{"id":5072,"date":"2026-05-20T04:02:23","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T04:02:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/?page_id=5072"},"modified":"2026-05-20T15:24:25","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T15:24:25","slug":"vol-27-june-2025","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/vol-27-june-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 27 &#8211; June 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5072\" class=\"elementor elementor-5072\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c3e443e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c3e443e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3403b5fb\" data-id=\"3403b5fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-220fcc67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"220fcc67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1048\" class=\"elementor elementor-1048\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c56d40c elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c56d40c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc4eeb4\" data-id=\"fc4eeb4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee343f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-header-info\" data-id=\"ee343f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-header-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <ul class=\"ekit-header-info\">\n                                    <li>\n                            <a > \n                                                                IJIT | International Journal of Islamic Thought                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b2af36\" data-id=\"8b2af36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c12e66 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-header-info\" data-id=\"8c12e66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-header-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <ul class=\"ekit-header-info\">\n                                    <li>\n                            <a > \n                                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-phone\"><\/i>                                +603 8921 5503                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                                            <li>\n                            <a > \n                                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-email\"><\/i>                                ijit@ukm.edu.my                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-754f3a2 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"754f3a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a92e9f4\" data-id=\"a92e9f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07aef75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07aef75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">IJIT | International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43ed288 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43ed288\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-985747c\" data-id=\"985747c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-739421e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"739421e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"860\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3843\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0.png 860w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LOGO-HEADER-2025-IJIT-AWARD-1.0-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb12cce\" data-id=\"bb12cce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e184bd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e184bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"178\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1024x178.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3276\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1024x178.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-768x133.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT-1536x267.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/IJIT-FONT.png 1646w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b15c1a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b15c1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c694a6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c694a6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">e-ISSN 2289-6023 |\u00a0\u00a0ISSN 2232-1314<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a7915a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a7915a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9595fb\" data-id=\"d9595fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc5ccd4 hfe-nav-menu__align-left hfe-submenu-icon-arrow hfe-submenu-animation-none hfe-link-redirect-child hfe-nav-menu__breakpoint-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-navigation-menu\" data-id=\"dc5ccd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:5,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:false},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:8,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:8,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:7,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:11,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;width_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;220&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"navigation-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__none\" data-layout=\"horizontal\">\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"button\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\"  class=\"fas fa-align-justify\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow\" data-toggle-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-align-justify&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-close-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;far fa-window-close&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-full-width=\"yes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-dc5ccd4\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-6\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-481\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a class = \"hfe-menu-item\">About<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-18\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/editorial-board\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Editorial Board<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-19\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/international-advisory-board\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">International Advisory Board<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4083\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ijit-scope\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Aim and Scope<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-20\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Submission<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-5294\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ijit-publication-of-article-types\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Publication of Article Types<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-21\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/guidelines\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Template &#038; Guidelines<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-22\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/fees\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Publication Fee<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4085\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ijit-timeline\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Timeline<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-23\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/agreement-and-declaration\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Agreement &#038; Declaration Form<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4086\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ijit-disclaimer\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Disclaimer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-26\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/ethics-statement\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Ethics Statement<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-5382\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/policy\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Policy<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2688\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/archives\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Archives<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/indexing\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Indexing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d055cb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d055cb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42a437e\" data-id=\"42a437e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d92de33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d92de33\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71bc7b1\" data-id=\"71bc7b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45cd8f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45cd8f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Volume 27, (June) 2025<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98fd21f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"98fd21f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/A2-Preliminary-IJIT-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PRELIMINARY<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-38b418d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"38b418d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d184f2\" data-id=\"7d184f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672356e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"672356e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42cd009 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"42cd009\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 1\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da25801 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da25801\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ahmad Sunawari Long, Abdull Rahman Mahmood &amp; Mohd Hatib Ismail<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6bd391 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a6bd391\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d23ce20 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d23ce20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Free Will in Averroes\u2019 Compatibilism<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-222650a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"222650a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1beefbc-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1beefbc\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1beefbc\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1beefbc\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1beefbc-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1beefbc\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1beefbc\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1beefbc\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1beefbc-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1beefbc\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1beefbc\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1beefbc\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1beefbc\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1beefbc-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 1-13\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.313\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.313<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1beefbc\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1beefbc-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Averroes, a prominent Islamic philosopher, reconciled divine omniscience with human free will through a compatibilist framework. He argued that God\u2019s foreknowledge does not necessitate determinism; instead, it re?lects the reality of events as they unfold. Drawing on Aristotelian metaphysics, Averroes distinguished between necessary events, like natural phenomena, and contingent events, such as human actions shaped by reason and choice. He maintained that human free will exists within a deterministic universe, preserving moral accountability. Averroes integrated Islamic theology with philosophy, addressing tensions between divine omnipotence and human agency. He proposed that God\u2019s knowledge does not compel human actions, likening it to an astronomer predicting an eclipse\u2014knowledge does not equate to causation. Human actions are influenced by reason, imagination, and external factors, but free will arises from rational deliberation and the ability to act intentionally. In reconciling religion and philosophy, Averroes emphasized metaphorical interpretations of the Quran, appealing to both laypeople and intellectuals. He argued that verses emphasizing divine control foster submission among the masses, while those highlighting human agency guide scholars. Averroes\u2019 compatibilism upholds the coexistence of divine sovereignty and human responsibility, legitimizing philosophy within Islamic thought and supporting ethical accountability.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Averroes, compatibilism, desire, free will, intention<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1beefbc\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1beefbc-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ahmad-Sunawari-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 1-13\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.313\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.313<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Averroes, a prominent Islamic philosopher, reconciled divine omniscience with human free will through a compatibilist framework. He argued that God\u2019s foreknowledge does not necessitate determinism; instead, it re?lects the reality of events as they unfold. Drawing on Aristotelian metaphysics, Averroes distinguished between necessary events, like natural phenomena, and contingent events, such as human actions shaped by reason and choice. He maintained that human free will exists within a deterministic universe, preserving moral accountability. Averroes integrated Islamic theology with philosophy, addressing tensions between divine omnipotence and human agency. He proposed that God\u2019s knowledge does not compel human actions, likening it to an astronomer predicting an eclipse\u2014knowledge does not equate to causation. Human actions are influenced by reason, imagination, and external factors, but free will arises from rational deliberation and the ability to act intentionally. In reconciling religion and philosophy, Averroes emphasized metaphorical interpretations of the Quran, appealing to both laypeople and intellectuals. He argued that verses emphasizing divine control foster submission among the masses, while those highlighting human agency guide scholars. Averroes\u2019 compatibilism upholds the coexistence of divine sovereignty and human responsibility, legitimizing philosophy within Islamic thought and supporting ethical accountability.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Averroes, compatibilism, desire, free will, intention<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ahmad-Sunawari-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ecb8b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ecb8b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e2508\" data-id=\"e4e2508\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a14dcec elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a14dcec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 2\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55ffc55 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55ffc55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ahmet Ek\u015fi &amp; H\u00fcseyin Okur\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8027fe9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8027fe9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d67a7f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d67a7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Medical \u2018Will\u2019 as One of the End-of-Life Decisions<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02a2db5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"02a2db5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1bf2487-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1bf2487\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1bf2487\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1bf2487\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1bf2487-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1bf2487\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1bf2487\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1bf2487\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1bf2487-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1bf2487\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1bf2487\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1bf2487\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1bf2487\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1bf2487-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 14-26\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.314<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1bf2487\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1bf2487-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> A medical will is a request that includes prospective health instructions for situations in which a person will lose the ability to make a will and make decisions. These requests are generally related to terminating treatments that do not help or terminating treatments connected to life support units. However, the fact that Islamic law limits the authority over the patient\u2019s body regarding treatment to the principles of \u201cnon-harm\u201d or \u201cbenefit\u201d hinders the legality of the patient\u2019s health-related instructions. Islamic law mandates that medical interventions for treatment require the patient\u2019s or their legal representative\u2019s permission, while the decision to terminate treatment rests with the physician. Although \u201cmedical wills\u201d and death-related will transactions share a commonality of containing prospective requests, they are legally distinct. Therefore, it is impossible to find legitimacy for a medical will by citing a will, a death-related disposition. This study focuses on the roles of patients and physicians in end-of-life health decisions, explicitly addressing \u201cmedical wills.\u201d It will qualitatively explore this topic, drawing from classical and contemporary Islamic legal literature. Occasional comparisons with legal frameworks in Europe and Turkey will be made to reveal the Islamic legal perspective.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Doctor, Islamic law, medical will, patient, treatment<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1bf2487\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1bf2487-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ahmet-Eksi-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 14-26\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.314\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.314<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> A medical will is a request that includes prospective health instructions for situations in which a person will lose the ability to make a will and make decisions. These requests are generally related to terminating treatments that do not help or terminating treatments connected to life support units. However, the fact that Islamic law limits the authority over the patient\u2019s body regarding treatment to the principles of \u201cnon-harm\u201d or \u201cbenefit\u201d hinders the legality of the patient\u2019s health-related instructions. Islamic law mandates that medical interventions for treatment require the patient\u2019s or their legal representative\u2019s permission, while the decision to terminate treatment rests with the physician. Although \u201cmedical wills\u201d and death-related will transactions share a commonality of containing prospective requests, they are legally distinct. Therefore, it is impossible to find legitimacy for a medical will by citing a will, a death-related disposition. This study focuses on the roles of patients and physicians in end-of-life health decisions, explicitly addressing \u201cmedical wills.\u201d It will qualitatively explore this topic, drawing from classical and contemporary Islamic legal literature. Occasional comparisons with legal frameworks in Europe and Turkey will be made to reveal the Islamic legal perspective.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Doctor, Islamic law, medical will, patient, treatment<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ahmet-Eksi-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-21efa8d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"21efa8d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8f9f9e7\" data-id=\"8f9f9e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d5a6c8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2d5a6c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 3\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a46bfc2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a46bfc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aliyu Kabir &amp; Mohammed Muneer\u2019deen Olodo Al-Shafi\u2019i\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6fbbe5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a6fbbe5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c19d407 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c19d407\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Misrepresented Views of William Muir on Prophet Muhammad\u2019s Polygyny<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51b9488 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"51b9488\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c018ef-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c018ef\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c018ef\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c018ef\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c018ef-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c018ef\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c018ef\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c018ef\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c018ef-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c018ef\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c018ef\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c018ef\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c018ef\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c018ef-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 27-36\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.315\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.315<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c018ef\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c018ef-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The polygynous marriage of the Prophet Muhammad has been one of the most controversial issues in Muslim-Christian relations. Muslims and Christian generally believe that Prophet Muhammad was monogynous before, during, and after his mission as a prophet. Non-Muslim scholars, especially Christians, have written books and articles on this issue. William Muir\u2019s works are controversial because of his extreme representation of the polygyny of the Prophet in order to condemn the Prophethood of Prophet Muhammad. William Muir asserts that the Prophet was evil and has unbridled desires, which was among the factors that led him to practice polygynous marriage. The aim of this study is to analyse and evaluate Muir\u2019s views on the polygynous life of the Prophet, and to carefully clarify Islamic historical sources concerning same, to prove its authenticity and shed light on reasons behind the Prophet practicing polygyny. The study employs qualitative approach and analytical method to collect data of relevance. The finding shows that arranging marriages by the Prophet was not for desirable purposes as Muir asserted, but rather was an effort to provide shelter to individuals experiencing difficulty in settling their lives for particular reasons.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Polygyny, prophethood, Prophet Muhammad, Muir<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c018ef\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c018ef-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Aliyu-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 27-36\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.315\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.315<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The polygynous marriage of the Prophet Muhammad has been one of the most controversial issues in Muslim-Christian relations. Muslims and Christian generally believe that Prophet Muhammad was monogynous before, during, and after his mission as a prophet. Non-Muslim scholars, especially Christians, have written books and articles on this issue. William Muir\u2019s works are controversial because of his extreme representation of the polygyny of the Prophet in order to condemn the Prophethood of Prophet Muhammad. William Muir asserts that the Prophet was evil and has unbridled desires, which was among the factors that led him to practice polygynous marriage. The aim of this study is to analyse and evaluate Muir\u2019s views on the polygynous life of the Prophet, and to carefully clarify Islamic historical sources concerning same, to prove its authenticity and shed light on reasons behind the Prophet practicing polygyny. The study employs qualitative approach and analytical method to collect data of relevance. The finding shows that arranging marriages by the Prophet was not for desirable purposes as Muir asserted, but rather was an effort to provide shelter to individuals experiencing difficulty in settling their lives for particular reasons.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Polygyny, prophethood, Prophet Muhammad, Muir<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Aliyu-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-db0eb8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db0eb8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-65ef16a\" data-id=\"65ef16a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88cc2c0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"88cc2c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 4\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32f857d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32f857d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fadlan Mohd Othman, Mohammad Taha Haji Hassan, Mohd Farhan Md Ariffin &amp; Erba Rozalina Yulianti<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97336fa elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97336fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26f2728 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26f2728\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Status of Jinn as Companions of the Prophet Muhammad and Their Tradition in the Hadith Narration<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69509fd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"69509fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c05189-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c05189\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c05189\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c05189\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c05189-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c05189\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c05189\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c05189\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c05189-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c05189\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c05189\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c05189\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c05189\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c05189-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 37-50\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.316<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c05189\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c05189-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The existence of hadith narrators from among the jinn has been acknowledged since the early Islamic centuries. The status of jinn as narrators can be veri&lt;ied through recorded chains of transmission or contextually within the text of hadith. However, the credibility (al-\u2018adalah) and accuracy (al-dabt) of jinn as narrators have been subjects of scholarly debate. This study evaluates the status of jinn narrators, identi&lt;ies their names, and examines their interactions in transmitting hadith according to the hadith tradition. By analyzing historical and social contexts, this research discovers 51 jinn narrators, concluding that their status is classi&lt;ied as jahalah (uncertain). Scholars of hadith have largely rejected and prohibited the transmission of hadith from jinn. An index of jinn narrators has been compiled to prevent confusion stemming from hadith dissemination based on claims, fantasies, or imagination.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Companions, jahalah, jinn, narrators, \u2018ulum al-hadith<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c05189\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c05189-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Fadlan-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 37-50\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.316\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.316<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The existence of hadith narrators from among the jinn has been acknowledged since the early Islamic centuries. The status of jinn as narrators can be veri&lt;ied through recorded chains of transmission or contextually within the text of hadith. However, the credibility (al-\u2018adalah) and accuracy (al-dabt) of jinn as narrators have been subjects of scholarly debate. This study evaluates the status of jinn narrators, identi&lt;ies their names, and examines their interactions in transmitting hadith according to the hadith tradition. By analyzing historical and social contexts, this research discovers 51 jinn narrators, concluding that their status is classi&lt;ied as jahalah (uncertain). Scholars of hadith have largely rejected and prohibited the transmission of hadith from jinn. An index of jinn narrators has been compiled to prevent confusion stemming from hadith dissemination based on claims, fantasies, or imagination.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Companions, jahalah, jinn, narrators, \u2018ulum al-hadith<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Fadlan-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0cdf91 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a0cdf91\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c50fc6\" data-id=\"1c50fc6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edd46f1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"edd46f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 5\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b73ee46 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b73ee46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fadlil Munawwar Manshur\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b300c05 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b300c05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec86a7e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec86a7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jewish-Israeli and Arab-Palestinian Relations in The Perspective of Cultural Conflict<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85fb2f5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"85fb2f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c08ab4-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c08ab4\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c08ab4\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c08ab4\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c08ab4-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c08ab4\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c08ab4\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c08ab4\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c08ab4-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c08ab4\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c08ab4\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c08ab4\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c08ab4\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c08ab4-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 51-64\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.317<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c08ab4\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c08ab4-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study examines the relation between the Jewish-Israeli nation and the Arab- Palestinian nation through an analysis of cultural conflict. Furthermore, the elements of Jewish-Israeli cultural identity and Arab-Palestinian cultural identity warrant discussion, as the two identities, despite their proximity, are historically and genealogically in perpetual struggle. Jewish-Israeli culture is fundamentally constructed and evolved through Arab-Palestinian culture. This perspective is very painful due to the ongoing marginalization and eradication of Arab-Palestinian culture facilitated by Jewish-Israeli cultural initiatives. This figurative perspective is seen in the disregard for Arab-Palestinians among Jewish-Israelis. Furthermore, initiatives aim to internalize and value Arab-Palestinian culture within the context of Jewish-Israeli culture in the socio-cultural landscape. This examination of the relationship between Jewish-Israeli and Arab-Palestinian culture is exemplified by the process of mimicry, when the colonized nation adopts, internalizes, and adapts the traits of the colonizers. This situation necessitates consideration of how the relationship between Jews and Israelis as colonists seeks to adopt, assimilate, and adapt the attributes of the Arab-Palestinian people they colonize.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Arab-Palestinian, cultural adoption, cultural conflict, Israeli literature, Jewish-Israeli<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c08ab4\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c08ab4-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Fadlil-IJIT-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 51-64\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.317\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.317<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study examines the relation between the Jewish-Israeli nation and the Arab- Palestinian nation through an analysis of cultural conflict. Furthermore, the elements of Jewish-Israeli cultural identity and Arab-Palestinian cultural identity warrant discussion, as the two identities, despite their proximity, are historically and genealogically in perpetual struggle. Jewish-Israeli culture is fundamentally constructed and evolved through Arab-Palestinian culture. This perspective is very painful due to the ongoing marginalization and eradication of Arab-Palestinian culture facilitated by Jewish-Israeli cultural initiatives. This figurative perspective is seen in the disregard for Arab-Palestinians among Jewish-Israelis. Furthermore, initiatives aim to internalize and value Arab-Palestinian culture within the context of Jewish-Israeli culture in the socio-cultural landscape. This examination of the relationship between Jewish-Israeli and Arab-Palestinian culture is exemplified by the process of mimicry, when the colonized nation adopts, internalizes, and adapts the traits of the colonizers. This situation necessitates consideration of how the relationship between Jews and Israelis as colonists seeks to adopt, assimilate, and adapt the attributes of the Arab-Palestinian people they colonize.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Arab-Palestinian, cultural adoption, cultural conflict, Israeli literature, Jewish-Israeli<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Fadlil-IJIT-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e53f08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e53f08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd21ef6\" data-id=\"bd21ef6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86358ae elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"86358ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 6\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e08c2a3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e08c2a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Farrah Ilyani Che Jamaludin, Muhammad Ridhuan Tony Lim Abdullah, Mohd Nuri Al-Amin Endut &amp; Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen Shaikh Mohd Salleh<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b21f64d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b21f64d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-168cc2b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"168cc2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Leveraging on Experts\u2019 Psychological Strategies in Decision Making: A Case for Shariah- Compliant Medical Service for Medical Tourism via Analytical Hierarchical Process<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16e2b3f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"16e2b3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c0c47e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c0c47e\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c0c47e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c0c47e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c0c47e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c0c47e\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c0c47e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c0c47e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c0c47e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c0c47e\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c0c47e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c0c47e\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c0c47e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c0c47e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 65-82 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.318\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.318<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c0c47e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c0c47e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Previous research has revealed that expert decision makers possess the ability to overcome cognitive limitations, particularly in group decision making. This study aims to capitalize on these psychological cognitive complement strategies of experts in the development of a Shariah-compliant medical service framework, a growing need in the medical tourism industry. Twelve experts were selected to participate in the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This method involved breaking down the problem into its constituent elements and comparing their relative importance. This method involved breaking down the problem into its constituent elements and comparing their relative importance. By relying on expert opinions and following a structured decision-making process, the proposed framework provides healthcare professionals with guidelines for delivering exceptional and comprehensive care to Muslim patients and tourists globally, in accordance with the principles of Shariah.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), decision-making process, medical tourism, psychological complement strategies, shariah-compliant medical service<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c0c47e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c0c47e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Farrah-Ilyani-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 65-82 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.318\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.318<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Previous research has revealed that expert decision makers possess the ability to overcome cognitive limitations, particularly in group decision making. This study aims to capitalize on these psychological cognitive complement strategies of experts in the development of a Shariah-compliant medical service framework, a growing need in the medical tourism industry. Twelve experts were selected to participate in the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This method involved breaking down the problem into its constituent elements and comparing their relative importance. This method involved breaking down the problem into its constituent elements and comparing their relative importance. By relying on expert opinions and following a structured decision-making process, the proposed framework provides healthcare professionals with guidelines for delivering exceptional and comprehensive care to Muslim patients and tourists globally, in accordance with the principles of Shariah.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), decision-making process, medical tourism, psychological complement strategies, shariah-compliant medical service<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Farrah-Ilyani-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a901602 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a901602\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8f8a64\" data-id=\"c8f8a64\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eca6b9a elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"eca6b9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 7\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a1dc16 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a1dc16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Huseyin Halil\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94d4dc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c94d4dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c007696 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c007696\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Challenging the Verdict of Epigonality: A Study of Late Antique Judeo-Christian Literature Traces in the Quran<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cca6d85 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"cca6d85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c0fad0-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c0fad0\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c0fad0\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c0fad0\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c0fad0-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c0fad0\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c0fad0\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c0fad0\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c0fad0-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c0fad0\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c0fad0\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c0fad0\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c0fad0\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c0fad0-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 83-91 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.319\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.319<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c0fad0\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c0fad0-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Is the Quran an epigonic text? In other words, does the Quran rely on Late Antique Judeo- Christian literature for its stories, figures, and themes? This article examines the widely debated claim among Western scholars that the Quran is an epigonic work, borrowing from prior religious texts, and aims to critically assess this assertion. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, many Western Orientalists argued that the Quran was constructed through selective borrowing from Judeo-Christian literature. Key figures promoting this view include Abraham Geiger, Michael Cook, and Christopher Luxenberg. However, from the latter half of the 20th century onwards, there has been a significant shift in Western academic perspectives on the Qur\u02be\u0101n, with increasing recognition of its originality and theological independence. Scholars like Sidney Griffith and Joseph Witztum argue that while the Quran may have adapted stories from earlier religious traditions, it reinterprets them within a distinct theological framework, exhibiting originality. Although certain Quranic narratives bear similarities to Jewish and Christian sources, their recontextualization within the Quran highlights the text\u2019s unique theological message. This paper challenges the notion of epigonality by examining the Qur\u02be\u0101n\u2019s originality and its divine origins in light of recent academic discourse.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Epigonality, exegesis, parallelism, the Quran, Judeo-Christian literature<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c0fad0\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c0fad0-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Huseyin-IJIT-Volume-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 83-91 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.319\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.319<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Is the Quran an epigonic text? In other words, does the Quran rely on Late Antique Judeo- Christian literature for its stories, figures, and themes? This article examines the widely debated claim among Western scholars that the Quran is an epigonic work, borrowing from prior religious texts, and aims to critically assess this assertion. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, many Western Orientalists argued that the Quran was constructed through selective borrowing from Judeo-Christian literature. Key figures promoting this view include Abraham Geiger, Michael Cook, and Christopher Luxenberg. However, from the latter half of the 20th century onwards, there has been a significant shift in Western academic perspectives on the Qur\u02be\u0101n, with increasing recognition of its originality and theological independence. Scholars like Sidney Griffith and Joseph Witztum argue that while the Quran may have adapted stories from earlier religious traditions, it reinterprets them within a distinct theological framework, exhibiting originality. Although certain Quranic narratives bear similarities to Jewish and Christian sources, their recontextualization within the Quran highlights the text\u2019s unique theological message. This paper challenges the notion of epigonality by examining the Qur\u02be\u0101n\u2019s originality and its divine origins in light of recent academic discourse.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Epigonality, exegesis, parallelism, the Quran, Judeo-Christian literature<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Huseyin-IJIT-Volume-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d4ab358 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d4ab358\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e56148d\" data-id=\"e56148d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a37fa1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1a37fa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 8\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2390cee elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2390cee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jolita Vveinhardt, Tariq Hussain, Ahmed Raza Ul Mustafa &amp; Hira Abdul Rawoof<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5fae14 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a5fae14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3696b5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3696b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Islamophobia, Populism and Peace in the Perspective of Relinquished Financial European Economies: A Systematic Review<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ed8fcf elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"8ed8fcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c13757-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c13757\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c13757\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c13757\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c13757-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c13757\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c13757\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c13757\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c13757-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c13757\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c13757\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c13757\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c13757\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c13757-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 92-104 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.320\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.320<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c13757\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c13757-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Dwindling capitalism and its offshoot democracy upsurge populism, which has various forms and tries to adjust all the rising issues of social sciences. Populism, in the political arena, the division of \u201cus\u201d and \u201cthem\u201d is like drawing an invisible unbroken line among humanity. The scope of this study, based on a complex web of Islamophobia, populism, and peace, is to investigate the role of financial challenges in European economies. Hence, by studying literature between 2018 and 2024, the study delves into Islamophobian and populist facts in countries faced with economic exhaustivity at their foundation, elements, and effects. By scrutiny, major factors expose the importance of ideological applied constructions, historical contexts, as well as political narratives catering for the victimization of Muslims and culminating in the right-wing populist movements. Also, the discussion on Islamophobia covers the contribution of media discourse and digital platforms in raising Islamophobic emotions together with the loss of tolerance and cultural cohesion. In the same way, the paper also addresses the dynamics between politics and religion, looking at instances where Islamophobic sentiments are used by populist parties to gain at the polls, among other things, with an eye on how this affects the peaceful relations between all the groups in a given union. This review has helped to demonstrate the mechanisms of the development of Islamophobia and populism following financial crises in the European economies and how this can be attenuated in such societies.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> European economies, Islamophobia, peace, populism<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c13757\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c13757-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Jolita-Vivienhhart-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 92-104 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.320\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.320<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Dwindling capitalism and its offshoot democracy upsurge populism, which has various forms and tries to adjust all the rising issues of social sciences. Populism, in the political arena, the division of \u201cus\u201d and \u201cthem\u201d is like drawing an invisible unbroken line among humanity. The scope of this study, based on a complex web of Islamophobia, populism, and peace, is to investigate the role of financial challenges in European economies. Hence, by studying literature between 2018 and 2024, the study delves into Islamophobian and populist facts in countries faced with economic exhaustivity at their foundation, elements, and effects. By scrutiny, major factors expose the importance of ideological applied constructions, historical contexts, as well as political narratives catering for the victimization of Muslims and culminating in the right-wing populist movements. Also, the discussion on Islamophobia covers the contribution of media discourse and digital platforms in raising Islamophobic emotions together with the loss of tolerance and cultural cohesion. In the same way, the paper also addresses the dynamics between politics and religion, looking at instances where Islamophobic sentiments are used by populist parties to gain at the polls, among other things, with an eye on how this affects the peaceful relations between all the groups in a given union. This review has helped to demonstrate the mechanisms of the development of Islamophobia and populism following financial crises in the European economies and how this can be attenuated in such societies.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> European economies, Islamophobia, peace, populism<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Jolita-Vivienhhart-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2297e18 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2297e18\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0518811\" data-id=\"0518811\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a09e117 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a09e117\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 9\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b78be0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b78be0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Khalil Ahmad &amp; Muneer Kuttiyani Muhammad\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-125057a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"125057a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-435f467 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"435f467\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Revisiting Medinah Charter: Towards the Realization of\u00a0<em>Maqasid Al-Shariah\u00a0<\/em>for Contemporary Plural Societies\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-710dba8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"710dba8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c175a7-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c175a7\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c175a7\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c175a7\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c175a7-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c175a7\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c175a7\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c175a7\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c175a7-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c175a7\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c175a7\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c175a7\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c175a7\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c175a7-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 105-116\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.321\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.321<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c175a7\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c175a7-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The Medinah Charter has been studied from various perspectives. Most discourses on the Medinah Charter revolve around the political dimension. However, the Prophetic actions of the Medinah Charter need to be analyzed in the light of the Maqasid al-Shariah. This paper aims to explore the Medinah Charter from a Maqasid perspective taking into consideration its socio-religious structure. For this purpose, this research identifies some important Maqasid underlying the Medinah Charter and the Prophetic approach toward the people of other faiths. This study argues that the Medinah Charter and the measures taken by the Prophet Muhammad were potential means for materializing universal higher objectives of the Shariah. Based on descriptive and analytical methods, this study sheds light on some universal higher objectives of the Shariah in the Charter such as freedom of faith, peaceful co-existence, and social integrity. All these social objectives were preserved in Medinan society at a collective level. By analyzing those universal objectives, this paper establishes their relevance to fostering peaceful co-existence, freedom of faith, and social integrity between different ethnic-religious communities of the modern world, especially in Muslim minority societies.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Maqasid al-Shari\u2019ah, Medinah Charter, Muslim minority, peaceful co-existence, religious freedom, social integrity<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c175a7\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c175a7-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Khalil-Ahmad-IJIT-Vol-27-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 105-116\u00a0 \u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.321\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.321<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The Medinah Charter has been studied from various perspectives. Most discourses on the Medinah Charter revolve around the political dimension. However, the Prophetic actions of the Medinah Charter need to be analyzed in the light of the Maqasid al-Shariah. This paper aims to explore the Medinah Charter from a Maqasid perspective taking into consideration its socio-religious structure. For this purpose, this research identifies some important Maqasid underlying the Medinah Charter and the Prophetic approach toward the people of other faiths. This study argues that the Medinah Charter and the measures taken by the Prophet Muhammad were potential means for materializing universal higher objectives of the Shariah. Based on descriptive and analytical methods, this study sheds light on some universal higher objectives of the Shariah in the Charter such as freedom of faith, peaceful co-existence, and social integrity. All these social objectives were preserved in Medinan society at a collective level. By analyzing those universal objectives, this paper establishes their relevance to fostering peaceful co-existence, freedom of faith, and social integrity between different ethnic-religious communities of the modern world, especially in Muslim minority societies.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Maqasid al-Shari\u2019ah, Medinah Charter, Muslim minority, peaceful co-existence, religious freedom, social integrity<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Khalil-Ahmad-IJIT-Vol-27-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-df15111 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"df15111\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b5dca0a\" data-id=\"b5dca0a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c7214d elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7c7214d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 10\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f509d1a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f509d1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lee Chin Yee &amp; Kelvin Lee Yong Ming\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0982f2e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0982f2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4b3b9b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f4b3b9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Islamic Financial Literacy Education on Innovative Retirement Financial Product<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3b0ca7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"a3b0ca7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c1ab8f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c1ab8f\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c1ab8f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c1ab8f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c1ab8f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c1ab8f\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c1ab8f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c1ab8f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c1ab8f-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c1ab8f\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c1ab8f\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c1ab8f\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c1ab8f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c1ab8f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 117-124 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.322\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.322<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c1ab8f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c1ab8f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> In Islamic finance, shariah compliance is crucial to advancing moral, just, and socially conscious financial practices that benefit people as well as communities. This study aims to explore the Islamic financial literacy requirements related to innovative retirement products. Despite the availability of innovative financial products, there remains a significant gap in financial literacy, particularly regarding the Maqasid al-Shariah concept. This lack of understanding often leads to poor financial decisions among both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers, preventing them from achieving their financial goals. To address this issue, the study employs the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to gather insights and suggestions from middle-aged individuals. The findings will highlight the practical education ideas for the policymakers and financial institutions to better inform consumers about appropriate Islamic finance products for retirement planning. With the outcome, it found that policymakers and financial institutions should implement the pull method to reach the consumer from online and offline approaches.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Financial decision-making, innovative financial product, Islamic finance, nominal group technique, retirement planning<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c1ab8f\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c1ab8f-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lee-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 117-124 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.322\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.322<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> In Islamic finance, shariah compliance is crucial to advancing moral, just, and socially conscious financial practices that benefit people as well as communities. This study aims to explore the Islamic financial literacy requirements related to innovative retirement products. Despite the availability of innovative financial products, there remains a significant gap in financial literacy, particularly regarding the Maqasid al-Shariah concept. This lack of understanding often leads to poor financial decisions among both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers, preventing them from achieving their financial goals. To address this issue, the study employs the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to gather insights and suggestions from middle-aged individuals. The findings will highlight the practical education ideas for the policymakers and financial institutions to better inform consumers about appropriate Islamic finance products for retirement planning. With the outcome, it found that policymakers and financial institutions should implement the pull method to reach the consumer from online and offline approaches.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Financial decision-making, innovative financial product, Islamic finance, nominal group technique, retirement planning<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lee-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-874dee4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"874dee4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-508e211\" data-id=\"508e211\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-016c788 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"016c788\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 11\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f1ef8d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f1ef8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Madihah Mat Idris, Elina Mohd Husini, Azman Ab. Rahman &amp; Nasrudin Sharkawi\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-463585e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"463585e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c19305 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c19305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Islamic Energy Garden (IEG) Framework for Sustainable Living in Malaysian University Campuses Based on Maqasid Shariah<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdf6a77 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"cdf6a77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c1ddff-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c1ddff\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c1ddff\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c1ddff\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c1ddff-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c1ddff\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c1ddff\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c1ddff\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c1ddff-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c1ddff\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c1ddff\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c1ddff\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c1ddff\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c1ddff-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 125-136 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.323<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c1ddff\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c1ddff-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> An Islamic Energy Garden (IEG) refers to a garden concept that merges Islamic principles and sustainable energy practices aligned with Maqasid Shariah. The IEG provides a sustainable living environment that harmonises nature, community, and Islamic principles. Despite the growing interest in Islamic gardens, however, in Malaysia, there is no specific design framework for Islamic Garden in campus environments that integrates sustainable design practices. This paper presents a comprehensive review and proposes prospective research directions for the establishment of the Islamic Energy Garden (IEG) Framework for Sustainable Living in Malaysian Campuses in line with the Maqasid Shariah. The review encompasses an analysis of the concept of IEG within the Malaysian context in accordance with the principle of Maqasid Shariah (Protection of Faith, Life, Intellectual, Lineage, and Property). These initial IEG conceptual framework cover various aspects, including spiritual connection, well-being, knowledge dissemination, social integration and environmental sustainability. It is hoped that this research outcome will serve as a transformative and exemplary model for implementing a sustainable living in the campus environment, promoting a culture of environmental consciousness among the campus community, which is in line with the 17 Big Bolds in Economy Madani, which is \u2018Enculturation of Madani society.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Campus design, Islamic energy garden, maqasid shariah, sustainable<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c1ddff\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c1ddff-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Madihah-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 125-136 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.323\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.323<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> An Islamic Energy Garden (IEG) refers to a garden concept that merges Islamic principles and sustainable energy practices aligned with Maqasid Shariah. The IEG provides a sustainable living environment that harmonises nature, community, and Islamic principles. Despite the growing interest in Islamic gardens, however, in Malaysia, there is no specific design framework for Islamic Garden in campus environments that integrates sustainable design practices. This paper presents a comprehensive review and proposes prospective research directions for the establishment of the Islamic Energy Garden (IEG) Framework for Sustainable Living in Malaysian Campuses in line with the Maqasid Shariah. The review encompasses an analysis of the concept of IEG within the Malaysian context in accordance with the principle of Maqasid Shariah (Protection of Faith, Life, Intellectual, Lineage, and Property). These initial IEG conceptual framework cover various aspects, including spiritual connection, well-being, knowledge dissemination, social integration and environmental sustainability. It is hoped that this research outcome will serve as a transformative and exemplary model for implementing a sustainable living in the campus environment, promoting a culture of environmental consciousness among the campus community, which is in line with the 17 Big Bolds in Economy Madani, which is \u2018Enculturation of Madani society.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Campus design, Islamic energy garden, maqasid shariah, sustainable<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Madihah-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e0d98b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2e0d98b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-49b1be9\" data-id=\"49b1be9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b647c3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3b647c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 12\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6c5ec0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f6c5ec0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Salinayanti Salim &amp; Siti Aishah Chu Abdullah\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abe5d1d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"abe5d1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0300bd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0300bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>From Entertainment to Enlightenment: Media\u2019s Role in the Lives of Borneo Muslim Converts<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1093ba0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"1093ba0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c21575-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c21575\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c21575\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c21575\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c21575-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c21575\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c21575\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c21575\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c21575-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c21575\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c21575\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c21575\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c21575\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c21575-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 137-149 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.324\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.324<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c21575\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c21575-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The rapid expansion of media platforms significantly transformed interactions with culture and religion. Drawing on mediatization theory, this study aims to investigate a contemporary issue, which is related to religious identity in the context of media consumption and entertainment. The participants of this study are Borneo Muslim converts in Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei. The study employed qualitative methods through semi-structured interviews with 15 Muslim converts. The data were categorized into themes and analyzed via Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The primary finding shows that Muslim converts in Borneo utilised media selectively, both as a resource for religious consumption and as a mechanism to strengthen their spirituality. These findings suggest the importance of media as a conduit for religious consumption and spiritual reinforcement through entertainment. It indicates that media producers and religious educators should consider the specific needs of this demographic to support their faith journey.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Borneo, entertainment, mediatization, Muslim converts, religion<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c21575\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c21575-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Salinayati-IJIT-vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 137-149 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.324\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.324<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The rapid expansion of media platforms significantly transformed interactions with culture and religion. Drawing on mediatization theory, this study aims to investigate a contemporary issue, which is related to religious identity in the context of media consumption and entertainment. The participants of this study are Borneo Muslim converts in Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei. The study employed qualitative methods through semi-structured interviews with 15 Muslim converts. The data were categorized into themes and analyzed via Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The primary finding shows that Muslim converts in Borneo utilised media selectively, both as a resource for religious consumption and as a mechanism to strengthen their spirituality. These findings suggest the importance of media as a conduit for religious consumption and spiritual reinforcement through entertainment. It indicates that media producers and religious educators should consider the specific needs of this demographic to support their faith journey.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Borneo, entertainment, mediatization, Muslim converts, religion<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Salinayati-IJIT-vol-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-96f9f9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96f9f9d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2639f95\" data-id=\"2639f95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-538ec59 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"538ec59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 13\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-570b292 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"570b292\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Siti Muliani Abdul Ghani, Asyraf Ab Rahman &amp; Syahrin Said\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ee9bac elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9ee9bac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561265e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"561265e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>International Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Humanitarian Aid for Uyghur Muslims in East Turkestan<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bd9696 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"7bd9696\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c249e0-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c249e0\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c249e0\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c249e0\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c249e0-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c249e0\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c249e0\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c249e0\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c249e0-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c249e0\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c249e0\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c249e0\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c249e0\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c249e0-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 150-159 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.325<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c249e0\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c249e0-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Repressive and discriminatory oppression and tyranny against the lives of Uyghur Muslims in East Turkestan caused various violations of human rights. Therefore, multiple non-governmental organizations (NGOs) came forward to provide this vulnerable group with various forms of humanitarian assistance. The main objective of this study is to identify the forms of assistance and the role that international NGOs have successfully implemented. Based on a qualitative approach involving in-depth interview methods with six international NGOs. These NGOs were chosen because they are active in Uyghur Muslim humanitarian missions and have extensive networks with various other NGOs. The study\u2019s Kindings show that various forms of humanitarian aid have been given to international NGOs selected in this study involving basic needs, education, support, consultation, and so on. The form of aid given shows that NGOs are always trying to help ease the burden faced by Uyghur Muslims. In addition, brings awareness to the community about the real humanitarian situation in East Turkestan. In the context of the international NGO arena, this study contributes from the point of view of improving ISO 9001: 2000 standards in providing a positive impact on the quality and credibility of the humanitarian aid sector, to refocus activities involving international humanitarian aid organizations on humanitarian needs to stimulate aid agencies to meet the quality needs of each recipient.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> East Turkestan, humanitarian aid, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Uyghur Muslims<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c249e0\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c249e0-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Siti-Muliani-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 150-159 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.325\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.325<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Repressive and discriminatory oppression and tyranny against the lives of Uyghur Muslims in East Turkestan caused various violations of human rights. Therefore, multiple non-governmental organizations (NGOs) came forward to provide this vulnerable group with various forms of humanitarian assistance. The main objective of this study is to identify the forms of assistance and the role that international NGOs have successfully implemented. Based on a qualitative approach involving in-depth interview methods with six international NGOs. These NGOs were chosen because they are active in Uyghur Muslim humanitarian missions and have extensive networks with various other NGOs. The study\u2019s Kindings show that various forms of humanitarian aid have been given to international NGOs selected in this study involving basic needs, education, support, consultation, and so on. The form of aid given shows that NGOs are always trying to help ease the burden faced by Uyghur Muslims. In addition, brings awareness to the community about the real humanitarian situation in East Turkestan. In the context of the international NGO arena, this study contributes from the point of view of improving ISO 9001: 2000 standards in providing a positive impact on the quality and credibility of the humanitarian aid sector, to refocus activities involving international humanitarian aid organizations on humanitarian needs to stimulate aid agencies to meet the quality needs of each recipient.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> East Turkestan, humanitarian aid, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Uyghur Muslims<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Siti-Muliani-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-50b724b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50b724b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-20c76b5\" data-id=\"20c76b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8c2621 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c8c2621\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 14\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24f8a90 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24f8a90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Theguh Saumantri, Taufik Hidayatulloh, Sumanta &amp; Ahmad Asmuni<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db2cc70 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"db2cc70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e5e814 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e5e814\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tolerance in the Theology of Islamic Reform: A Hermeneutic Reading of Muhammad Ali Jinnah\u2019s Thought<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e121ccd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"e121ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c27bf3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c27bf3\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c27bf3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c27bf3\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c27bf3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c27bf3\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c27bf3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c27bf3\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c27bf3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c27bf3\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c27bf3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c27bf3\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c27bf3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c27bf3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 160-170 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.326\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.326<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c27bf3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c27bf3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Muhammad Ali Jinnah was an Islamic reformer who spoke about the importance of religious tolerance in shaping a harmonious and inclusive society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to interpret the ideas within the theological thought of Muhammad Ali Jinnah that are related to tolerance in Islam. Ricoeur\u2019s hermeneutics is used as the analytical approach, while the technique employed is verstehen. The results of this study explain that there are three theological reform ideas proposed by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. First, the constitutional reform, which emphasizes the importance of legal equality for all citizens regardless of religion, ethnicity, or social background. Second, the political reform, which encourages the active participation of Muslims in a democratic and inclusive political system, while recognizing the rights of minorities. Third, the social reform, which focuses on the development of social and economic welfare, as well as the improvement of the quality of life for all citizens. All of Jinnah\u2019s ideas align with the tolerant teachings of Islam and can be integrated into the Indonesian context to promote social harmony and strengthen national solidarity amidst diversity.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Hermeneutics, Islamic tolerance, Jinnah, reformation, theological reform<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c27bf3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c27bf3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Theguh-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 160-170 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.326\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.326<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Muhammad Ali Jinnah was an Islamic reformer who spoke about the importance of religious tolerance in shaping a harmonious and inclusive society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to interpret the ideas within the theological thought of Muhammad Ali Jinnah that are related to tolerance in Islam. Ricoeur\u2019s hermeneutics is used as the analytical approach, while the technique employed is verstehen. The results of this study explain that there are three theological reform ideas proposed by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. First, the constitutional reform, which emphasizes the importance of legal equality for all citizens regardless of religion, ethnicity, or social background. Second, the political reform, which encourages the active participation of Muslims in a democratic and inclusive political system, while recognizing the rights of minorities. Third, the social reform, which focuses on the development of social and economic welfare, as well as the improvement of the quality of life for all citizens. All of Jinnah\u2019s ideas align with the tolerant teachings of Islam and can be integrated into the Indonesian context to promote social harmony and strengthen national solidarity amidst diversity.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Hermeneutics, Islamic tolerance, Jinnah, reformation, theological reform<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Theguh-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8e6a902 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8e6a902\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a0a829a\" data-id=\"a0a829a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f13bdc elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6f13bdc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 15\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be4b03e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be4b03e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wael Hegazy &amp; Reda Abdelgaliil\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd50b2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3dd50b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d57e4e2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d57e4e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Digital Islamic Authority and Muslim Identity within the Western Context<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07239cd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"07239cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c2b150-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c2b150\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c2b150\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c2b150\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c2b150-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c2b150\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c2b150\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c2b150\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c2b150-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c2b150\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c2b150\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c2b150\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c2b150\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c2b150-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 171-179 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.327<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c2b150\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c2b150-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The expanding online religious experience is increasingly challenging, if not supplanting, the traditional offline counterpart, necessitating a thorough examination of the mechanisms underlying this transformative influence. Furthermore, this cyber-mediated religious experience has a significant influence not just on individuals who engage in religious pursuits through online channels, but also on authority structures and identity dynamics. Particularly, an overarching inquiry arises: does this switch from offline to online domains delineate a hybrid portrayal of contemporary Western Muslim religious life? Therefore, a critical examination regarding the ensuing status of traditional religious authorities within the Western milieu subsequent to this transition towards the online sphere is necessary. By synthesizing insights from the existing literature on Digital Islam and a comprehensive analysis of contemporary circumstances, this study argues that the emergence of Islamic cyber experience in the western world which has forged a new dimension for Muslims. Notably, the Cyber Islamic Environment (CIE), which competes with the traditional physical religious sphere, has had a significant impact on several elements of Muslim religious life. Within this investigation, emphasis is placed on two key tenets\u2014authority and identity\u2014to elucidate the multifaceted impacts experienced by Muslim communities. In terms of authority, while the traditional Islamic authority remains stable, cohesive, and community-centric, the cyber authority is characterized by being individualistic, uncensored, and heightened stringency, albeit being more accessible. The same applies to identity. Unlike the relatively stable and authentic nature of spatial identity, characterized by its static and realistic features, cyber identity is characterized by volatility, lack of genuineness, and a propensity for constant change.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Cyberspace, digital, Islamic authority, Islamic rituals, Muslim identity, virtual religious experience<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c2b150\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c2b150-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Wael-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 171-179 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.327\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.327<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The expanding online religious experience is increasingly challenging, if not supplanting, the traditional offline counterpart, necessitating a thorough examination of the mechanisms underlying this transformative influence. Furthermore, this cyber-mediated religious experience has a significant influence not just on individuals who engage in religious pursuits through online channels, but also on authority structures and identity dynamics. Particularly, an overarching inquiry arises: does this switch from offline to online domains delineate a hybrid portrayal of contemporary Western Muslim religious life? Therefore, a critical examination regarding the ensuing status of traditional religious authorities within the Western milieu subsequent to this transition towards the online sphere is necessary. By synthesizing insights from the existing literature on Digital Islam and a comprehensive analysis of contemporary circumstances, this study argues that the emergence of Islamic cyber experience in the western world which has forged a new dimension for Muslims. Notably, the Cyber Islamic Environment (CIE), which competes with the traditional physical religious sphere, has had a significant impact on several elements of Muslim religious life. Within this investigation, emphasis is placed on two key tenets\u2014authority and identity\u2014to elucidate the multifaceted impacts experienced by Muslim communities. In terms of authority, while the traditional Islamic authority remains stable, cohesive, and community-centric, the cyber authority is characterized by being individualistic, uncensored, and heightened stringency, albeit being more accessible. The same applies to identity. Unlike the relatively stable and authentic nature of spatial identity, characterized by its static and realistic features, cyber identity is characterized by volatility, lack of genuineness, and a propensity for constant change.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Cyberspace, digital, Islamic authority, Islamic rituals, Muslim identity, virtual religious experience<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Wael-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c7fda2d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c7fda2d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-41fd5f7\" data-id=\"41fd5f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0ffec5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d0ffec5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 16\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9001880 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9001880\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yusri Mohamad Ramli\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171da54 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"171da54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0157b0b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0157b0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Abdullah Hashem, Ahmadi \u2013Agama Keamanan dan Cahaya, dan al-Qa\u2019im<br \/><em>Abdullah Hashem, the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light, and al-Qa\u2019im<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1625f1a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"1625f1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c2ee25-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c2ee25\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c2ee25\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c2ee25\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c2ee25-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c2ee25\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c2ee25\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c2ee25\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c2ee25-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c2ee25\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c2ee25\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c2ee25\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c2ee25\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c2ee25-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 180-192 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.328\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.328<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c2ee25\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c2ee25-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light is a very fast-growing and global religious cult. The leader of this movement is an Egyptian American Abdullah Hashem who centers his doctrines on the Shi\u2019ite\u2019s teaching of the messianic notion of al-Qa\u2019im or the Riser who appears before the coming of al-Mahdi. With the rapid growth and numerous incidents around the world involving this emerging cult, a study is needed to understand the background of its founder, Abdullah Hashem, the formation of the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light, and its central doctrine of al-Qa\u2019im.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Abdullah Hashem, Ahmad al-Hasan, deviant, religious cult, the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light, the Goal of the Wise<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c2ee25\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c2ee25-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Yusri-IJIT-June-2025-Edited.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 180-192 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.328\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.328<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light is a very fast-growing and global religious cult. The leader of this movement is an Egyptian American Abdullah Hashem who centers his doctrines on the Shi\u2019ite\u2019s teaching of the messianic notion of al-Qa\u2019im or the Riser who appears before the coming of al-Mahdi. With the rapid growth and numerous incidents around the world involving this emerging cult, a study is needed to understand the background of its founder, Abdullah Hashem, the formation of the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light, and its central doctrine of al-Qa\u2019im.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Abdullah Hashem, Ahmad al-Hasan, deviant, religious cult, the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light, the Goal of the Wise<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Yusri-IJIT-June-2025-Edited.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a4b3191 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a4b3191\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f222a71\" data-id=\"f222a71\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48eff01 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"48eff01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle 17\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e051791 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e051791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zubaida Nusrat &amp; Adibah Abdul Rahim\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4b5787 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d4b5787\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d006e4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d006e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An Islamic Approach to Poetics: The Role of Muslim Philosophers in Offering an Alternative Literary Theory<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05eaf57 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"05eaf57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper   elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c322e5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"page-no-doi\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-5baac7f6a238f1c322e5\" href=\"#Content-5baac7f6a238f1c322e5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-5baac7f6a238f1c322e5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Page No. &amp; DOI<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c322e5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract-keywords\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-83b45ef6a238f1c322e5\" href=\"#Content-83b45ef6a238f1c322e5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-83b45ef6a238f1c322e5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Abstract &amp; Keywords<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c322e5-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"full-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-b2a058e6a238f1c322e5\" href=\"#Content-b2a058e6a238f1c322e5\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-b2a058e6a238f1c322e5\">\n                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-icon\"><i class=\"icon icon-arrow-down-circle\"><\/i><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\">Full Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-5baac7f  active show\" id=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c322e5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-5baac7f6a238f1c322e5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Page: 193-201 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.329\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.329<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-83b45ef \" id=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c322e5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-83b45ef6a238f1c322e5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Little is known about the contributions made by the Muslim literary philosophers of the medieval age since their ideas on poetics have not been well documented. Al-Farabi and Ibn-Sina, offered an explanation of reasoning to reconcile poetry with the corpus of consistent ideas regarding truths as revealed in the Quran. Ibn Rushd compared poetry to a logical organ of philosophy, claiming that its distinctive characteristics enable the communication of truth and draw the creative mind nearer to God. Despite their extensive theoretical resources in poetry, the literary philosophies of these thinkers are largely unknown to Muslims and non-Muslims alike. In addition, there are some amounts of confusion and ambivalence about the distinctiveness of their literary theories and has much misunderstanding regarding the importance of faith and logic, as revealed in their exposition of poetic language, imagination, syllogism, nature of the subject, aesthetics and moral validity. Therefore, this paper sheds light on the tradition of poetics in both pre-Islamic Arab culture and medieval Arabic-Islamic period, discusses the reasons for the acceptance of Aristotle\u2019s Poetics within the Muslim community and explores the distinctive aspects of the leading Muslim philosophers\u2019 literary theories that make them more advanced, and dynamic compared to the Greeks.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Faith, Islamic approach, literary theories, Muslim philosophers, poetics<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-b2a058e \" id=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c322e5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-b2a058e6a238f1c322e5-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Zubaida-IJIT-Vol-25-June-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Page No. &amp; DOI\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Page: 193-201 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 DOI: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.329\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.27.2025.329<\/a><\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Abstract &amp; Keywords\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Little is known about the contributions made by the Muslim literary philosophers of the medieval age since their ideas on poetics have not been well documented. Al-Farabi and Ibn-Sina, offered an explanation of reasoning to reconcile poetry with the corpus of consistent ideas regarding truths as revealed in the Quran. Ibn Rushd compared poetry to a logical organ of philosophy, claiming that its distinctive characteristics enable the communication of truth and draw the creative mind nearer to God. Despite their extensive theoretical resources in poetry, the literary philosophies of these thinkers are largely unknown to Muslims and non-Muslims alike. In addition, there are some amounts of confusion and ambivalence about the distinctiveness of their literary theories and has much misunderstanding regarding the importance of faith and logic, as revealed in their exposition of poetic language, imagination, syllogism, nature of the subject, aesthetics and moral validity. Therefore, this paper sheds light on the tradition of poetics in both pre-Islamic Arab culture and medieval Arabic-Islamic period, discusses the reasons for the acceptance of Aristotle\u2019s Poetics within the Muslim community and explores the distinctive aspects of the leading Muslim philosophers\u2019 literary theories that make them more advanced, and dynamic compared to the Greeks.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Faith, Islamic approach, literary theories, Muslim philosophers, poetics<\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Full Article\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Zubaida-IJIT-Vol-25-June-2025.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CLICK HERE<\/a><\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-621bd03\" data-id=\"621bd03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ff833b elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ff833b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cover of the Issue<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f31cfd7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f31cfd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/1-Cover-IJIT-Dec-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/A1-Cover-IJIT-Vol-27-June-2025.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2031558 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2031558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol. 27, June 2025<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a484337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"a484337\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3484\" class=\"elementor elementor-3484\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b17f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b17f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a7a431\" data-id=\"8a7a431\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fc35cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5fc35cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db4918f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db4918f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cac3135\" data-id=\"cac3135\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f95eafd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f95eafd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Editor in Chief<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ffb59b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ffb59b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62d0722\" data-id=\"62d0722\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f8e80c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f8e80c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">PROFESSOR DR. AHMAD SUNAWARI LONG<strong><br \/><\/strong><a href=\"mailto:ijit@ukm.edu.my\">ijit@ukm.edu.my<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a45509 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a45509\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b810b7d\" data-id=\"b810b7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d58a77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d58a77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Member of<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d5f99aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d5f99aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ee41e2\" data-id=\"0ee41e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77b2db5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77b2db5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-767\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"156\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/copelogo-e1523070094263.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 156px) 100vw, 156px\" \/><br \/>COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ebc62b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ebc62b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a5ca8f\" data-id=\"2a5ca8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cc0088 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0cc0088\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">IJIT in Brief<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d916be3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d916be3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b218be\" data-id=\"3b218be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8935e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8935e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An international scholarly journal on Islamic thought and contemporary Muslim issues.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce47e5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ce47e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e733652 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e733652\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Indexed in Scopus and Web of Science\u2013ESCI.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9e4411 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e9e4411\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd93740 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd93740\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fully open access with global readership.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8c19b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d8c19b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8e46c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8e46c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Published twice a year (June and December).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-288f930 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"288f930\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a7c6b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a7c6b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>All submissions undergo double-blind peer review.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e10526 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7e10526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64ea624 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64ea624\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Accepts English manuscripts only.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63c8c6d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"63c8c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9d86a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9d86a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Requires IMRaD writing structure.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4043b1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a4043b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f351dce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f351dce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uses APA citation and formatting style.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1bba40 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1bba40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d5e4fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d5e4fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Committed to COPE\u2019s ethical publishing standards.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cffd4bc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cffd4bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0db50da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0db50da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Published by the National University of Malaysia (UKM) in partnership with Wisdom Academia Venture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ffad423 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ffad423\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b567bf\" data-id=\"7b567bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4c5058 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4c5058\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a title=\"SCImago Journal &amp; Country Rank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journalsearch.php?q=21100944566&amp;tip=sid&amp;exact=no&amp;__ncforminfo=HsnvEFAkbPJB7V37HbPRKNthCovtX72tIkTgxSNMRCqWxSEyCG_jzHpjwAfdMXnJEkmzpDG3A3Ww_bcZlAv1GUQ7I-cRJNjX2t8CbQTzOKE=&amp;__ncforminfo=QelFgbU4fe4qjxFmuVVtDvQW3tcxZwxEJu_4XTfiOwUaE21mEYc_gYtSNiQDvk0xu4dx-yNCrhY2_lLYgH3KjcBkWi4im0ZUifLzUpd3uzTXQKXHFTaHNA==&amp;__ncforminfo=DqRts6tayT5KrWqBImOPqXhHimJBYXUhdXJ9_UfAfIGtQbWjUyWZN1THChgCV1T3CGjQAYBR1Uhf_l37mUavoJNtvRWtVXalPc2IXdhrqWs3ddHR4DYCj1g0Q0H7WHg8&#038;__ncforminfo=Cp-qtxMYGzv4tX5YGVmuOcz6yRcBvsSx7swU77sdEXp6IJShK0xPytEtrhpWNjX6EFrA8IpWO_HrDb6EH0643K8TCqIdQDBRq8IEclfG7JkFgs_PA48rr2cPNgiQP-CY8h6Y_2zYe0Q=&#038;__ncforminfo=jGHGlnlKV1UdaoxNtD1ECLHrmqOnqvjXrml3wzf03TDhR2Hmumq2Qf2goAGbe-BPOoBmvkeM2N5QsgR_Di6sY7gA1OykN-sZXsy2Cpc8wEqraua0IPCm8fF4YuNqNQO_supe_riYrZX6zouRU05swA==\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journal_img.php?id=21100944566&amp;__ncforminfo=HsnvEFAkbPJB7V37HbPRKNthCovtX72tsYwxzKTt_e4way9NBpWEIYfWX5COJeZxQxrwkfsYKOLhkNBZ_DRjcQ==&amp;__ncforminfo=QelFgbU4fe4qjxFmuVVtDvQW3tcxZwxERLzeB-mr1Y_zAZjBk8tJ0YT0WHbvp4UCFOFNIxWDwYvHbVdOWXlsUASrpjvUO6Gm&amp;__ncforminfo=DqRts6tayT5KrWqBImOPqXhHimJBYXUhWNpFOLE4ZGHpfLXatiGkO5GjzLOYVBzhD1xQIumERZ8ZYEBEvat9IYsxdeK94uqU09VOhuGrGfE=&#038;__ncforminfo=Cp-qtxMYGzv4tX5YGVmuOcz6yRcBvsSxPM_7A0IlIk1KMGFu1VFsk9kbZtSrfB4FKCK4rzmHYKhhOcZKE5_zwx0klLKgT1HQNVTZxGvjvIxClgRKqTf5iQ==&#038;__ncforminfo=jGHGlnlKV1UdaoxNtD1ECLHrmqOnqvjXht7KmMnPYD1iCNyvBBjr5iBFpngHDOJUGdhbkkALZQ28ZS0Eqha2v1fNL6i_7saWfyV55D1zQSiyEGF4WgyXoxZjlEwWM3RR\" alt=\"SCImago Journal &amp; Country Rank\" width=\"204\" height=\"204\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a3a9a18 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a3a9a18\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38e3c1eb\" data-id=\"38e3c1eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dfdcab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"3dfdcab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1053\" class=\"elementor elementor-1053\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70e7948 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70e7948\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b5bfd7\" data-id=\"1b5bfd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1892abb elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1892abb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\tIndexed &amp; Abstracted by\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2f9c55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2f9c55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b0c891\" data-id=\"0b0c891\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-524dd0b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"524dd0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/sourceid\/21100944566\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-SCOPUS.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4655\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-06f2476\" data-id=\"06f2476\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42dc02d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"42dc02d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mjl.clarivate.com:\/\/search-results?issn=2232-1314&#038;hide_exact_match_fl=true&#038;utm_source=mjl&#038;utm_medium=share-by-link&#038;utm_campaign=search-results-share-this-journal\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-ESCI.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4656\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-704378b\" data-id=\"704378b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74d22d8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"74d22d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mysitasi.mohe.gov.my\/portal\/#\/journal-details\/df6ba5db-5f76-11ef-a699-005056a6a970\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-MYSITASI.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4657\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3759a57\" data-id=\"3759a57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6512b69 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6512b69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-ATLA.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4778\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d63a879\" data-id=\"d63a879\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa59b1a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aa59b1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?from_ui=yes&#038;q=2232-1314\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-CROSSREF.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4663\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5983b7e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5983b7e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c3ac6a\" data-id=\"0c3ac6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2bf2bc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e2bf2bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-PROQUEST-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4781\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-67ee4bd\" data-id=\"67ee4bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04c2e1f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"04c2e1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-EBSCOHOST.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4779\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-605c647\" data-id=\"605c647\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-066ee31 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"066ee31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-PROQUEST.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4780\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-49acecb\" data-id=\"49acecb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0260a4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e0260a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/INDEX-ISLAMICUS.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4782\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b3e8b9\" data-id=\"0b3e8b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c01670 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c01670\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb7aa49\" data-id=\"cb7aa49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35ca6e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35ca6e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/88x31.png\" width=\"88\" height=\"31\" \/><\/span><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Authors retain copyright of their work. Articles published in IJIT are distributed under the <span style=\"color: #f7f381;\"><a style=\"color: #f7f381;\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License <br \/>(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)<\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ed2aa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ed2aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easycounter.com\/counter.php?ijitukm&#038;__ncforminfo=UFBBnh2iQt1z85PE6YuniOjJkuG7UP239YaabcmOcuoZTQlL5ZLo3ckfBmIOXYpWq7Ejkp7JN8vk7ZIFqX3yCA==&#038;__ncforminfo=pax0TaxNQSEzaHXTDxBT9Jd8A_EJNHxRnTRn6nNTL82-biGy4jiEUk35MksuZhov4QCMNcmeWt4Ej2EFzG63CnmeEoJuhlel&#038;__ncforminfo=mCQMoR_z7TLwu4_GhLFu_PHeUJTqtl9nSG5ftRafTNsckO8On0DBsxvevcbjCby1IKfQV4jPRF-eQaL_Z1d8FvY6ZrzPqinc7TNSs8T3_7g=&#038;__ncforminfo=w91uEyGZrAYSZ-GTNDsEKXMOsjqj1nSooxuMkB6Bj7LQzwkfvKleXmdjmTKw-_UIpiPwXhEabhksAG76vx1JRndNs3BFRzt2BfYLhX2Is0-KmD0VwWEEOQ==&#038;__ncforminfo=DJP9RnalEqJuDO-tXAZoSTxcZOQGVQx4S3JqsrmR0GOzduU-hiQnYSmVeQOYYwZ4gFQ5LmNJoORW59GdiiUqY1loQ8APTov8lZutkYppRxzgRX2IfbpxrnhnAxrjl7dY\" alt=\"Website Hit Counter\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">visitors\u00a0since 01 June 2012<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2715f0\" data-id=\"b2715f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4661ce2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4661ce2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Published by<\/i><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY<\/strong><br \/>Faculty of Islamic Studies<br \/>Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia<br \/>(the National University of Malaysia)<br \/>43600 Bangi, Selangor<br \/>MALAYSIA<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>and<\/i><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>WISDOM ACADEMIA VENTURE<br \/><\/strong>Kuala Lumpur<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cfbc153 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cfbc153\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-845b408\" data-id=\"845b408\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dda9bfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-copyright\" data-id=\"dda9bfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"copyright.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-copyright-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Copyright \u00a9 2026 IJIT - U K M <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Volume 27, (June) 2025 PRELIMINARY Article 1 Ahmad Sunawari Long, Abdull Rahman Mahmood &amp; Mohd Hatib Ismail Free Will in Averroes\u2019 Compatibilism Page No. &amp;<a class=\"ut-readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/vol-27-june-2025\/\"> &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5072","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5072","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5072"}],"version-history":[{"count":63,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5072\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5137,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5072\/revisions\/5137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/ijit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}