{"id":4348,"date":"2025-07-07T08:16:57","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T08:16:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jcil\/?page_id=4348"},"modified":"2025-07-07T09:07:07","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T09:07:07","slug":"jcil-2025-101-article-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jcil\/jcil-2025-101-article-2\/","title":{"rendered":"JCIL 2025 10(1) Article 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; specialty=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;2025 10(1)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>JUNE 2025<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jcil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cover-JCIL-2025-101-scaled.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Cover JCIL 2025 10(1)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; specialty_columns=&#8221;2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Tajuk&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span class=\"ContentControl SCXW24809054 BCX8\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Rich text content control paragraph\"><span class=\"ContentControlBoundarySink SCXW24809054 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW242426475 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-MY\" xml:lang=\"EN-MY\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW242426475 BCX8\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW171597660 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW171597660 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\"><span class=\"EOP SCXW230384493 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">Towards an Integrative Model of Parliamentary Oversight: A Comparative Study Between Contemporary Systems and Islamic Foundations<\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Penulis&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ContentControl SCXW15335319 BCX8\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Rich text content control paragraph\"><span class=\"ContentControl SCXW15335319 BCX8\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Plain text content control\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW15335319 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW15335319 BCX8\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW7960388 BCX8\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\"><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW209429232 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW209429232 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW151309865 BCX8\">Jarrah E H F A Alazemi,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW209429232 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW209429232 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\"><em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW152312601 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW152312601 BCX8\">P137580@siswa.ukm.edu.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><em><br \/><\/em><\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">Research<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">Centre<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">for<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">Sharia<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">Faculty<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">of<\/span>\u00a0Islamic\u00a0<span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">Studies<\/span>, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia<br \/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"ContentControl SCXW15335319 BCX8\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Rich text content control paragraph\"><span class=\"ContentControl SCXW15335319 BCX8\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Plain text content control\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW15335319 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW15335319 BCX8\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW7960388 BCX8\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW209429232 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW209429232 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW151309865 BCX8\">Muhammad Nazir Alias,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/><\/strong><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">Research<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">Centre<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">for<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">Sharia<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW7960388 BCX8\">,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">Faculty<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">of<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW7960388 BCX8\">\u00a0Islamic\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\">Studies<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW7960388 BCX8\">, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia<br \/><span class=\"ContentControl SCXW15335319 BCX8\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Rich text content control paragraph\"><span class=\"ContentControl SCXW15335319 BCX8\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Plain text content control\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW15335319 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW15335319 BCX8\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW7960388 BCX8\"><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW209429232 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW209429232 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW151309865 BCX8\">Anwar Fakhri Omar,<br \/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW209429232 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW209429232 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW151309865 BCX8\">Research\u00a0Centre\u00a0for\u00a0Sharia,\u00a0Faculty\u00a0of\u00a0Islamic\u00a0Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW7960388 BCX8\"><br \/><\/span>Received: April 27, 2025 | Revised: June 11, 2025 | Accepted: June 23, 2025 | Published: July 1, 2025<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Volume &#038; PDF&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ContentControl SCXW24809054 BCX8\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Rich text content control paragraph\"><span class=\"ContentControlBoundarySink SCXW24809054 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\">2025, Vol. 10(1), pp. 10-18. \u00a0| \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jcil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Article-2.pdf\">PDF<\/a><br \/>DOI: DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26475\/jcil.2025.10.1.02<br \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_tabs admin_label=&#8221;Abstract &#038; References&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_text_align=&#8221;justify&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Abstrak&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_text_align=&#8221;justify&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; 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\u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Abstract&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_text_align=&#8221;justify&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Parliamentary oversight is a cornerstone of modern democratic systems and serves as a fundamental safeguard to ensure the balance of power among branches of government. This study addresses the gap between contemporary mechanisms of parliamentary oversight and their foundations in Islamic law, exploring the extent to which Islamic regulatory principles and values can inform the development of a preliminary model for integrated oversight that ensures both effectiveness and legitimacy. The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the constitutional mechanisms of parliamentary oversight with oversight principles found in the Islamic system, identify areas of convergence and divergence between the two, and develop a preliminary integrated oversight model that enhances parliamentary accountability through a framework that blends modernity with Islamic legitimacy. The study adopts a multi-methodological approach, combining comparative analytical, deductive, and foresight methodologies. The findings reveal a fundamental alignment between contemporary and Islamic oversight mechanisms in terms of objectives and principles. The Islamic model, however, is distinguished by its comprehensiveness and its integration of both institutional and self-regulatory dimensions. The study demonstrates the feasibility of constructing an integrated oversight model that leverages the ethical and value-based foundations of the Islamic system alongside the institutional structures of the contemporary system, thereby strengthening good governance and promoting the public interest.<\/p>\n<p>KEYWORDS<br \/>Parliamentary Oversight, Islamic Oversight System, Integrated Accountability, Good Governance, Constitutional Oversight Mechanisms<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;References&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_text_align=&#8221;justify&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 560px; text-align: right;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0663 . \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a.<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u062d\u0648. \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0661 . \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<br \/>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631.<br \/>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0662 . \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 .<br \/>.\u0667 :(\u0664 ) \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0662 ? \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627<br \/>\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c. \u0661\u0669\u0669\u0661 . \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0632\u062f. \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0662 . \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<br \/>.\u0666\u0666\u0660 :(\u0662) \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0662\u0668<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641. \u0661\u0669\u0669\u0664 . \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629.<br \/>Chantebout, Bernard. 2007. Droit Constitutionnel. Paris:Editions Dalloz.<br \/>Qvortrup, Matt. 2013. The British Constitution Continity and Change. London:Hart Publishing.<br \/>Reykers, Y. (2021). Strengthening parliamentary oversight of defence procurement: Lessons from Belgium. European Security, 30(4):505\u2013525. <br \/>Van Rensburg, W. J., Vre\u00ff, F., &amp; Neethling, T. 2020. Collecting evidence on the use of parliamentary oversight tools: A South African case study. African Evaluation Journal, 8(1):Article a424.<br \/>Wickberg, S., &amp; Ph\u00e9lippeau, \u00c9. 2022. From prohibition to regulation: Towards the institutionalization of parliamentary ethics in France. Public Integrity, 27(2):180\u2013191.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][\/et_pb_tabs][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>JUNE 2025\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a Towards an Integrative Model of Parliamentary Oversight: A Comparative Study Between Contemporary Systems and Islamic FoundationsJarrah E H F A Alazemi, P137580@siswa.ukm.edu.Research\u00a0Centre\u00a0for\u00a0Sharia,\u00a0Faculty\u00a0of\u00a0Islamic\u00a0Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaMuhammad Nazir Alias,\u00a0Research\u00a0Centre\u00a0for\u00a0Sharia,\u00a0Faculty\u00a0of\u00a0Islamic\u00a0Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaAnwar Fakhri Omar,Research\u00a0Centre\u00a0for\u00a0Sharia,\u00a0Faculty\u00a0of\u00a0Islamic\u00a0Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaReceived: April 27, 2025 | Revised: June 11, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4348","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jcil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4348","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jcil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jcil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jcil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jcil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4348"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jcil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4348\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4351,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jcil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4348\/revisions\/4351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jcil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}