article examines al-Ghazali\u2019s perspective on intention and its implications for the practice of Islamic research. Two objectives guide the study: first, to delineate al-Ghazali\u2019s account of intention; and second, to assess its implications for research as an ethical practice. Using qualitative thematic analysis of al-Ghazali\u2019s key texts, the study finds that intention consists of knowledge (\u2018ilm) and will (iradah), both of which must be harmonized to achieve sincerity (ikhla\u1e63). The findings highlight research as a spiritually grounded activity in which etiquette (adab) and passion (\u2018ishq) yield enduring benefit (barakah), reaffirming the epistemic and ethical unity of the Islamic scholarly tradition.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Adab, al-Ghazali, epistemology, ethics, intention<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Mohd%20Syahmir%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2018833 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2018833\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 360\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-684d693 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"684d693\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mohd Zuhaili Kamal Basir, Fariza Md. Sham, Nur A\u2019thiroh Masyaa\u2019il Tan Abdullah @ Tan Ai Pao\u00a0&amp; Isdawati Ismail<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cedb9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"48cedb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4532f79 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4532f79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Development of a Conceptual Framework for <em>Had Ta\u2019lif<\/em> of Muslim Converts (Mualaf) in Sarawak, Malaysia<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-633d6c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"633d6c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd6653b-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd6653b\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd6653b\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd6653b\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd6653b-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd6653b\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd6653b\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd6653b\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd6653b-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-7a9da236a237dfd6653b\" href=\"#Content-7a9da236a237dfd6653b\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-7a9da236a237dfd6653b\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd6653b-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd6653b\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd6653b\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd6653b\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd6653b-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd6653b\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd6653b\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd6653b\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd6653b\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd6653b-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 163-181\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.360<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd6653b\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd6653b-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 02.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 30.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 28.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23 \" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd6653b\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd6653b-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Mohd Zuhaili Kamal Basir, Fariza Md. Sham, Nur A\u2019thiroh Masyaa\u2019il Tan Abdullah @ Tan Ai Pao &amp; Isdawati Ismail. 2026. <strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Development of a conceptual framework for <em>had ta\u2019lif<\/em> of Muslim Converts (Mualaf) in Sarawak, Malaysia<strong>. <\/strong><em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 163-181.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd6653b\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd6653b-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This study proposes a conceptual framework to define the limits of ta\u2019lif for Muslim converts (muallaf) in Sarawak, grounded in local socio-cultural conditions and community realities. The absence of a clearly defined duration for muallaf status has resulted in inconsistencies in zakat distribution, welfare assessment, and religious guidance. To address this gap, the framework is structured around two core constructs: Had Kifayah (Sufficiency Threshold) and Had Ta\u2019alum (Learning Threshold). A sequential mixed-methods design was employed. The qualitative phase involved thematic synthesis of document analysis to develop the initial framework, followed by a quantitative assessment of content validity using the Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI.The validated framework demonstrates satisfactory content validity and integrates Had Kifayah (basic needs, cost of living, social support) and Had Ta\u2019alum (Islamic education, teaching aids, programme effectiveness, instructor competency). The framework is theoretically grounded in Maslow\u2019s Hierarchy of Needs, Mezirow\u2019s Transformative Learning Theory, and Maqasid Shariah, offering a context-sensitive foundation for zakat governance and policy development.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>:\u00a0Conceptual framework, mualaf, ta\u2019lif, Muslim converts, Sarawak<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd6653b\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd6653b-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Mohd%20Zuhaili%20IJIT%2029%20Jun3%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 163-181\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.360\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.360<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 02.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 30.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 28.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Mohd Zuhaili Kamal Basir, Fariza Md. Sham, Nur A\u2019thiroh Masyaa\u2019il Tan Abdullah @ Tan Ai Pao &amp; Isdawati Ismail. 2026. <strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Development of a conceptual framework for <em>had ta\u2019lif<\/em> of Muslim Converts (Mualaf) in Sarawak, Malaysia<strong>. <\/strong><em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 163-181.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This study proposes a conceptual framework to define the limits of ta\u2019lif for Muslim converts (muallaf) in Sarawak, grounded in local socio-cultural conditions and community realities. The absence of a clearly defined duration for muallaf status has resulted in inconsistencies in zakat distribution, welfare assessment, and religious guidance. To address this gap, the framework is structured around two core constructs: Had Kifayah (Sufficiency Threshold) and Had Ta\u2019alum (Learning Threshold). A sequential mixed-methods design was employed. The qualitative phase involved thematic synthesis of document analysis to develop the initial framework, followed by a quantitative assessment of content validity using the Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI.The validated framework demonstrates satisfactory content validity and integrates Had Kifayah (basic needs, cost of living, social support) and Had Ta\u2019alum (Islamic education, teaching aids, programme effectiveness, instructor competency). The framework is theoretically grounded in Maslow\u2019s Hierarchy of Needs, Mezirow\u2019s Transformative Learning Theory, and Maqasid Shariah, offering a context-sensitive foundation for zakat governance and policy development.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>:\u00a0Conceptual framework, mualaf, ta\u2019lif, Muslim converts, Sarawak<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Mohd%20Zuhaili%20IJIT%2029%20Jun3%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be03840 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"be03840\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 361\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfbfbba elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cfbfbba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Muhamad Faisal Ashaari, Nor Azlina Ibrahim, Mohamad Zulkifli Abdul Ghani\u00a0&amp; Kamarudin Salleh<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-518b5cd elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"518b5cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ffc1db elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ffc1db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Validating a Contextual Dakwah Framework for Multi-Ethnic Societies: A Fuzzy Delphi Study in Sarawak<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1492171 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"1492171\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd69686-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd69686\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd69686\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd69686\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd69686-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd69686\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd69686\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd69686\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd69686-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-7a9da236a237dfd69686\" href=\"#Content-7a9da236a237dfd69686\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-7a9da236a237dfd69686\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd69686-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd69686\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd69686\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd69686\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd69686-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd69686\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd69686\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd69686\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd69686\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd69686-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 182-195\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.361<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd69686\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd69686-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 15.10.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 14.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 29.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23 \" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd69686\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd69686-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Muhamad Faisal Ashaari, Nor Azlina Ibrahim, Mohamad Zulkifli Abdul Ghani &amp; Kamarudin Salleh 2026.\u00a0 Validating a contextual dakwah framework for multi-ethnic societies: A fuzzy delphi study in Sarawak. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 182-195.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd69686\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd69686-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>Dakwah (Islamic Preaching) in multi-ethnic societies presents distinct challenges due to cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity. Sarawak, a Malaysian state with over forty ethnic groups and a minority Muslim population, requires dakwah approaches that are locally embedded, culturally sensitive, and of intercommunal dynamics. Scholarship on Islamic dakwah in plural contexts often falls within two paradigms: one advocating inclusive coexistence, and another stressing doctrinal exclusivity rooted in Islam as the sole absolute truth. Within Malaysia\u2019s policy framework that leans towards the latter, it is vital to identify dakwah elements most relevant to multi-ethnic contexts such as Sarawak. This study employs the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to synthesise and validate elements of a contextual dakwah model. Sixteen experts\u2014religious officers, dakwah activists, and academicians\u2014participated in a consensus process. The analysis confirmed five validated elements: integration of indigenous customs, promotion of social harmony, community participation, embodiment of Islamic values through ethical action (dakwah bil \u1e25al), and use of local languages. All components met FDM thresholds with consensus above 75%. Findings highlight the need for a dialogic and inclusive dakwah model that strengthens trust and interethnic relationships. This study advances Islamic communication theory by providing an empirically validated model of dakwah tailored for plural societies.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Contextual dakwah, Fuzzy Delphi method, Islamic communication, multi-ethnic society, Sarawak<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd69686\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd69686-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Muhammad%20Faisal%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 182-195\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.361\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.361<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 15.10.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 14.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 29.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Muhamad Faisal Ashaari, Nor Azlina Ibrahim, Mohamad Zulkifli Abdul Ghani &amp; Kamarudin Salleh 2026.\u00a0 Validating a contextual dakwah framework for multi-ethnic societies: A fuzzy delphi study in Sarawak. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 182-195.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>Dakwah (Islamic Preaching) in multi-ethnic societies presents distinct challenges due to cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity. Sarawak, a Malaysian state with over forty ethnic groups and a minority Muslim population, requires dakwah approaches that are locally embedded, culturally sensitive, and of intercommunal dynamics. Scholarship on Islamic dakwah in plural contexts often falls within two paradigms: one advocating inclusive coexistence, and another stressing doctrinal exclusivity rooted in Islam as the sole absolute truth. Within Malaysia\u2019s policy framework that leans towards the latter, it is vital to identify dakwah elements most relevant to multi-ethnic contexts such as Sarawak. This study employs the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to synthesise and validate elements of a contextual dakwah model. Sixteen experts\u2014religious officers, dakwah activists, and academicians\u2014participated in a consensus process. The analysis confirmed five validated elements: integration of indigenous customs, promotion of social harmony, community participation, embodiment of Islamic values through ethical action (dakwah bil \u1e25al), and use of local languages. All components met FDM thresholds with consensus above 75%. Findings highlight the need for a dialogic and inclusive dakwah model that strengthens trust and interethnic relationships. This study advances Islamic communication theory by providing an empirically validated model of dakwah tailored for plural societies.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Contextual dakwah, Fuzzy Delphi method, Islamic communication, multi-ethnic society, Sarawak<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Muhammad%20Faisal%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75b083f elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"75b083f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 362\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-003cbd4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"003cbd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Muhammad Roflee Weahama, Zakariya Hama\u00a0&amp; Maroning Salaming<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49a8333 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"49a8333\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f66c52 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f66c52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i>Shariah<\/i> Governance Framework of Islamic Banking in Thailand: Implementation and Challenges<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca51c16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"ca51c16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd6c8d3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd6c8d3\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd6c8d3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd6c8d3\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd6c8d3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd6c8d3\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd6c8d3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd6c8d3\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd6c8d3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-7a9da236a237dfd6c8d3\" href=\"#Content-7a9da236a237dfd6c8d3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-7a9da236a237dfd6c8d3\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd6c8d3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd6c8d3\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd6c8d3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd6c8d3\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd6c8d3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd6c8d3\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd6c8d3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd6c8d3\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd6c8d3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd6c8d3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 196-207\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.362\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.362<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd6c8d3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd6c8d3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 15.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 29.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 10.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23 \" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd6c8d3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd6c8d3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Muhammad Roflee Weahama, Zakariya Hama &amp; Maroning Salaming<strong>. <\/strong>2026. <em>Shariah<\/em> governance framework of Islamic banking in Thailand: Implementation and challenges. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 196-207.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd6c8d3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd6c8d3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract: <\/strong>The Shariah Governance Framework is essential for ensuring Islamic banking\u2019s compliance with Shariah principles and maintaining ethical integrity. In Thailand, Islamic banking is developing as a niche sector serving the Muslim minority and fostering inclusive financial growth. This study investigates the implementation and challenges of the Shariah Governance Framework within Thai Islamic financial institutions. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study analyzes legal documents, institutional reports, and interviews with Shariah advisor, Shariah department officer, and senior executives of Islamic Financial Institution. Findings reveal that the current institutional-level governance model is inadequate and highlight the urgent need for a dual-tier system: a centralized national Shariah advisory body and strengthened internal Shariah governance structures. The research also examines the\u00a0Bank of Thailand\u2019s Notification on Shariah Governance for Full-Fledged and Islamic Window Banking, which mandates Shariah advisory appointments and governance structures but lacks detailed standards on independence, Shariah internal review, Shariah risk management, Shariah audit, and capacity building and capacity building, with political will and regulatory leadership identified as critical prerequisites for reinforcing the governance framework. It offers practical recommendations to strengthen Shariah compliance, governance integrity, and capacity development within Thailand\u2019s Islamic banking sector.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Islamic banking, Islamic windows, shariah governance framework, Thailand<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd6c8d3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd6c8d3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Muhammad%20Roflee%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 196-207\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.362\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.362<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 15.11.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 29.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 10.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Muhammad Roflee Weahama, Zakariya Hama &amp; Maroning Salaming<strong>. <\/strong>2026. <em>Shariah<\/em> governance framework of Islamic banking in Thailand: Implementation and challenges. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 196-207.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract: <\/strong>The Shariah Governance Framework is essential for ensuring Islamic banking\u2019s compliance with Shariah principles and maintaining ethical integrity. In Thailand, Islamic banking is developing as a niche sector serving the Muslim minority and fostering inclusive financial growth. This study investigates the implementation and challenges of the Shariah Governance Framework within Thai Islamic financial institutions. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study analyzes legal documents, institutional reports, and interviews with Shariah advisor, Shariah department officer, and senior executives of Islamic Financial Institution. Findings reveal that the current institutional-level governance model is inadequate and highlight the urgent need for a dual-tier system: a centralized national Shariah advisory body and strengthened internal Shariah governance structures. The research also examines the\u00a0Bank of Thailand\u2019s Notification on Shariah Governance for Full-Fledged and Islamic Window Banking, which mandates Shariah advisory appointments and governance structures but lacks detailed standards on independence, Shariah internal review, Shariah risk management, Shariah audit, and capacity building and capacity building, with political will and regulatory leadership identified as critical prerequisites for reinforcing the governance framework. It offers practical recommendations to strengthen Shariah compliance, governance integrity, and capacity development within Thailand\u2019s Islamic banking sector.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Islamic banking, Islamic windows, shariah governance framework, Thailand<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Muhammad%20Roflee%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b9f86c elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5b9f86c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 363\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b9ede2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b9ede2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mustafa Ayd\u0131n\u00a0&amp; \u0130brahim Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ffe9c2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0ffe9c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2da3bdc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2da3bdc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Methodological Convergences and the Problem of Distinction in the Riwayah and Dirayah Tafsir Traditions: The Case of Prophet Moses and al-Khidr<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02103bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"02103bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd6f9f4-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd6f9f4\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd6f9f4\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd6f9f4\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd6f9f4-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd6f9f4\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd6f9f4\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd6f9f4\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd6f9f4-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-7a9da236a237dfd6f9f4\" href=\"#Content-7a9da236a237dfd6f9f4\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-7a9da236a237dfd6f9f4\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd6f9f4-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd6f9f4\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd6f9f4\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd6f9f4\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd6f9f4-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd6f9f4\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd6f9f4\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd6f9f4\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd6f9f4\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd6f9f4-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 208-222\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.363\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.363<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd6f9f4\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd6f9f4-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 29.10.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 26.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 23.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23 \" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd6f9f4\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd6f9f4-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Mustafa Ayd\u0131n &amp; \u0130brahim Y\u0131ld\u0131z. 2026. Methodological convergences and the problem of distinction in the riwayah and dirayah tafsir traditions: The case of Prophet Moses and al-Khidr<strong>. <\/strong><em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 208-222.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd6f9f4\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd6f9f4-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract: <\/strong>This study comparatively examines the ways in which the narrative of Prophet Moses and the \u201crighteous servant\u201d in Surat al-Kahf, verses 60\u201382, is interpreted in riwayah and dirayah tafsirs. The study aims to answer the question, \u201cCan the riwayah and dirayah tafsir methods be distinctly separated from each other?\u201d Although numerous studies have been conducted on this subject, no work has been found that addresses this question through the analysis of a specific narrative. In the study, the tafsirs of al-Tabari and Ibn Abi Hatim, representing the riwayah method, and those of al-Razi and al-Andalusi, representing the dirayah method, were examined through the sampling method. These four exegetes represent the differing aspects of the riwayah and dirayah methods, while also reflecting the points at which these methods intertwine. The study employs the methods of literature review and textual analysis. The findings indicate that the riwayah and dirayah methods are not strictly separated; rather, they complement each other. It has been concluded that a profound tafsir cannot be achieved without integrating reason and transmission. This situation highlights the importance of methodological flexibility and a holistic approach that should be observed in contemporary tafsir studies.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>dirayah, Khidr, Prophet Moses, riwayah, surat al-Kahf, tafsir<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd6f9f4\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd6f9f4-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Mustafa%20IJIT%20vol%2029%20June%2029026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 208-222\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.363\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.363<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 29.10.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 26.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 23.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Mustafa Ayd\u0131n &amp; \u0130brahim Y\u0131ld\u0131z. 2026. Methodological convergences and the problem of distinction in the riwayah and dirayah tafsir traditions: The case of Prophet Moses and al-Khidr<strong>. <\/strong><em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 208-222.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract: <\/strong>This study comparatively examines the ways in which the narrative of Prophet Moses and the \u201crighteous servant\u201d in Surat al-Kahf, verses 60\u201382, is interpreted in riwayah and dirayah tafsirs. The study aims to answer the question, \u201cCan the riwayah and dirayah tafsir methods be distinctly separated from each other?\u201d Although numerous studies have been conducted on this subject, no work has been found that addresses this question through the analysis of a specific narrative. In the study, the tafsirs of al-Tabari and Ibn Abi Hatim, representing the riwayah method, and those of al-Razi and al-Andalusi, representing the dirayah method, were examined through the sampling method. These four exegetes represent the differing aspects of the riwayah and dirayah methods, while also reflecting the points at which these methods intertwine. The study employs the methods of literature review and textual analysis. The findings indicate that the riwayah and dirayah methods are not strictly separated; rather, they complement each other. It has been concluded that a profound tafsir cannot be achieved without integrating reason and transmission. This situation highlights the importance of methodological flexibility and a holistic approach that should be observed in contemporary tafsir studies.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>dirayah, Khidr, Prophet Moses, riwayah, surat al-Kahf, tafsir<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Mustafa%20IJIT%20vol%2029%20June%2029026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-408c3a1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"408c3a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 364\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83f6eae elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83f6eae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nur Shahidah Pa\u2019ad, Nur Izyanti Afiqah En Abdul Rahim,\u00a0Muhammad Safwan Harun &amp; Zaizul Ab. Rahman<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df3a7c2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"df3a7c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6a53a2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6a53a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Biopsychosocial Analysis of <i>Mujahadah <\/i>(Spiritual Striving) in Rural Family Transformation: Insights from Expert Interviews<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e39a8bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"e39a8bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd72b6a-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd72b6a\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd72b6a\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd72b6a\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd72b6a-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd72b6a\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd72b6a\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd72b6a\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd72b6a-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-7a9da236a237dfd72b6a\" href=\"#Content-7a9da236a237dfd72b6a\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-7a9da236a237dfd72b6a\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd72b6a-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd72b6a\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd72b6a\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd72b6a\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd72b6a-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd72b6a\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd72b6a\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd72b6a\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd72b6a\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd72b6a-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 223-241\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.364\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.364<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd72b6a\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd72b6a-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 11.09.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 20.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 13.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23 \" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd72b6a\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd72b6a-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Nur Shahidah Pa\u2019ad, Nur Izyanti Afiqah En Abdul Rahim, Muhammad Safwan Harun &amp; Zaizul Ab. Rahman. 2026. A biopsychosocial analysis of <em>mujahadah <\/em>(spiritual striving) in rural family transformation: Insights from expert interviews. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 223-241.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd72b6a\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd72b6a-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>Rural poverty in Malaysia is not merely defined by material deprivation but is deeply entangled with psychosocial and spiritual challenges that hinder long-term family transformation. This study explores the role of mujahadah (spiritual striving) as a catalyst within the biopsychosocial framework, grounded in tazkiyah al-nafs (spiritual purification) and the principles of maqasid al-shariah (objective shariah). Using a qualitative exploratory design, in-depth interviews were conducted with nine domain experts in Islamic family management, rural poverty, Islamic economic, Islamic psychospirituality, rural community development, and family holistic wellbeing. Thematic analysis of expert insights yielded three key themes: mentality issues and the need for mujahadah; \u00a0mujahadah as a continuous inner process, and; \u00a0mujahadah as a source of family resilience. Findings suggest that spiritual striving enhances biopsychosocial well-being and supports holistic transformation in low-income families by fostering internal motivation, emotional regulation, and long-term resilience. It also aligns with the five essential goals of the shariah (al-kulliyat al-khams), reflecting the integration of spiritual and psychosocial development. This approach offers culturally relevant insights for improving rural family well-being and aligns with broader global development goals focused on poverty reduction, social inclusion, and sustainable human development.<\/p><p>\u00a0<strong>Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>Biopsychosocial, families resilience, maqasid al-shariah, mujahadah, rural poverty<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd72b6a\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd72b6a-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Nur%20Shahidah%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 223-241\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.364\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.364<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 11.09.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 20.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 13.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Nur Shahidah Pa\u2019ad, Nur Izyanti Afiqah En Abdul Rahim, Muhammad Safwan Harun &amp; Zaizul Ab. Rahman. 2026. A biopsychosocial analysis of <em>mujahadah <\/em>(spiritual striving) in rural family transformation: Insights from expert interviews. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 223-241.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>Rural poverty in Malaysia is not merely defined by material deprivation but is deeply entangled with psychosocial and spiritual challenges that hinder long-term family transformation. This study explores the role of mujahadah (spiritual striving) as a catalyst within the biopsychosocial framework, grounded in tazkiyah al-nafs (spiritual purification) and the principles of maqasid al-shariah (objective shariah). Using a qualitative exploratory design, in-depth interviews were conducted with nine domain experts in Islamic family management, rural poverty, Islamic economic, Islamic psychospirituality, rural community development, and family holistic wellbeing. Thematic analysis of expert insights yielded three key themes: mentality issues and the need for mujahadah; \u00a0mujahadah as a continuous inner process, and; \u00a0mujahadah as a source of family resilience. Findings suggest that spiritual striving enhances biopsychosocial well-being and supports holistic transformation in low-income families by fostering internal motivation, emotional regulation, and long-term resilience. It also aligns with the five essential goals of the shariah (al-kulliyat al-khams), reflecting the integration of spiritual and psychosocial development. This approach offers culturally relevant insights for improving rural family well-being and aligns with broader global development goals focused on poverty reduction, social inclusion, and sustainable human development.<\/p><p>\u00a0<strong>Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>Biopsychosocial, families resilience, maqasid al-shariah, mujahadah, rural poverty<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Nur%20Shahidah%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bd5d17 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7bd5d17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 365\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-754a1f9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"754a1f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pick-Soon Ling, Fatin Iman Yusof, Hanini Ilyana Che Hashim\u00a0&amp; Kelvin Yong Ming Lee<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9774a00 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9774a00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e70fc4d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e70fc4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Intention to Adopt Mobile Halal Verification Applications on the Authenticity of the Halal Certification<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e86bc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"5e86bc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd75b2f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd75b2f\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd75b2f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd75b2f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd75b2f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd75b2f\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd75b2f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd75b2f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd75b2f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-7a9da236a237dfd75b2f\" href=\"#Content-7a9da236a237dfd75b2f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-7a9da236a237dfd75b2f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd75b2f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd75b2f\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd75b2f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd75b2f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd75b2f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd75b2f\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd75b2f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd75b2f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd75b2f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd75b2f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 242-254\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.365\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.365<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd75b2f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd75b2f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 18.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 23.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 23.04.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23 \" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd75b2f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd75b2f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Pick-Soon Ling, \u00a0Fatin Iman Yusof, Hanini Ilyana Che Hashim &amp; Kelvin Yong Ming Lee. 2026. Intention to adopt mobile halal verification applications on the authenticity of the halal certification<strong>. <\/strong><em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 242-254.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd75b2f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd75b2f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>The authenticity of the Halal certification labelled on the products has become one of the hot issues due to the unauthorised or uncertified Halal certification. Muslim consumers are required to verify the Halal certification to certify the authenticity of the certification. Severe mobile Halal verification applications (apps) have been introduced to facilitate the verification process, and this signifies the importance of these verification apps. Although numerous mobile technologies have been extensively investigated. However, the study on the adoption of the mobile Halal verification apps is still limited. Therefore, this study intends to bridge this research gap by identifying the factors that affect the adoption of mobile Halal verification apps. This study proposed an extended mobile technology acceptance model (MTAM) by including Halal awareness, Halal knowledge and attitudes. This study collected responses from 198 Muslim consumers through purposive sampling and further validated the proposed framework through the partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results found that only attitudes and mobile usefulness have a significant effect on the adoption intention, with attitudes having the most influential effect. Besides, the four proposed predictors also displayed a significant indirect role on adoption intention through attitudes, with the mobile usefulness having the strongest indirect effect.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Halal awareness, halal knowledge, intention to use; mobile halal verification applications, mobile technology acceptance model<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd75b2f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd75b2f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Pick%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 242-254\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.365\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.365<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 18.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 23.01.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 23.04.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Pick-Soon Ling, \u00a0Fatin Iman Yusof, Hanini Ilyana Che Hashim &amp; Kelvin Yong Ming Lee. 2026. Intention to adopt mobile halal verification applications on the authenticity of the halal certification<strong>. <\/strong><em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 242-254.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>The authenticity of the Halal certification labelled on the products has become one of the hot issues due to the unauthorised or uncertified Halal certification. Muslim consumers are required to verify the Halal certification to certify the authenticity of the certification. Severe mobile Halal verification applications (apps) have been introduced to facilitate the verification process, and this signifies the importance of these verification apps. Although numerous mobile technologies have been extensively investigated. However, the study on the adoption of the mobile Halal verification apps is still limited. Therefore, this study intends to bridge this research gap by identifying the factors that affect the adoption of mobile Halal verification apps. This study proposed an extended mobile technology acceptance model (MTAM) by including Halal awareness, Halal knowledge and attitudes. This study collected responses from 198 Muslim consumers through purposive sampling and further validated the proposed framework through the partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results found that only attitudes and mobile usefulness have a significant effect on the adoption intention, with attitudes having the most influential effect. Besides, the four proposed predictors also displayed a significant indirect role on adoption intention through attitudes, with the mobile usefulness having the strongest indirect effect.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Halal awareness, halal knowledge, intention to use; mobile halal verification applications, mobile technology acceptance model<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Pick%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcd8bad elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bcd8bad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 366\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c97876f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c97876f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Raimah Ali Altalhi, Abdallah Mohammed Mahmoud &amp; Omar Yousef Hammad<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-525d292 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"525d292\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07cf77e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07cf77e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Methodology of the Holy Quran in Establishing Gender Identity and Preventing Sexual Deviation &#8211; An Objective Exegetical Study of the Story of the People of Lot, as\u00a0 a Model<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebd8126 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"ebd8126\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd78b8c-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd78b8c\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd78b8c\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd78b8c\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd78b8c-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd78b8c\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd78b8c\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd78b8c\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd78b8c-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-7a9da236a237dfd78b8c\" href=\"#Content-7a9da236a237dfd78b8c\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-7a9da236a237dfd78b8c\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd78b8c-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd78b8c\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd78b8c\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd78b8c\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd78b8c-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd78b8c\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd78b8c\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd78b8c\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd78b8c\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd78b8c-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 255-269\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.366\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.366<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd78b8c\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd78b8c-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 14.10.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 19.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 13.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23 \" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd78b8c\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd78b8c-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Raimah Ali Altalhi, Abdallah Mohammed Mahmoud &amp; Omar Yousef Hammad. <strong>\u00a0<\/strong>2026. The methodology of the Holy Quran in establishing gender identity and preventing sexual deviation &#8211; An objective exegetical study of the story of the People of Lut, as\u00a0 a model. 2026. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 255-269.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd78b8c\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd78b8c-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This study aims to examine the Quranic methodology in defining and preserving gender identity and preventing sexual deviation, with a focus on the story of Prophet Lut (peace be upon him) as a model. It seeks to explore how the Quran establishes the natural gender order and provides moral and legal frameworks to counter contemporary deviations such as homosexuality and gender fluidity. A thematic and objective exegetical approach was adopted, analysing key Quranic verses alongside classical tafsir sources, including Al-Tabari, Al-Qurtubi, and Ibn Kathir. The study also incorporates modern interpretations to link traditional exegesis with current societal issues related to gender and sexuality. The analysis reveals that the Qur\u2019an promotes a divinely ordained binary gender structure (male and female) and condemns all forms of sexual deviance that contradict natural human instincts. It demonstrates that the Quranic discourse integrates moral, psychological, and societal reform, emphasizing education, modesty, and faith-based deterrence as tools to prevent sexual immorality. This study contributes to contemporary discussions on gender and sexuality by offering a Quranic framework that integrates classical scholarship with modern realities. It highlights the enduring relevance of divine guidance in preserving human dignity and moral order in an age of growing gender confusion and ethical relativism.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Gender identity, homosexuality, LGBTQ+, People of Lot, Quranic approach<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd78b8c\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd78b8c-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Raimah%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 255-269\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.366\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.366<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 14.10.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 19.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 13.03.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Raimah Ali Altalhi, Abdallah Mohammed Mahmoud &amp; Omar Yousef Hammad. <strong>\u00a0<\/strong>2026. The methodology of the Holy Quran in establishing gender identity and preventing sexual deviation - An objective exegetical study of the story of the People of Lut, as\u00a0 a model. 2026. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 255-269.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This study aims to examine the Quranic methodology in defining and preserving gender identity and preventing sexual deviation, with a focus on the story of Prophet Lut (peace be upon him) as a model. It seeks to explore how the Quran establishes the natural gender order and provides moral and legal frameworks to counter contemporary deviations such as homosexuality and gender fluidity. A thematic and objective exegetical approach was adopted, analysing key Quranic verses alongside classical tafsir sources, including Al-Tabari, Al-Qurtubi, and Ibn Kathir. The study also incorporates modern interpretations to link traditional exegesis with current societal issues related to gender and sexuality. The analysis reveals that the Qur\u2019an promotes a divinely ordained binary gender structure (male and female) and condemns all forms of sexual deviance that contradict natural human instincts. It demonstrates that the Quranic discourse integrates moral, psychological, and societal reform, emphasizing education, modesty, and faith-based deterrence as tools to prevent sexual immorality. This study contributes to contemporary discussions on gender and sexuality by offering a Quranic framework that integrates classical scholarship with modern realities. It highlights the enduring relevance of divine guidance in preserving human dignity and moral order in an age of growing gender confusion and ethical relativism.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Gender identity, homosexuality, LGBTQ+, People of Lot, Quranic approach<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Raimah%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20June%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1271d99 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1271d99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 367\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc2d1c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dc2d1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zainab Amin<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><\/a>, Salma Anjum\u00a0&amp; Nazia Bibi<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3538a5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c3538a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b845a0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b845a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Algorithmic Predestination and Divine Knowledge (`Ilm Allah): Causality, Human Agency, and the Closed System of Code<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd29616 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"dd29616\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd7bb0c-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd7bb0c\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd7bb0c\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd7bb0c\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd7bb0c-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd7bb0c\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd7bb0c\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd7bb0c\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd7bb0c-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-7a9da236a237dfd7bb0c\" href=\"#Content-7a9da236a237dfd7bb0c\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-7a9da236a237dfd7bb0c\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd7bb0c-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd7bb0c\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd7bb0c\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd7bb0c\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd7bb0c-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd7bb0c\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd7bb0c\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd7bb0c\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd7bb0c\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd7bb0c-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 270-285\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.367\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.367<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd7bb0c\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd7bb0c-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 21.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 19.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 13.04.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23 \" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd7bb0c\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd7bb0c-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Zainab Amin, Salma Anjum &amp; Nazia Bibi. 2026. Algorithmic predestination and Divine knowledge (`ilm Allah): causality, human agency, and the closed system of code. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 270-285.<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd7bb0c\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd7bb0c-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This article examines the growing influence of predictive algorithms on human cognition and behavior as a contemporary theological problem that has yet to be systematically addressed within classical Islamic intellectual frameworks. While existing scholarship on algorithmic governance largely remains confined to ethical, sociological, or secular philosophical analyses, it rarely engages Islamic theological debates on divine causality, knowledge, and human agency. Addressing this gap, the study retrieves and re-examines foundational discussions between the Ash`ari doctrine of divine determinism\u2014articulated through the theory of kasb (acquisition)\u2014and the Mu`tazili rationalist defense of inherent human free will (ikhtiyar), situating them within the context of algorithmic causality. The article argues that predictive algorithms, as human-made, immanent, and data-driven systems, function as a powerful yet theologically flawed analogue for deterministic worldviews. By juxtaposing the ontology of algorithmic causation with the classical attributes (sifat) of God\u2014particularly His eternal (qadim), non-causal, and all-encompassing Knowledge (`ilm)\u2014the analysis demonstrates the categorical inadequacy of algorithmic determinism to account for divine action. The study\u2019s central contribution lies in conceptualizing algorithmic prediction as a form of \u201cfalse qadar,\u201d which does not illuminate divine predestination but instead exposes its radical transcendence.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>\u00a0Algorithm, causality, digital religion, \u2018ilm al-kalam, qadar<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd7bb0c\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd7bb0c-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Zainab%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20Jue%202026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 270-285\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.367\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.367<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 21.12.2025\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 19.02.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 13.04.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Zainab Amin, Salma Anjum &amp; Nazia Bibi. 2026. Algorithmic predestination and Divine knowledge (`ilm Allah): causality, human agency, and the closed system of code. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. Vol. 29 (June): 270-285.<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong>This article examines the growing influence of predictive algorithms on human cognition and behavior as a contemporary theological problem that has yet to be systematically addressed within classical Islamic intellectual frameworks. While existing scholarship on algorithmic governance largely remains confined to ethical, sociological, or secular philosophical analyses, it rarely engages Islamic theological debates on divine causality, knowledge, and human agency. Addressing this gap, the study retrieves and re-examines foundational discussions between the Ash`ari doctrine of divine determinism\u2014articulated through the theory of kasb (acquisition)\u2014and the Mu`tazili rationalist defense of inherent human free will (ikhtiyar), situating them within the context of algorithmic causality. The article argues that predictive algorithms, as human-made, immanent, and data-driven systems, function as a powerful yet theologically flawed analogue for deterministic worldviews. By juxtaposing the ontology of algorithmic causation with the classical attributes (sifat) of God\u2014particularly His eternal (qadim), non-causal, and all-encompassing Knowledge (`ilm)\u2014the analysis demonstrates the categorical inadequacy of algorithmic determinism to account for divine action. The study\u2019s central contribution lies in conceptualizing algorithmic prediction as a form of \u201cfalse qadar,\u201d which does not illuminate divine predestination but instead exposes its radical transcendence.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>\u00a0Algorithm, causality, digital religion, \u2018ilm al-kalam, qadar<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Zainab%20IJIT%20Vol%2029%20Jue%202026.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b9ca1a elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3b9ca1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 368\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2858922 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2858922\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ahmad Sunawari Long<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12fb8b6 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"12fb8b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a68a32 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a68a32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Memoriam of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas (1931\u20132026)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-551a70c elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"551a70c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd7ead5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a237dfd7ead5\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a237dfd7ead5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a237dfd7ead5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd7ead5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"article-history\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-3628b2e6a237dfd7ead5\" href=\"#Content-3628b2e6a237dfd7ead5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-3628b2e6a237dfd7ead5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Article History<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd7ead5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"to-cite\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-7a9da236a237dfd7ead5\" href=\"#Content-7a9da236a237dfd7ead5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-7a9da236a237dfd7ead5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">To Cite<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd7ead5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a237dfd7ead5\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a237dfd7ead5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a237dfd7ead5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd7ead5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a237dfd7ead5\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a237dfd7ead5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a237dfd7ead5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd7ead5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a237dfd7ead5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 286-289\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.368\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.368<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-3628b2e \" id=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd7ead5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-3628b2e6a237dfd7ead5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Received: 15.04.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 10.05.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 31.05.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-7a9da23 \" id=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd7ead5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-7a9da236a237dfd7ead5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: left;\">To Cite<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd7ead5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a237dfd7ead5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Begin.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> begin<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd7ead5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a237dfd7ead5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Zb%20In%20Memoriam%20of%20Syed%20Muhammad.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 286-289\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.368\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.29.2026.368<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Article History\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Received: 15.04.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Revised: 10.05.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Accepted: 31.05.2026\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 Published: 15.06.2026<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"To Cite\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>To Cite<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Begin.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> begin<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/Zb%20In%20Memoriam%20of%20Syed%20Muhammad.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-315ecdc\" data-id=\"315ecdc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb12a14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb12a14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cover of this Issue<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03c8157 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"03c8157\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/ISSUES\/Vol-29-June-2026\/A1%20Cover%20%20IIJIT%2029%20June%202026.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Volume 29, (June) 2026<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a0c5e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"0a0c5e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3484\" class=\"elementor elementor-3484\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b17f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b17f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a7a431\" data-id=\"8a7a431\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fc35cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5fc35cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db4918f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db4918f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cac3135\" data-id=\"cac3135\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f95eafd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f95eafd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Editor in Chief<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ffb59b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ffb59b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62d0722\" data-id=\"62d0722\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f8e80c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f8e80c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">PROFESSOR DR. AHMAD SUNAWARI LONG<strong><br \/><\/strong><a href=\"mailto:ijit@ukm.edu.my\">ijit@ukm.edu.my<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a45509 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a45509\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b810b7d\" data-id=\"b810b7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d58a77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d58a77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Member of<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d5f99aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d5f99aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ee41e2\" data-id=\"0ee41e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77b2db5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77b2db5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-767\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"156\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 156px) 100vw, 156px\" \/><br \/>COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ebc62b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ebc62b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a5ca8f\" data-id=\"2a5ca8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cc0088 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0cc0088\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">IJIT in Brief<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d916be3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d916be3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b218be\" data-id=\"3b218be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8935e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8935e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An international scholarly journal on Islamic thought and contemporary Muslim issues.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce47e5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ce47e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e733652 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e733652\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Indexed in Scopus and Web of Science\u2013ESCI.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9e4411 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e9e4411\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd93740 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd93740\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fully open access with global readership.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8c19b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d8c19b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8e46c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8e46c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Published twice a year (June and December).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-288f930 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"288f930\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a7c6b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a7c6b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>All submissions undergo double-blind peer review.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e10526 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7e10526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64ea624 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64ea624\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Accepts English manuscripts only.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63c8c6d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"63c8c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9d86a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9d86a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Requires IMRaD writing structure.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4043b1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a4043b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f351dce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f351dce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uses APA citation and formatting style.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1bba40 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1bba40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d5e4fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d5e4fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Committed to COPE\u2019s ethical publishing standards.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cffd4bc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cffd4bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0db50da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0db50da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Published by the National University of Malaysia (UKM) in partnership with Wisdom Academia Venture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ffad423 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ffad423\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b567bf\" data-id=\"7b567bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4c5058 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4c5058\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a title=\"SCImago Journal &amp; Country Rank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journalsearch.php?q=21100944566&amp;tip=sid&amp;exact=no&amp;__ncforminfo=HsnvEFAkbPJB7V37HbPRKNthCovtX72tIkTgxSNMRCqWxSEyCG_jzHpjwAfdMXnJEkmzpDG3A3Ww_bcZlAv1GUQ7I-cRJNjX2t8CbQTzOKE=&amp;__ncforminfo=QelFgbU4fe4qjxFmuVVtDvQW3tcxZwxEJu_4XTfiOwUaE21mEYc_gYtSNiQDvk0xu4dx-yNCrhY2_lLYgH3KjcBkWi4im0ZUifLzUpd3uzTXQKXHFTaHNA==&amp;__ncforminfo=DqRts6tayT5KrWqBImOPqXhHimJBYXUhdXJ9_UfAfIGtQbWjUyWZN1THChgCV1T3CGjQAYBR1Uhf_l37mUavoJNtvRWtVXalPc2IXdhrqWs3ddHR4DYCj1g0Q0H7WHg8&#038;__ncforminfo=Cp-qtxMYGzv4tX5YGVmuOcz6yRcBvsSx7swU77sdEXp6IJShK0xPytEtrhpWNjX6EFrA8IpWO_HrDb6EH0643K8TCqIdQDBRq8IEclfG7JkFgs_PA48rr2cPNgiQP-CY8h6Y_2zYe0Q=&#038;__ncforminfo=jGHGlnlKV1UdaoxNtD1ECLHrmqOnqvjXrml3wzf03TDhR2Hmumq2Qf2goAGbe-BPOoBmvkeM2N5QsgR_Di6sY7gA1OykN-sZXsy2Cpc8wEqraua0IPCm8fF4YuNqNQO_supe_riYrZX6zouRU05swA==\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journal_img.php?id=21100944566&amp;__ncforminfo=HsnvEFAkbPJB7V37HbPRKNthCovtX72tsYwxzKTt_e4way9NBpWEIYfWX5COJeZxQxrwkfsYKOLhkNBZ_DRjcQ==&amp;__ncforminfo=QelFgbU4fe4qjxFmuVVtDvQW3tcxZwxERLzeB-mr1Y_zAZjBk8tJ0YT0WHbvp4UCFOFNIxWDwYvHbVdOWXlsUASrpjvUO6Gm&amp;__ncforminfo=DqRts6tayT5KrWqBImOPqXhHimJBYXUhWNpFOLE4ZGHpfLXatiGkO5GjzLOYVBzhD1xQIumERZ8ZYEBEvat9IYsxdeK94uqU09VOhuGrGfE=&#038;__ncforminfo=Cp-qtxMYGzv4tX5YGVmuOcz6yRcBvsSxPM_7A0IlIk1KMGFu1VFsk9kbZtSrfB4FKCK4rzmHYKhhOcZKE5_zwx0klLKgT1HQNVTZxGvjvIxClgRKqTf5iQ==&#038;__ncforminfo=jGHGlnlKV1UdaoxNtD1ECLHrmqOnqvjXht7KmMnPYD1iCNyvBBjr5iBFpngHDOJUGdhbkkALZQ28ZS0Eqha2v1fNL6i_7saWfyV55D1zQSiyEGF4WgyXoxZjlEwWM3RR\" alt=\"SCImago Journal &amp; Country Rank\" width=\"204\" height=\"204\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f80a172 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f80a172\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6337a1f\" data-id=\"6337a1f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7c3e93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"c7c3e93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1053\" class=\"elementor elementor-1053\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70e7948 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70e7948\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b5bfd7\" data-id=\"1b5bfd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1892abb elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1892abb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tIndexed &amp; Abstracted by\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2f9c55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2f9c55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b0c891\" data-id=\"0b0c891\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-524dd0b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"524dd0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/sourceid\/21100944566\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-SCOPUS.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4655\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-06f2476\" data-id=\"06f2476\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42dc02d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"42dc02d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mjl.clarivate.com:\/\/search-results?issn=2232-1314&#038;hide_exact_match_fl=true&#038;utm_source=mjl&#038;utm_medium=share-by-link&#038;utm_campaign=search-results-share-this-journal\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-ESCI.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4656\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-704378b\" data-id=\"704378b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74d22d8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"74d22d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mysitasi.mohe.gov.my\/portal\/#\/journal-details\/df6ba5db-5f76-11ef-a699-005056a6a970\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-MYSITASI.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4657\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3759a57\" data-id=\"3759a57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6512b69 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6512b69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-ATLA.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4778\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d63a879\" data-id=\"d63a879\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa59b1a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aa59b1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?from_ui=yes&#038;q=2232-1314\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-CROSSREF.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4663\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5983b7e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5983b7e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c3ac6a\" data-id=\"0c3ac6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2bf2bc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e2bf2bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-PROQUEST-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4781\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-67ee4bd\" data-id=\"67ee4bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04c2e1f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"04c2e1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-EBSCOHOST.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4779\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-605c647\" data-id=\"605c647\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-066ee31 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"066ee31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-PROQUEST.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4780\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-49acecb\" data-id=\"49acecb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0260a4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e0260a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-ISLAMICUS.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4782\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b3e8b9\" data-id=\"0b3e8b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c01670 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c01670\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb7aa49\" data-id=\"cb7aa49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35ca6e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35ca6e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/88x31.png\" width=\"88\" height=\"31\" \/><\/span><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Authors retain copyright of their work. Articles published in IJIT are distributed under the <span style=\"color: #f7f381;\"><a style=\"color: #f7f381;\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License <br \/>(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)<\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ed2aa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ed2aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easycounter.com\/counter.php?ijitukm&#038;__ncforminfo=UFBBnh2iQt1z85PE6YuniOjJkuG7UP239YaabcmOcuoZTQlL5ZLo3ckfBmIOXYpWq7Ejkp7JN8vk7ZIFqX3yCA==&#038;__ncforminfo=pax0TaxNQSEzaHXTDxBT9Jd8A_EJNHxRnTRn6nNTL82-biGy4jiEUk35MksuZhov4QCMNcmeWt4Ej2EFzG63CnmeEoJuhlel&#038;__ncforminfo=mCQMoR_z7TLwu4_GhLFu_PHeUJTqtl9nSG5ftRafTNsckO8On0DBsxvevcbjCby1IKfQV4jPRF-eQaL_Z1d8FvY6ZrzPqinc7TNSs8T3_7g=&#038;__ncforminfo=w91uEyGZrAYSZ-GTNDsEKXMOsjqj1nSooxuMkB6Bj7LQzwkfvKleXmdjmTKw-_UIpiPwXhEabhksAG76vx1JRndNs3BFRzt2BfYLhX2Is0-KmD0VwWEEOQ==&#038;__ncforminfo=DJP9RnalEqJuDO-tXAZoSTxcZOQGVQx4S3JqsrmR0GOzduU-hiQnYSmVeQOYYwZ4gFQ5LmNJoORW59GdiiUqY1loQ8APTov8lZutkYppRxzgRX2IfbpxrnhnAxrjl7dY\" alt=\"Website Hit Counter\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">visitors\u00a0since 01 June 2012<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2715f0\" data-id=\"b2715f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4661ce2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4661ce2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Published by<\/i><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY<\/strong><br \/>Faculty of Islamic Studies<br \/>Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia<br \/>(the National University of Malaysia)<br \/>43600 Bangi, Selangor<br \/>MALAYSIA<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>and<\/i><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>WISDOM ACADEMIA VENTURE<br \/><\/strong>Kuala Lumpur<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cfbc153 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cfbc153\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-845b408\" data-id=\"845b408\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dda9bfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-copyright\" data-id=\"dda9bfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"copyright.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-copyright-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Copyright \u00a9 2026 IJIT - U K M <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction The INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT (IJIT) is an internationally refereed online journal (e-ISSN 2289-6023) and printed journal (ISSN 2232-1314). IJIT is jointly published<a class=\"ut-readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/\"> &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4390","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4390"}],"version-history":[{"count":383,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5211,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4390\/revisions\/5211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}