Sains Malaysiana 42(6)(2013): 707–713

 

Psidium guajava Fruit Peel Extract Reduces Oxidative Stress of Pancreas in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

(Ekstrak Kulit Buah Psidium guajava Menurunkan Tekanan Oksidatif Pankreas

pada Tikus Diabetes Aruhan Streptozotosin)

 

Siti Balkis Budin*, Hawa Ismail & Pek Lian Chong

Biomedical Science Program, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences

Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala LumpurMalaysia

 

Received: 8 August 2012/Accepted: 15 November 2012

 

 

ABSTRACT

Abundant natural products with medicinal properties have been used as food and traditional medicine for diabetes mellitus all over the world. Psidium guajava fruit from the family of Myrtaceae has gained attention for its antioxidant potential. This study was conducted to determine the effects of P. guajava fruit peel aqueous extract on oxidative stress of pancreas in streptozotocin-induced (45 mg/kg) diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were administered with 400 mg/kg of aqueous extract of P. guajava fruit peel daily for 28 days duration. The results showed that diabetic rats supplemented with P. guajava extract did not cause significant difference in blood glucose level (p>0.05) as compared with diabetic rats alone. For oxidative stress evaluation, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl level were significantly lower and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) level were significantly higher (p<0.05) in P. guajava supplemented rats compared with non-supplemented diabetic rats. However, histological observation showed that supplementation of P. guajava extract did not give protective effects towards alterations in pancreas histology in diabetic rats. The findings suggested that aqueous extract of P. guajava fruit peel supplementation has the ability to reduce oxidative stress in pancreas of diabetic rats and may play a role in reducing the development of diabetic complications.

 

Keywords: Antioxidant; histopathology; lipid peroxidation; Psidium guajava; type 1 diabetes

 

ABSTRAK

Pelbagai bahan semula jadi yang dilengkapi ciri-ciri perubatan telah digunakan sebagai sumber makanan serta ubat tradisi untuk pesakit diabetes melitus di seluruh dunia. Kulit buah Psidium guajava yang berasal daripada keluarga Myrtaceae telah mendapat perhatian penyelidik untuk mengetahui potensi antioksidannya. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kesan ekstrak akueus kulit buah P. guajava terhadap tekanan oksidatif pankreas pada tikus diabetes aruhan streptozotosin (45 mg/kg). Tikus diabetes telah diberi 400 mg/kg ekstrak akueus kulit buah P. guajava setiap hari untuk 28 hari. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tiada perbezaan signifikan (p>0.05) pada aras glukosa darah tikus diabetes yang menerima suplementasi P. guajava berbanding tikus diabetes yang tidak menerima suplementasi. Untuk penilaian tekanan oksidatif, tikus diabetes yang disuplementasi P. guajava mempunyai aras malondialdehid (MDA) dan karbonil protein (PC) yang lebih rendah serta aktiviti superoksida dismutase (SOD) dan aras glutation (GSH) yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding tikus diabetes tidak disuplementasi. Walau bagaimanapun, analisis histologi menunjukkan berlaku kerosakan pankreas pada kumpulan tikus diabetes tidak dapat dibaiki dengan supplementasi P. guajava. Hasil kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak akueus kulit buah P. guajava berpotensi menurunkan tekanan oksidatif tisu pankreas pada tikus diabetes dan berkemungkinan dapat berperanan dalam mengurangkan komplikasi diabetes.

 

Kata kunci: Antioksidan; diabetes jenis 1; histopatologi; peroksidasi lipid; Psidium guajava

REFERENCES

Agarno, M., Tamagno, E., Gatto, V., Brignardello, E., Parola, S., Danni, O. & Boccuzzi, G. 1999. Dehydroepiandrosterone protects tissues of streptozotocin treated rats against oxidative stress. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 26: 1467-1474.

Arai, K., Maguchig, S., Fujii, S., Ishibashi, H., Oikawa, K. & Taniguchi, N. 1987. Glycation and inactivation of human Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 262(35): 16969-16972.

Bagri, P., Ali, M., Aer, V., Bhowmik, M. & Sultana, S. 2009. Antidiabetic effect of Punica granatum flowers: Effect on hyperlipidemia, pancreatic cells lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in experimental diabetes. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47: 50-54.

Bailey, C.J. & Turner, R.C. 1996. Metformin. The New England Journal of Medicine 334: 574-579.

Beyer, W.F. & Fridovich, I. 1987. Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: Some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Analytical Biochemistry 161: 559-566.

Chandrasoma, P. & Taylor, C.R. 2001. Concise Pathology. 3rd ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

Chen, H.Y. & Yen, G.C. 2007. Antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of extracts from guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves. Food Chemistry 101: 686-694.

Cheng, J.T. & Yang, R.S. 1983. Hypoglycemic effect of guava juice in mice and human subjects. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 11(1-4): 74-76.

Choi, S.W., Benzie, I.F.F., Ma, S.W., Strain, J.J. & Hannigan, B.M. 2008. Acute hyperglycemia and oxidative stress: Direct cause and effect? Free Radical Biology & Medicine 44: 1217-1231.

Dweck, A.C. 2001. A review of Psidium guajava. Malayan Journal of Medical Science 8: 27-30.

Ellman, G.L. 1959. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 82: 7077.

Escrig, A.J., Rincon, M., Pulido, R. & Saura-Calixto, F. 2001. Guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) as a new source of antioxidant dietary fiber. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49(11): 5489-5493.

Forman, H.J., Zhang, H. & Rinna, A. 2009. Glutathione: Overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 30: 1-12.

Gunnarsson, R., Berne, C. & Hellerstrom, C. 1974. Cytotoxic effects of streptozotocin and N-nitrosomethylurea on the pancreatic B cells with special regard to the role of nicotinamide- adenine dinucleotide. Biochemical Journal 140: 487-494.

Gutierrez, R.M.P., Mitchell, S. & Solis, R.V. 2008. Psidium guajava: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 117: 1-27.

Jin, L., Xue, H.Y., Jin, L.J., Li, S.Y. & Xu, Y.P. 2008. Antioxidant and pancreas-protective effect of aucubin on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. European Journal of Pharmacology 582: 162-167.

Kirakosyan, A., Seymour, E. & Kaufman, P.B. 2003. Antioxidant capacity of polyphenolic extracts from leaves of Crataegus laevigata and Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn) subjected to drought and cold stress. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51: 3973-3976.

Kirpichnikov, D., McFarlane, S.I. & Sowers, J.R. 2002. Metformin: An update. Annals of Internal Medicine 137(1): 25-33.

Kuyvenhoven, J.P. & Meinders, A.E. 1999. Oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus pathogenesis of long-term complications. European Journal of Internal Medicine 10: 9-19.

Lee, S.H. & Park, I.S. 2000. Effects of soybean diet on the b cells in the streptozotocin treated rats for induction of diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 47: 1-13.

Levine, R.L., Garland, D., Oliver, C.N., Amici, A., Climent, I., Lenz, A.G., Ahn, B.W., Shaltiel, S. & Stadtman, E.R. 1990. Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins. Methods in Enzymology 186: 464-478.

Liu, Z., Li, J., Zeng, Z., Liu, M. & Wang, M. 2008. The antidiabetic effects of cysteinyl metformin, a newly synthesized agent, in alloxan- and streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Chemico-Biological Interactions 173: 68-75.

Mahrouf, M., Ouslimani, N., Peynet, J., Djelidi, R., Couturier, M., Therond, P., Legrand, A. & Beaudeu, J.L. 2006. Metformin reduces angiotensin-mediated intracellular production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells through the inhibition of protein kinase C. Biochemical Pharmacology 72(2): 176-183.

Manach, C., Scalbert, A., Morand, C., Remesy, C. & Jimenez, L. 2004. Polyphenols: Food sources and bioavailability. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(5): 727-747.

Mohanty, J.G., Bhamidipaty, S., Evans, M.K. & Rifkind, J.M. 2010. A fluorimetric semi-microplate format assay of protein carbonyls in blood plasma. Analytical Biochemistry 400: 289-294.

Nevin, K.G. & Rajamohan, T. 2004. Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDLoxidation. Clinical Biochemistry 37: 830-835.

Oh, W.K., Lee, C.H., Lee, M.S., Bae, E.Y., Sohn, C.B., Oh, H., Kim, B.Y. & Ahn, J.S. 2005. Antidiabetic effects of extracts from Psidium guajava. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 96: 411-415.

Rai, P.K., Jaiswal, D., Mehta, S. & Watal, G. 2009. Anti-hyperglycaemic potential of Psidium guajava raw fruit peel. Indian Journal of Medical Research 129: 561-565.

Rai, P.K., Mehta, S. & Watal, G. 2010. Hypolipidaemic & hepatoprotective effects of Psidium guajava raw fruit peel in experimental diabetes. Indian Journal of Medical Research 131: 820-824.

Rai, P.K., Singh, S.K., Kesari, A.N. & Watal, G. 2007. Glyceamic evaluation of Psidium guajava in rats. Indian Journal of Medical Research 126: 224-227.

Rains, J.L. & Jain, S.K. 2010. Oxidative stress, insulin signaling, and diabetes. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 50(5): 567-575.

Rodigro, R., Miranda, A. & Vergara, L. 2011. Modulation of endogenous antioxidant system by wine polyphenols in human disease. Clinica Chimica Acta 412(5-6): 410-424.

Ryan, P. & Hynes, M.J. 2007. The kinetics and mechanisms of the complex formation and antioxidant behaviour of the polyphenols EGCg and ECGwith iron(III). Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 101: 585-593.

Sarkhail, P., Rahmanipour, S., Fadyevatan, S., Mohammadirad, A., Dehghan, G., Amin, G., Shafiee, A. & Abdollahi, M. 2007. Antidiabetic effect of Phlomis anisodonta: Effects on hepatic cells lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in experimental diabetes. Pharmacological Research 56: 261-266.

Saura-Calixto, F. & Goni, I. 2006. Antioxidant capacity of the Spanish Mediterranean diet. Food Chemistry 94: 442-447.

Schaffer, S., Schmitt-Schilling, S., Muller, W.E. & Eckert, G.P. 2005. Antioxidant properties of Mediterranean food plant extracts: Geographical differences. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 56(1): 115-124.

Sefi, M., Fetoui, H., Makni, M. & Zeghal, N. 2010. Mitigating effects of antioxidant properties of Artemisia campestris leaf extract on hyperlipidemia, advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48: 1986-1993.

Singh, P.K., Baxi, D., Banerjee, S. & Ramachandran, A.V. 2010. Therapy with methanolic extract of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb and Ocimum sanctum Linn reverses dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in alloxan induced type Idiabetic rat model. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 62: 1-8.

Stock, J. & Dormandy, T.L. 1971. The autooxidation of human red cell lipids induced by hydrogen peroxide. British Journal of Haematology 20: 95-111.

WHO 1999. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complication. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Wu, J.W., Hsieh, C.L., Wang, H.Y. & Chen, H.Y. 2009. Inhibitory effects of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf extracts and its active compounds on the glycation process of protein. Food Chemistry 113: 78-84.

Yang, M., Xu, Z.P., Xu, C.J., Meng, J., Ding, G.Q., Zhang, X.M. & Weng, Y. 2008. Renal protective activity of Hsian-tsao extracts in diabetic rats. Biomedical and Environmental Science 21: 222-227.

Zhang, L., Yang, J., Chen, X.Q., Zan, K., Wen, X.D., Chen, H., Wang, Q. & Lai, M.X. 2010. Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of extracts from Potentilla discolor Bunge on diabetic rats induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 132: 518-524.

Zwart, L.L.D., Meerman, J.H., Commandeur, J.N.M. & Vermeulen, N.P.E. 1999. Biomarkers of free radical damage applications in experimental animals and in humans. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 26(1/2): 202-226.

 

 

*Corresponding author; email: balkis6466@yahoo.com.my

 

 

previous